ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Chowdhury R , Kumar V , Mondal D , Das ML , Das P , Dash AP , Kroeger A , 2016. Implication of vector characteristics of Phlebotomus argentipes in the kala-azar elimination programme in the Indian subcontinent. Pathog Glob Health 110: 87–96.
-
2.
Bern C et al., 2005. Risk factors for kala-azar in Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 655–662.
-
3.
Medley GF , Hollingsworth TD , Olliaro PL , Adams ER , 2015. Health-seeking behaviour, diagnostics and transmission dynamics in the control of visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent. Nature 528: S102–S108.
-
4.
Alvar J , Vélez ID , Bern C , Herrero M , Desjeux P , Cano J , Jannin J , den Boer M , WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team , 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671.
-
5.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia , 2013. Regional Technical Advisory Group (RTAG) for the Kala-azar Elimination Programme. Report of the Fifth Meeting, September 17–19, 2013, Paro, Bhutan. New Delhi, India (SEA-CD-280). Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/SEA-CD-280. Accessed February 9, 2023.
-
6.
Bern C , Chowdhury R , 2006. The epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh and prospects for improved control. Indian J Med Res 123: 275–288.
-
7.
Sengupta PC , 1947. History of kala-azar in India. Ind Med Gaz 82: 281–286.
-
8.
Rahman KM , Islam N , 1983. Resurgence of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 61: 113–116.
-
9.
Chowdhury R , Mondal D , Chowdhury V , Faria S , Alvar J , Nabi SG , Boelaert M , Dash AP , 2014. How far are we from visceral leishmaniasis elimination in Bangladesh? An assessment of epidemiological surveillance data. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3020.
-
10.
Rahman M , 2013. Insecticide substitutes for DDT to control mosquitoes may be causes of several diseases. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20: 2064–2069.
-
11.
Chowdhury R et al., 2018. Susceptibility of field-collected Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies from Bangladesh and Nepal to different insecticides. Parasit Vectors 11: 336.
-
12.
Mondal D , Alam S , Karim Z , Haque R , Boelaert M , Kroeger A , 2008. Present situation of vector control in Bangladesh: a wake up call. Health Policy 87: 369–376.
-
13.
Sharma A et al., 2006. The economic impact of visceral leishmaniasis on households in Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health 11: 757–764.
-
14.
World Health Organization , 2005. Regional Strategic Framework for Elimination of Kala-azar from South East Asia Region (2005–2015). SEA-VBC-85-REV-1. New Delhi, India: WHO.
-
15.
WHO Regional Committee for South-East Asia , 2014. Report of the Sixty-seventh Session, Dhaka, Bangladesh. New Delhi, India: WHO, Regional Office for South-East Asia.
-
16.
Mondal D , 2016. Elimination Efforts in Bangladesh: Lessons Learned and Challenges Remaining. First SPEAK India General Assembly Meeting, November 3–5, 2016, Delhi, India.
-
17.
Alemu A , Alemu A , Esmael N , Dessie Y , Hamdu K , Mathewos B , Birhan W , 2013. Knowledge, attitude and practices related to visceral leishmaniasis among residents in Addis Zemen town, South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 13: 382.
-
18.
Singh SP , Reddy DCS , Mishra RN , Sundar S , 2006. Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to Kala-azar in a rural area of Bihar state, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 505–508.
-
19.
Koirala S , Parija SC , Karki P , Das ML , 1998. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about kala-azar and its sandfly vector in rural communities of Nepal. Bull World Health Organ 76: 485–490.
-
20.
Sarkari B , Qasem A , Shafaf MR , 2014. Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis, southern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4: 566–569.
-
21.
Siddiqui NA , Kumar N , Ranjan A , Pandey K , Das VN , Verma RB , Das P , 2010. Awareness approximately kala-azar disease and related preventive attitudes and practices in a highly endemic rural area of India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 41: 1–12.
-
22.
Vahabi A , Rassi Y , Oshaghi MA , Vahabi B , Rafizadeh S , Sayyad S , 2013. First survey on knowledge, attitude and practice about cutaneous leishmaniasis among dwellers of Musian District, Dehloran County, southwestern Iran. Life Sci J 10: 864–868.
-
23.
Narendra K , Siddiqui NA , Verma RB , Das P , 2009. Knowledge about sandflies in relation to public and domestic control activities of kala-azar in rural endemic areas of Bihar. J Commun Dis 41: 121–128.
-
24.
Akram A , Khan HAA , Qadir A , Sabir AM , 2015. A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude and practices related to cutaneous leishmaniasis and sand flies in Punjab, Pakistan. PLoS One 10: e0130929.
-
25.
Bangladesh Bureau of District Statistics , 2013. Available at: http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/District%20Statistics/Mymensingh.pdf. Accessed February 10, 2023.
-
26.
Awotidebe TO , Adedoyin RA , Rasaq WA , Adeyeye VO , Mbada CE , Akinola OT , Otwombe KN , 2014. Knowledge, attitude and practice of exercise for blood pressure control: a cross-sectional survey. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Knowledge%2C-attitude-and-Practice-of-Exercise-for-A-Awotidebe-Adedoyin/ca0fa53e5e3c5ab16276ec6bd8e04a227e207030. Accessed February 10, 2023.
-
27.
Berhe M , Bsrat A , Taddele H , Gadissa E , Hagos Y , Tekle Y , Abera A , 2017. Knowledge attitude and practice toward visceral leishmaniasis among residents and health professionals in Welkait District, western Tigray, Ethiopia. J Trop Dis 6: 257.
-
28.
Directorate General of Health Services, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh , 2017. Health Bulletin 2017. Available at: http://www.dghs.gov.bd/images/docs/Publicaations/HealthBulletin2017Final13_01_2018.pdf. Accessed in December 12, 2018.
-
29.
KalaCORE , 2023. Stamping out a parasitic disease. Available at: https://www.mottmac.com/article/61256/kalacore-tackling-visceral-leishmaniasis. Accessed February 9, 2023.
-
30.
Mondal D , Singh SP , Kumar N , Joshi A , Sundar S , Das P , Siddhivinayak H , Kroeger A , Boelaert M , 2009. Visceral leishmaniasis elimination programme in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal: reshaping the case finding/case management strategy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e355.
-
31.
Mondal D , Huda MM , Karmoker MK , Ghosh D , Matlashewski G , Nabi SG , Kroeger A , 2013. Reducing visceral leishmaniasis by insecticide impregnation of bed-nets, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1131–1134.
-
32.
Chowdhury R et al., 2017. Is long lasting insecticide treated bed net able to reduce visceral leishmaniasis incidence? The evidence in Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health 22 (Suppl 1): 369–370.
-
33.
Das M , Banjara MR , Chowdhury R , Kumar V , Rijal S , Joshi AB , Akhter S , Kroeger A , Varghese B , 2008. Visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian sub-continent: a multi-center study of the cost of three interventions for the control of the sandfly vector, Phlebotomus argentepis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 729–741.
-
34.
Alexander B , Maroli M , 2003. Control of phlebotomine sandflies. Med Vet Entomol 17: 1–18.
-
35.
Singh RK , Pandey HP , Sunder S , 2006. Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar): challenges ahead. Indian J Med Res 123: 331–344.
-
36.
Thakur CP , 2000. Socio-economies of visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar (India). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 156–157.
-
37.
Cloots K et al., 2020. Impact of the visceral leishmaniasis elimination initiative on Leishmania donovani transmission in Nepal: a 10-year repeat survey. Lancet Glob Health 8: e237–e243.
-
38.
Hirve S , Kroeger A , Matlashewski G , Mondal D , Banjara MR , Das P , Be-Nazir A , Arana B , Olliaro P , 2017. Towards elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian sub-continent-Translating research to practice to public health. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005889.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 712 | 712 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 747 | 748 | 36 |
| PDF Downloads | 173 | 173 | 26 |
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward Kala-azar in an Endemic District in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Survey
ABSTRACT.
We undertook a study to assess current knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to kala-azar to advise the national kala-azar elimination program in Bangladesh. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two endemic subdistricts (upazilas): Fulbaria and Trishal. Based on upazila health complex surveillance data, one endemic village was selected randomly from each of these subdistricts. A total of 511 households (HHs) (261 in Fulbaria and 250 in Trishal) were included in the study. An adult from each HH was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Specifically, data were collected on knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to kala-azar. Of the respondents, 52.64% were illiterate. All study participants had heard approximately kala-azar, and 30.14% of the HHs or neighboring HHs have had at least one kala-azar case. Of the respondents, 68.88% knew that kala-azar is transmitted through sick people, and more than 56.53% of the study participants said that mosquitoes transmitted kala-azar, even though 90.80% were aware of the presence of sand flies. Of the participants, 46.55% were aware that insect vectors laid their eggs in the water. The Upazila Health Complex was the preferable health-care facility for 88.14% of the villagers. In addition, 62.03% used bed nets for preventing sand fly bites and 96.48% of the families had mosquito nets. Based on these observations, the national program should strengthen its current community engagement activities to increase the knowledge of kala-azar in endemic communities.
Author Notes
Disclosure: The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article, which do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated. The study protocol was approved by the ethical review committees of the Bangladesh Medical Research Council. Informed consent to participate in the household survey was acquired from the head of the household before voluntary participation in the study.
Authors’ addresses: Shyla Faria and Sarder Mahmud Hossain, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mails: shylafaria@yahoo.com and hossainsarder059@gmail.com. Md. Sahidul Islam, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, E-mail: ripon.ru.statistics@gmail.com. Vashkar Chowdhury, Eden Mohila College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: prostatguru@gmail.com. Rajib Chowdhury, International Centre for Diarrhoea Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: rajib478@yahoo.com.