Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Roberds A , Ferraro E , Luckhart S , Stewart VA , 2021. HIV-1 impact on malaria transmission: a complex and relevant global health concern. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11: 656938.
-
2.
NASCOP , 2014. Kenya Aids indicator survey 2012. Available at: https://nacc.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/KAIS-2012.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
3.
Whitworth J et al.2000. Effect of HIV-1 and increasing immunosuppression on malaria parasitaemia and clinical episodes in adults in rural Uganda: a cohort study. Lancet 356: 1051–1056.
-
4.
French N , Nakiyingi J , Lugada E , Watera C , Whitworth JA , Gilks CF , 2001. Increasing rates of malarial fever with deteriorating immune status in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults. AIDS 15: 899–906.
-
5.
Patnaik P et al.2005. Effects of HIV-1 serostatus, HIV-1 RNA concentration, and CD4 cell count on the incidence of malaria infection in a cohort of adults in rural Malawi. J Infect Dis 192: 984–991.
-
6.
Stiffler DM , Oyieko J , Kifude CM , Rockabrand DM , Luckhart S , Stewart VA , 2021. HIV-1 infection is associated with increased prevalence and abundance of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte-specific transcripts in asymptomatic adults in western Kenya. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10: 600106.
-
7.
Kifude C et al.2021. Asymptomatic falciparum and non-falciparum malarial parasitemia in adult volunteers with and without HIV-1 coinfection in a cohort study in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 105: 159–166.
-
8.
Steketee RW , Wirima JJ , Slutsker L , Breman JG , Heymann DL , 1996. Comparability of treatment groups and risk factors for parasitemia at the first antenatal clinic visit in a study of malaria treatment and prevention in pregnancy in rural Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 17–23.
-
9.
Steketee RW , Wirima JJ , Bloland PB , Chilima B , Mermin JH , Chitsulo L , Breman JG , 1996. Impairment of a pregnant woman’s acquired ability to limit Plasmodium falciparum by infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 42–49.
-
10.
Hewitt K , Steketee R , Mwapasa V , Whitworth J , French N , 2006. Interactions between HIV and malaria in non-pregnant adults: evidence and implications. AIDS 20: 1993–2004.
-
11.
Ministry of Health Kenya , 2016. Guidelines on use of antiretroviral Drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection in Kenya. Available at: https://www.prepwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Guidelines-on-ARV-for-Treating-Preventing-HIV-Infections-in-Kenya.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
12.
Ministry of Health Kenya , 2018. Guidelines on use of antiretroviral Drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection in Kenya. Available at: http://cquin.icap.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ICAP_CQUIN_Kenya-ARV-Guidelines-2018-Final_20thAug2018.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
13.
Mermin J , Ekwaru JP , Liechty CA , Were W , Downing R , Ransom R , Weidle P , Lule J , Coutinho A , Solberg P , 2006. Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy, and insecticide-treated bednets on the frequency of malaria in HIV-1-infected adults in Uganda: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 367: 1256–1261.
-
14.
Achan J et al.2012. Antiretroviral agents and prevention of malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children. N Engl J Med 367: 2110–2118.
-
15.
Sibley CH et al.2001. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: what next? Trends Parasitol 17: 582–588.
-
16.
Certain LK , Briceño M , Kiara SM , Nzila AM , Watkins WM , Sibley CH , 2008. Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum dhfr haplotypes that confer pyrimethamine resistance, Kilifi, Kenya, 1987–2006. J Infect Dis 197: 1743–1751.
-
17.
A-Elbasit IE , Elbashir MI , Khalil IF , Alifrangis M , Giha HA , 2006. The efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone and in combination with chloroquine for malaria treatment in rural Eastern Sudan: the interrelation between resistance, age and gametocytogenesis. Trop Med Int Health 11: 604–612.
-
18.
Bousema JT , Gouagna LC , Meutstege AM , Okech BE , Akim NI , Githure JI , Beier JC , Sauerwein RW , 2003. Treatment failure of pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine and induction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in children in western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 8: 427–430.
-
19.
Schneider P , Bousema T , Omar S , Gouagna L , Sawa P , Schallig H , Sauerwein R , 2006. (Sub)microscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in Kenyan children after treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine monotherapy or in combination with artesunate. Int J Parasitol 36: 403–408.
-
20.
Trott KA et al.2011. Evidence for an increased risk of transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus and malaria in a rhesus macaque coinfection model. J Virol 85: 11655–11663.
-
21.
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation , 2010. National Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Malaria in Kenya. Available at: https://www.thecompassforsbc.org/sites/default/files/project_examples/Kenya_Malaria_Tx_Guideline_2010.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
22.
NASCOP , 2008. National Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counseling. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/—ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_127533.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
23.
Dhorda M et al.2020. Research Malaria Microscopy Working Group. Towards harmonization of microscopy methods for malaria clinical research studies. Malar J 19: 324.
-
24.
Ohrt C et al.2007. Establishing a malaria diagnostics centre of excellence in Kisumu, Kenya. Malar J 6: 79.
-
25.
Torrevillas BK et al.2020. Plasmodium falciparum DHFR and DHPS Mutations Are Associated With HIV-1 Co-Infection and a Novel DHPS Mutation I504T Is Identified in Western Kenya. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10: 600112.
-
26.
Bousema T et al.2012. Mosquito feeding assays to determine the infectiousness of naturally infected Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers. PLoS One 7: e42821.
-
27.
NACC , 2018. Kenya HIV Estimates Report 2018. Available at: https://nacc.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/HIV-estimates-report-Kenya-20182.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
28.
Kaguthi GK , Nduba V , Adam MB , 2020. The impact of the nurses’, doctors’ and clinical officer strikes on mortality in four health facilities in Kenya. BMC Health Serv Res 20: 469.
-
29.
Manyando C , Njunju EM , D’Alessandro U , Van Geertruyden JP , 2013. Safety and efficacy of co-trimoxazole for treatment and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a systematic review. PLoS One 8: e56916.
-
30.
Ottichilo RK , Polyak CS , Guyah B , Singa B , Nyataya J , Yuhas K , John-Stewart G , Waitumbi JN , 2017. Malaria parasitemia and parasite density in antiretroviral-treated HIV-Infected Adults Following Discontinuation of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis. J Infect Dis 215: 88–94.
-
31.
Juma DW , Muiruri P , Yuhas K , John-Stewart G , Ottichilo R , Waitumbi J , Singa B , Polyak C , Kamau E , 2019. The prevalence and antifolate drug resistance profiles of Plasmodium falciparum in study participants randomized to discontinue or continue cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007223.
-
32.
Wiktor SZ et al.1999. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 353: 1469–1475.
-
33.
Cooney EL , 2002. Clinical indicators of immune restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 34: 224–233.
-
34.
Roberds A , Kifude C , Oyieko J , Ocholla S , Mutunga J , Oullo D , Waga C , Li Z , Luckhart S , Stewart VA , 2022. Longitudinal impact of asymptomatic malaria/HIV-1 co-infection on Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte transcript expression and transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12: 934641.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3800 | 776 | 52 |
| Full Text Views | 266 | 26 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 120 | 25 | 0 |
Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Analyses of Asymptomatic HIV-1/Malaria Co-infection in Kisumu County, Kenya
Janet Oyieko
Janet Oyieko
Kombewa Clinical Research Center, Kenya Medical Research Institute–U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Kisumu, Kenya;
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Nathanial K. Copeland
Nathanial K. Copeland
Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii;
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Solomon Otieno
Solomon Otieno
Kombewa Clinical Research Center, Kenya Medical Research Institute–U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Kisumu, Kenya;
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Carolyne Kifude
Carolyne Kifude
Kombewa Clinical Research Center, Kenya Medical Research Institute–U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Kisumu, Kenya;
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Stephen Ocholla
Stephen Ocholla
Kombewa Clinical Research Center, Kenya Medical Research Institute–U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Kisumu, Kenya;
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Jack Hutter
Jack Hutter
Kombewa Clinical Research Center, Kenya Medical Research Institute–U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Kisumu, Kenya;
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Hunter Smith
Hunter Smith
Kombewa Clinical Research Center, Kenya Medical Research Institute–U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate—Africa, Kisumu, Kenya;
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Ashleigh Roberds
Ashleigh Roberds
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland;
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Shirley Luckhart
Shirley Luckhart
Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho;
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
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V. Ann Stewart
V. Ann Stewart
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland;
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ABSTRACT.
Individuals infected with HIV-1 experience more frequent and more severe episodes of malaria and are likely to harbor asymptomatic parasitemia, thus potentially making them more efficient reservoirs of malaria. Two studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal) were designed in sequence between 2015–2018 and 2018–2020, respectively, to test the hypothesis that HIV-1 infected individuals have higher prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia and gametocytemia than the HIV-1 negatives. This article describes the overall design of the two studies, encompassing data for the longitudinal study and additional data to the previously published baseline data for the cross-sectional study. In the cross-sectional study, HIV-1 positive participants were significantly older, more likely to be male, and more likely to have parasitemia relative to HIV-1 negatives (P < 0.01). In the longitudinal study, 300 participants were followed for 6 months. Of these, 102 were HIV-1 negative, 106 were newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive, and 92 were HIV-1 positive and on antiretroviral therapy, including antifolates, at enrollment. Overall parasitemia positivity at enrollment was 17.3% (52/300). Of these, 44% (23/52) were HIV-1 negative, 52% (27/52) were newly diagnosed HIV-1 positives, and only 4% (2/52) were HIV-1 positive and on treatment. Parasitemia for those on stable antiretroviral therapy was significantly lower (hazard ratio: 0.51, P < 0.001), compared with the HIV-1-negatives. On follow-up, there was a significant decline in parasitemia prevalence (hazard ratio: 0.74, P < 0.001) among the HIV patients newly initiated on antiretroviral therapy including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxasole. These data highlight the impact of HIV-1 and HIV treatment on asymptomatic parasitemia over time.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01 AI104423 (to V. A. S. and S. L.).
Disclaimer: The contents, views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Mention of trade names, commercial products and organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation and/or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. The investigators have adhered to the policies for protection of human subjects as prescribed in AR 70-25.
Authors addresses: Janet Oyieko, Carolyne Kifude, Solomon Otieno, Stephen Ocholla, Jack Hutter, and Hunter Smith, Kombewa Clinical Research Center, Kenya Medical Research Institute-US Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Kisumu, Kenya, E-mails: janet.oyieko@usamru-k.org, carolyne.kifude@usamru-k.org, Solomon.otieno @usamru-k.org, stephen.ocholla@usamru-k.org, jack.hutter@usamru-k.org, and hunterjsmith11@gmail.com. Nathanial K. Copeland, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, E-mail: nathanial.k.copeland.mil@mail.mil. V. Ann Stewart and Ashleigh Roberds, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, E-mails: annstew@me.com and ashleigh.roberds@usuhs.edu. Shirley Luckhart, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, E-mail: sluckhart@uidaho.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Roberds A , Ferraro E , Luckhart S , Stewart VA , 2021. HIV-1 impact on malaria transmission: a complex and relevant global health concern. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11: 656938.
-
2.
NASCOP , 2014. Kenya Aids indicator survey 2012. Available at: https://nacc.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/KAIS-2012.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
3.
Whitworth J et al.2000. Effect of HIV-1 and increasing immunosuppression on malaria parasitaemia and clinical episodes in adults in rural Uganda: a cohort study. Lancet 356: 1051–1056.
-
4.
French N , Nakiyingi J , Lugada E , Watera C , Whitworth JA , Gilks CF , 2001. Increasing rates of malarial fever with deteriorating immune status in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults. AIDS 15: 899–906.
-
5.
Patnaik P et al.2005. Effects of HIV-1 serostatus, HIV-1 RNA concentration, and CD4 cell count on the incidence of malaria infection in a cohort of adults in rural Malawi. J Infect Dis 192: 984–991.
-
6.
Stiffler DM , Oyieko J , Kifude CM , Rockabrand DM , Luckhart S , Stewart VA , 2021. HIV-1 infection is associated with increased prevalence and abundance of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte-specific transcripts in asymptomatic adults in western Kenya. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10: 600106.
-
7.
Kifude C et al.2021. Asymptomatic falciparum and non-falciparum malarial parasitemia in adult volunteers with and without HIV-1 coinfection in a cohort study in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 105: 159–166.
-
8.
Steketee RW , Wirima JJ , Slutsker L , Breman JG , Heymann DL , 1996. Comparability of treatment groups and risk factors for parasitemia at the first antenatal clinic visit in a study of malaria treatment and prevention in pregnancy in rural Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 17–23.
-
9.
Steketee RW , Wirima JJ , Bloland PB , Chilima B , Mermin JH , Chitsulo L , Breman JG , 1996. Impairment of a pregnant woman’s acquired ability to limit Plasmodium falciparum by infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 42–49.
-
10.
Hewitt K , Steketee R , Mwapasa V , Whitworth J , French N , 2006. Interactions between HIV and malaria in non-pregnant adults: evidence and implications. AIDS 20: 1993–2004.
-
11.
Ministry of Health Kenya , 2016. Guidelines on use of antiretroviral Drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection in Kenya. Available at: https://www.prepwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Guidelines-on-ARV-for-Treating-Preventing-HIV-Infections-in-Kenya.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
12.
Ministry of Health Kenya , 2018. Guidelines on use of antiretroviral Drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection in Kenya. Available at: http://cquin.icap.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ICAP_CQUIN_Kenya-ARV-Guidelines-2018-Final_20thAug2018.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
13.
Mermin J , Ekwaru JP , Liechty CA , Were W , Downing R , Ransom R , Weidle P , Lule J , Coutinho A , Solberg P , 2006. Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy, and insecticide-treated bednets on the frequency of malaria in HIV-1-infected adults in Uganda: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 367: 1256–1261.
-
14.
Achan J et al.2012. Antiretroviral agents and prevention of malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children. N Engl J Med 367: 2110–2118.
-
15.
Sibley CH et al.2001. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: what next? Trends Parasitol 17: 582–588.
-
16.
Certain LK , Briceño M , Kiara SM , Nzila AM , Watkins WM , Sibley CH , 2008. Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum dhfr haplotypes that confer pyrimethamine resistance, Kilifi, Kenya, 1987–2006. J Infect Dis 197: 1743–1751.
-
17.
A-Elbasit IE , Elbashir MI , Khalil IF , Alifrangis M , Giha HA , 2006. The efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone and in combination with chloroquine for malaria treatment in rural Eastern Sudan: the interrelation between resistance, age and gametocytogenesis. Trop Med Int Health 11: 604–612.
-
18.
Bousema JT , Gouagna LC , Meutstege AM , Okech BE , Akim NI , Githure JI , Beier JC , Sauerwein RW , 2003. Treatment failure of pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine and induction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in children in western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 8: 427–430.
-
19.
Schneider P , Bousema T , Omar S , Gouagna L , Sawa P , Schallig H , Sauerwein R , 2006. (Sub)microscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in Kenyan children after treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine monotherapy or in combination with artesunate. Int J Parasitol 36: 403–408.
-
20.
Trott KA et al.2011. Evidence for an increased risk of transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus and malaria in a rhesus macaque coinfection model. J Virol 85: 11655–11663.
-
21.
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation , 2010. National Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Malaria in Kenya. Available at: https://www.thecompassforsbc.org/sites/default/files/project_examples/Kenya_Malaria_Tx_Guideline_2010.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
22.
NASCOP , 2008. National Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counseling. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_protect/—protrav/—ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_127533.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
23.
Dhorda M et al.2020. Research Malaria Microscopy Working Group. Towards harmonization of microscopy methods for malaria clinical research studies. Malar J 19: 324.
-
24.
Ohrt C et al.2007. Establishing a malaria diagnostics centre of excellence in Kisumu, Kenya. Malar J 6: 79.
-
25.
Torrevillas BK et al.2020. Plasmodium falciparum DHFR and DHPS Mutations Are Associated With HIV-1 Co-Infection and a Novel DHPS Mutation I504T Is Identified in Western Kenya. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10: 600112.
-
26.
Bousema T et al.2012. Mosquito feeding assays to determine the infectiousness of naturally infected Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers. PLoS One 7: e42821.
-
27.
NACC , 2018. Kenya HIV Estimates Report 2018. Available at: https://nacc.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/HIV-estimates-report-Kenya-20182.pdf. Accessed August 1, 2022.
-
28.
Kaguthi GK , Nduba V , Adam MB , 2020. The impact of the nurses’, doctors’ and clinical officer strikes on mortality in four health facilities in Kenya. BMC Health Serv Res 20: 469.
-
29.
Manyando C , Njunju EM , D’Alessandro U , Van Geertruyden JP , 2013. Safety and efficacy of co-trimoxazole for treatment and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a systematic review. PLoS One 8: e56916.
-
30.
Ottichilo RK , Polyak CS , Guyah B , Singa B , Nyataya J , Yuhas K , John-Stewart G , Waitumbi JN , 2017. Malaria parasitemia and parasite density in antiretroviral-treated HIV-Infected Adults Following Discontinuation of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis. J Infect Dis 215: 88–94.
-
31.
Juma DW , Muiruri P , Yuhas K , John-Stewart G , Ottichilo R , Waitumbi J , Singa B , Polyak C , Kamau E , 2019. The prevalence and antifolate drug resistance profiles of Plasmodium falciparum in study participants randomized to discontinue or continue cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007223.
-
32.
Wiktor SZ et al.1999. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 353: 1469–1475.
-
33.
Cooney EL , 2002. Clinical indicators of immune restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 34: 224–233.
-
34.
Roberds A , Kifude C , Oyieko J , Ocholla S , Mutunga J , Oullo D , Waga C , Li Z , Luckhart S , Stewart VA , 2022. Longitudinal impact of asymptomatic malaria/HIV-1 co-infection on Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte transcript expression and transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12: 934641.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3800 | 776 | 52 |
| Full Text Views | 266 | 26 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 120 | 25 | 0 |