ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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1.
Miller LH , Su X , 2011. Artemisinin: discovery from the Chinese herbal garden. Cell 146: 855–858.
-
2.
Linnaeus C , 1735. Dissertatio Medica Inauguralis in qua Exhibetur Hypothesis Nova de Febrium Intermittentium Causa. Hardenovici (Netherlands): Apud Hæred. Joh. Rampen.
-
3.
Aydin-Schmidt B , Thorsell W , Wahlgren M , 2010. Carolus Linnaeus, the ash, worm-wood and other anti-malarial plants. Scand J Infect Dis 42: 941–942.
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4.
Haggis AW , 1941. Fundamental errors in the early history of cinchona. Bull Hist Med 10: 568–592.
-
5.
Bailetti A , 2013. La Misión del Jesuita Agustín Salumbrino, la Malaria y el Árbol de Quina; Capítulo 10: La Condesa de Chinchon. Available at: http://lamalariayelarboldequina.blogspot.com/2013/11/capitulo-9-proximamente.html. Accessed August 16, 2022.
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6.
Guerra F , 1977. The introduction of cinchona in the treatment of malaria: part I. J Trop Med Hyg 80: 112–118.
-
7.
Crespo FIO , 1995. Fragoso, monardes and pre-chinchonian knowledge of cinchona. Arch Nat Hist 22: 169–181.
-
8.
Crawford MJ , 2016. The Andean Wonder Drug: Cinchona Bark and Imperial Science in the Spanish Atlantic, 1630–1800. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh Press
-
9.
Klaiber J , SJ , 2004. The Jesuit in Latin America: Legacy and Current Emphasis. Int Bull Mission Res 28: 63–66.
-
10.
Rodrigues PT et al., 2018. Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World. Sci Rep 8: 1993.
-
11.
Duthurburu JAB , 2001. Breve Historia de los Negros del Perú. Lima, Peru: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Peru.
-
12.
Bailetti A , 2013. La Misión del Jesuita Agustín Salumbrino, la Malaria y el Árbol de Quina: Capítulo 7: La Malaria en Lima. Available at: http://lamalariayelarboldequina.blogspot.com/2013/10/capitulo-6-la-ruta-de-los-esclavos.html. Accessed August 16, 2022.
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13.
Calancha Adl , 1638. Moralized Chronicle of the Order of St. Augustine in Peru: With Events That Occurred in This Monarchy .Barcelona, Spain: Pedro Lacavalleria, en la calle de la Libreria. p. 59.
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14.
de Heredia GC , 1663. Illustrations and Practical Observations of the Medical Court: The Gold Book on Easily Prepared Medicines Is Added. Antwerpiae (Belgium): Apud Iacobum Meurs.
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15.
Rocco F , 2004. The Miraculous Fever-Tree: The Cure That Changed the World. London: HarperCollins.
-
16.
Bueno MR , 2015. Pamphlet wars around quinine: unpublished documentation (1638–1705). Pecia Complutense 12: 21–34.
-
17.
de Sobremonte Ramirez GB , 1669. Dr. Medico Gaspare Bravo de Sobremonte Ramirez, Apologetic Argument in Favor of the Excellence of Dogmatic Medicine and the Dignity of All Sciences and Arts, from the Decrees of All Literature .Lugduni (Leida, Netherlands): Sumpt[ibus] Petri Chevalier.
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18.
Garzes DS , 1679. Medical Stations, in Which, for Greater Confirmation of the Doctrine of Apologetic Discourse, by Which It Is Proved That Quarango Powders Should Be Used for Tertian & Quartan Fever: Some Acute Notes of a Learned Sevillian Physician Are Espied; Author Is Said to Be of a Manifesto of the Falsehoods, Which against the Sevillian Practice Are Opposed before the Court of Apollo, & c.: And Together Some Notes against the Said Manifesto Are Demonstrated .En Sevilla (Spain): Por Thomas Lopez de Hari. p. 2.
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19.
Honigsbaum M , Wilcox M , Willcox M , Bodeker G & Rasanavo P Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 21–42.
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20.
Jarcho STF , 1993. Quinine’s Predecessor: Francesco Torti and the Early History of Cinchona. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
-
21.
Gachelin G , Garner P , Ferroni E , Trohler U , Chalmers I , 2017. Evaluating cinchona bark and quinine for treating and preventing malaria. J R Soc Med 110: 73–82.
-
22.
Jaramillo-Arango J , 2008. A critical review of the basic facts in the history of cinchona. Bot J Linn Soc 53: 272–311.
-
23.
De Angelis P , 1954. The Apothecary’s Shop of the Arcispedale di Santo Spirito in Saxia: And the Fight against Malaria, in the III Centenary of the Birth of Giovanni Maria Lancisi, Year 1654–1954 .Rome, Italy: Tipografia Coluzza.
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Canezza A , 1932. The Third Centenary of Cinchona Bark in Rome (1632–1932), 591–598 .Rome, Italy: Capitolivm.
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Rompel J , 1910. Jesuit’s Bark: The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Robert Appleton Co.
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Maehle AH , 1999. Drugs on Trial: Experimental Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation in the Eighteenth Century. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Rodopi.
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Chifletus J-J , 1653. Pulvis febrifugus orbis Americani . . . ventilatus ratione, experientia, auctoritate. Brussels, Belgium: Lovanii.
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Haggis AW , 1941. Fundamental errors in the early history of cinchona: part I. Bull Hist Med 10: 417–459.
-
29.
Fabri H , 1655. Peruvian Powder Claimed by the “Sifter” and Suspected Defense of the Same by Antimo Conygio at the Urging of Germano Policonium Febrifuge Powder Ventilated by Giangiacomo Chifletio .Romae: Typis Heredum Corbelletti.
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Canezza A , 1925. Jesuit Powder: Historial Notes on the Discovery and Spread of Cinchona. Rome, Italy: Fides Romana. p. 11
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Bado S , 1663. Defense of Anastasio Cortici of Peru, Defense of Sebastiano Badi of Genoa, Once Physicians of Both Patrii Nosocomas, and of the Consultorio of Public Health, against the Ventilations of Giangiacomo Chifleti, and Lament of Vopisco Fortunato Pemplio of the Illustrious Physicians, a Work Divided into Three Books, and in Them Documents of Medicine and Philosophy. Genoa, Italy: Typis Petri Calenzani.
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Pescetto GB , 1846. Biographies of Ligurian Physicians, 273–285. Genova, Italy: Tipografia del R.I. Sordomuti.
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Guttmann P , Ehrlich P , 1891. Ueber die Wirkung des Methylenblau bei Malaria. Available at: https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=051547e1-2c6c-48ef-944f-50cbe55d3b46. Accessed August 16, 2022.
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Schulemann W , 1932. Synthetic anti-malarial preparations. Proc R Soc Med 25: 897–905.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 7006 | 2516 | 144 |
| Full Text Views | 492 | 119 | 17 |
| PDF Downloads | 268 | 45 | 1 |
What Historical Records Teach Us about the Discovery of Quinine
Louis H. Miller
Louis H. Miller
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;
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Jesus Rojas-Jaimes
Jesus Rojas-Jaimes
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru;
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Leanne M. Low
Leanne M. Low
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;
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Gilberto Corbellini
Gilberto Corbellini
Museum of History of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy
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ABSTRACT.
The origin of quinine from Peru remains a mystery because of the lack of primary data—in particular, those produced by the Jesuits working in Peru. The discovery of cinchona bark and its use in malaria treatment must have come from the Jesuits, who worked with the native Andeans, the Quichuan people, and learned how the bark of the cinchona tree could be used for chills. Unknown is whether the Andean people used it for fever that may have been the result of malaria. We explored the literature of the 1600s, 1700s, and later to trace the history of quinine that is available. All these secondary sources lack the primary data of the Jesuits in their work with native Andeans, nor is there information on how the discovery of its use for malaria-like fevers came about. One clue comes from the Jesuits who talked with the Andean people and learned about quinine. But was it used for fever? Why did the Jesuits test it against (tertian or quartan) fevers that could have been the result of malaria? The gap in our knowledge can only be resolved with the discovery of written documents by the Jesuits about quinine for malaria.
Author Notes
Financial support: L. H. M. and L. M. L. were supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH.
Authors’ addresses: Louis H. Miller and Leanne M. Low, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, E-mails: louis.miller@nih.gov and leanne.low@nih.gov. Jesus Rojas-Jaimes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru, E-mail: jesus.rojas.jaimes@gmail.com. Gilberto Corbellini, Museum of History of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy, E-mail: gilberto.corbellini@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Miller LH , Su X , 2011. Artemisinin: discovery from the Chinese herbal garden. Cell 146: 855–858.
-
2.
Linnaeus C , 1735. Dissertatio Medica Inauguralis in qua Exhibetur Hypothesis Nova de Febrium Intermittentium Causa. Hardenovici (Netherlands): Apud Hæred. Joh. Rampen.
-
3.
Aydin-Schmidt B , Thorsell W , Wahlgren M , 2010. Carolus Linnaeus, the ash, worm-wood and other anti-malarial plants. Scand J Infect Dis 42: 941–942.
-
4.
Haggis AW , 1941. Fundamental errors in the early history of cinchona. Bull Hist Med 10: 568–592.
-
5.
Bailetti A , 2013. La Misión del Jesuita Agustín Salumbrino, la Malaria y el Árbol de Quina; Capítulo 10: La Condesa de Chinchon. Available at: http://lamalariayelarboldequina.blogspot.com/2013/11/capitulo-9-proximamente.html. Accessed August 16, 2022.
-
6.
Guerra F , 1977. The introduction of cinchona in the treatment of malaria: part I. J Trop Med Hyg 80: 112–118.
-
7.
Crespo FIO , 1995. Fragoso, monardes and pre-chinchonian knowledge of cinchona. Arch Nat Hist 22: 169–181.
-
8.
Crawford MJ , 2016. The Andean Wonder Drug: Cinchona Bark and Imperial Science in the Spanish Atlantic, 1630–1800. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh Press
-
9.
Klaiber J , SJ , 2004. The Jesuit in Latin America: Legacy and Current Emphasis. Int Bull Mission Res 28: 63–66.
-
10.
Rodrigues PT et al., 2018. Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World. Sci Rep 8: 1993.
-
11.
Duthurburu JAB , 2001. Breve Historia de los Negros del Perú. Lima, Peru: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Peru.
-
12.
Bailetti A , 2013. La Misión del Jesuita Agustín Salumbrino, la Malaria y el Árbol de Quina: Capítulo 7: La Malaria en Lima. Available at: http://lamalariayelarboldequina.blogspot.com/2013/10/capitulo-6-la-ruta-de-los-esclavos.html. Accessed August 16, 2022.
-
13.
Calancha Adl , 1638. Moralized Chronicle of the Order of St. Augustine in Peru: With Events That Occurred in This Monarchy .Barcelona, Spain: Pedro Lacavalleria, en la calle de la Libreria. p. 59.
-
14.
de Heredia GC , 1663. Illustrations and Practical Observations of the Medical Court: The Gold Book on Easily Prepared Medicines Is Added. Antwerpiae (Belgium): Apud Iacobum Meurs.
-
15.
Rocco F , 2004. The Miraculous Fever-Tree: The Cure That Changed the World. London: HarperCollins.
-
16.
Bueno MR , 2015. Pamphlet wars around quinine: unpublished documentation (1638–1705). Pecia Complutense 12: 21–34.
-
17.
de Sobremonte Ramirez GB , 1669. Dr. Medico Gaspare Bravo de Sobremonte Ramirez, Apologetic Argument in Favor of the Excellence of Dogmatic Medicine and the Dignity of All Sciences and Arts, from the Decrees of All Literature .Lugduni (Leida, Netherlands): Sumpt[ibus] Petri Chevalier.
-
18.
Garzes DS , 1679. Medical Stations, in Which, for Greater Confirmation of the Doctrine of Apologetic Discourse, by Which It Is Proved That Quarango Powders Should Be Used for Tertian & Quartan Fever: Some Acute Notes of a Learned Sevillian Physician Are Espied; Author Is Said to Be of a Manifesto of the Falsehoods, Which against the Sevillian Practice Are Opposed before the Court of Apollo, & c.: And Together Some Notes against the Said Manifesto Are Demonstrated .En Sevilla (Spain): Por Thomas Lopez de Hari. p. 2.
-
19.
Honigsbaum M , Wilcox M , Willcox M , Bodeker G & Rasanavo P Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 21–42.
-
20.
Jarcho STF , 1993. Quinine’s Predecessor: Francesco Torti and the Early History of Cinchona. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
-
21.
Gachelin G , Garner P , Ferroni E , Trohler U , Chalmers I , 2017. Evaluating cinchona bark and quinine for treating and preventing malaria. J R Soc Med 110: 73–82.
-
22.
Jaramillo-Arango J , 2008. A critical review of the basic facts in the history of cinchona. Bot J Linn Soc 53: 272–311.
-
23.
De Angelis P , 1954. The Apothecary’s Shop of the Arcispedale di Santo Spirito in Saxia: And the Fight against Malaria, in the III Centenary of the Birth of Giovanni Maria Lancisi, Year 1654–1954 .Rome, Italy: Tipografia Coluzza.
-
24.
Canezza A , 1932. The Third Centenary of Cinchona Bark in Rome (1632–1932), 591–598 .Rome, Italy: Capitolivm.
-
25.
Rompel J , 1910. Jesuit’s Bark: The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Robert Appleton Co.
-
26.
Maehle AH , 1999. Drugs on Trial: Experimental Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation in the Eighteenth Century. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Rodopi.
-
27.
Chifletus J-J , 1653. Pulvis febrifugus orbis Americani . . . ventilatus ratione, experientia, auctoritate. Brussels, Belgium: Lovanii.
-
28.
Haggis AW , 1941. Fundamental errors in the early history of cinchona: part I. Bull Hist Med 10: 417–459.
-
29.
Fabri H , 1655. Peruvian Powder Claimed by the “Sifter” and Suspected Defense of the Same by Antimo Conygio at the Urging of Germano Policonium Febrifuge Powder Ventilated by Giangiacomo Chifletio .Romae: Typis Heredum Corbelletti.
-
30.
Canezza A , 1925. Jesuit Powder: Historial Notes on the Discovery and Spread of Cinchona. Rome, Italy: Fides Romana. p. 11
-
31.
Bado S , 1663. Defense of Anastasio Cortici of Peru, Defense of Sebastiano Badi of Genoa, Once Physicians of Both Patrii Nosocomas, and of the Consultorio of Public Health, against the Ventilations of Giangiacomo Chifleti, and Lament of Vopisco Fortunato Pemplio of the Illustrious Physicians, a Work Divided into Three Books, and in Them Documents of Medicine and Philosophy. Genoa, Italy: Typis Petri Calenzani.
-
32.
Pescetto GB , 1846. Biographies of Ligurian Physicians, 273–285. Genova, Italy: Tipografia del R.I. Sordomuti.
-
33.
Guttmann P , Ehrlich P , 1891. Ueber die Wirkung des Methylenblau bei Malaria. Available at: https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=051547e1-2c6c-48ef-944f-50cbe55d3b46. Accessed August 16, 2022.
-
34.
Schulemann W , 1932. Synthetic anti-malarial preparations. Proc R Soc Med 25: 897–905.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 7006 | 2516 | 144 |
| Full Text Views | 492 | 119 | 17 |
| PDF Downloads | 268 | 45 | 1 |