Tuon FF , Neto VA , Amato VS , 2008. Leishmania: origin, evolution and future since the Precambrian. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 54: 158–166.
Seixas Duarte MI , Tuon FF , Pagliari C , Kauffman MR , Brasil RA , 2008. Human visceral leishmaniasis expresses Th1 pattern in situ liver lesions. J Infect 57: 332–337.
Tuon FF , Sabbaga Amato V , Floeter-Winter LM , de Andrade Zampieri R , Amato Neto V , Siqueira Franca FO , Shikanai-Yasuda MA , 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis reactivation 2 years after treatment caused by systemic corticosteroids—first report. Int J Dermatol 46: 628–630.
Friedman B , Cronstein B , 2019. Methotrexate mechanism in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 86: 301–307.
Loarce-Martos J , Garrote-Corral S , Gioia F , Bachiller-Corral J , 2019. Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. Reumatol Clin 15: e130–e132 (Engl Ed).
Trigkidis K , Geladari E , Kokkinakis E , Vallianou N , 2017. Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing treatment with methotrexate: case report and review of the literature. Eur J Rheumatol 4: 139–141.
Hadjipetrou A , Anyfantakis D , Gkogkou A , Palla K , Lagoudaki E , Milonaki T , Kastanakis S , 2014. Visceral leishmaniasis in a psoriatic arthritis patient treated with methotrexate. Infez Med 22: 230–235.
Graca GC , Volpini AC , Romero GA , Oliveira Neto MP , Hueb M , Porrozzi R , Boite MC , Cupolillo E , 2012. Development and validation of PCR-based assays for diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and identification of the parasite species. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 107: 664–674.
Maia de Souza R , Ruedas Martins RC , Moyses Franco LA , Tuon FF , de Oliveira IG Junior , Maia da Silva CA , Imamura R , Amato VS , 2022. Identification of Leishmania species by next generation sequencing of hsp70 gene. Mol Cell Probes 61: 101791.
Saitou N , Nei M , 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4: 406–425.
Costa D , Bermudi PMM , Rodas LAC , Nunes CM , Hiramoto RM , Tolezano JE , Cipriano RS , Cardoso GCD , Codeco CT , Chiaravalloti Neto F , 2018. Human visceral leishmaniasis and relationship with vector and canine control measures. Rev Saude Publica 52: 92.
Salam MA , Khan MG , Bhaskar KR , Afrad MH , Huda MM , Mondal D , 2012. Peripheral blood buffy coat smear: a promising tool for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 50: 837–840.
Amato VS et al.2009. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction on paraffin-embedded material improve the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region. Int J Dermatol 48: 1091–1095.
Tuon FF , Amato VS , Bacha HA , Almusawi T , Duarte MI , Amato Neto V , 2008. Toll-like receptors and leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 76: 866–872.
Tuon FF , Fernandes ER , Duarte MI , Amato VS , 2010. The expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in the epidermis of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Dermatol Sci 59: 55–57.
Crowe A , Slavin J , Stark D , Aboltins C , 2014. A case of imported Leishmania infantum cutaneous leishmaniasis; an unusual presentation occurring 19 years after travel. BMC Infect Dis 14: 597.
Tuon FF , Amato VS , Graf ME , Siqueira AM , Nicodemo AC , Amato Neto V , 2008. Treatment of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis—a systematic review with a meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol 47: 109–124.
Amato VS , Tuon FF , Camargo RA , Souza RM , Santos CR , Nicodemo AC , 2011. Can we use a lower dose of liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of mucosal American leishmaniasis? Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 818–819.
Blanco FJ , Ballina J , Carbonell J , Martin-Mola E , Tornero J , Ramirez E , Galvan J , 2011. Descriptive study of the use of DMARD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or persistent arthritis who start drug treatment in Spain (FIRST). Reumatol Clin 7: 88–93.
Reina D , Cerda D , Guell E , Martinez Montauti J , Pineda A , Corominas H , 2017. Visceral leishmaniasis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient receiving methotrexate. Reumatol Clin 13: 354–356.
Conter CC , Neitzke-Abreu HC , Pedroso RB , Lonardoni MV , Silveira TG , Aristides SM , 2015. Detection of Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in leucocytes from the blood of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 48: 626–628.
van Griensven J , Diro E , 2019. Visceral leishmaniasis: recent advances in diagnostics and treatment regimens. Infect Dis Clin North Am 33: 79–99.
Martinez P , de la Vega E , Laguna F , Soriano V , Puente S , Moreno V , Sentchordi MJ , Garcia-Aguado C , Gonzalez-Lahoz J , 1993. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected individuals using peripheral blood smears. AIDS 7: 227–230.
Venazzi EA , Roberto AC , Barbosa-Tessmann IP , Zanzarini PD , Lonardoni MV , Silveira TG , 2007. Detection of Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in blood from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 115: 399–402.
Souza RM , Andrade HFJ , Duarte MI , Braz LM , Schubach AO , Silva FC , Amato VS , 2017. Reactivation of cutaneous and mucocutaneous tegumentary leishmaniasis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: an emerging problem? Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 59: e6.
Vardy DA , Cohen A , Kachko L , Zvulunov A , Frankenburg S , 1999. Relapse of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with an infected subcutaneous rheumatoid nodule. Br J Dermatol 141: 914–917.
Bacha HA , Tuon FF , Zampieri RA , Floeter-Winter LM , Oliveira J , Nicodemo AC , Quiroga MM , Mascheretti M , Boulos M , Amato VS , 2011. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis identification by PCR in the state of Para, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 173–178.
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The immunosuppressive effect of methotrexate has rarely been associated with reactivation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here we present a case of a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient with atypical clinical symptoms without splenomegaly but with cutaneous manifestations after treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate and blood recovery of the parasite. Next-generation sequencing was used to identify Leishmania infantum chagasi in the patient’s blood sample.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Authors’ addresses: Valdir Sabbaga Amato, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - jardim América São Paulo -SP, Brazil CEP 05403-000, E-mail: amato14@hotmail.com. Regina Maia de Souza, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - jardim América São Paulo -SP, Brazil CEP 05403-000, E-mail: regina.maia@hc.fm.usp.br. Lucas Augusto Moyses Franco, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - jardim América São Paulo -SP, Brazil CEP 05403-000, E-mail: lucasamfranco@hotmail.com. Roberta Cristina Ruedas Martins, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - jardim América São Paulo -SP, Brazil CEP 05403-000, E-mail: betacristina@gmail.com. Camila Alves Maia da Silva, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - jardim América São Paulo -SP, Brazil CEP 05403-000, E-mail: alvescamaia@gmail.com. Christini Takemi Emori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - jardim América São Paulo -SP, Brazil CEP 05403-000, E-mail: christinisp@yahoo.com.br. Beatriz Julieta Celeste, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - jardim América São Paulo -SP, Brazil CEP 05403-000, E-mail: bjcelest@usp.br. Gabriel Victor Castanheira, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Avenida Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - jardim América São Paulo -SP, Brazil CEP 05403-000, E-mail: gabriel.castanheira1996@gmail.com. Felipe Francisco Tuon, Rua Joao Pontoni 149, sl403. Curitiba, Brazil CEP 80050-490, E-mail: felipe.tuon@pucpr.br.
Tuon FF , Neto VA , Amato VS , 2008. Leishmania: origin, evolution and future since the Precambrian. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 54: 158–166.
Seixas Duarte MI , Tuon FF , Pagliari C , Kauffman MR , Brasil RA , 2008. Human visceral leishmaniasis expresses Th1 pattern in situ liver lesions. J Infect 57: 332–337.
Tuon FF , Sabbaga Amato V , Floeter-Winter LM , de Andrade Zampieri R , Amato Neto V , Siqueira Franca FO , Shikanai-Yasuda MA , 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis reactivation 2 years after treatment caused by systemic corticosteroids—first report. Int J Dermatol 46: 628–630.
Friedman B , Cronstein B , 2019. Methotrexate mechanism in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 86: 301–307.
Loarce-Martos J , Garrote-Corral S , Gioia F , Bachiller-Corral J , 2019. Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. Reumatol Clin 15: e130–e132 (Engl Ed).
Trigkidis K , Geladari E , Kokkinakis E , Vallianou N , 2017. Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing treatment with methotrexate: case report and review of the literature. Eur J Rheumatol 4: 139–141.
Hadjipetrou A , Anyfantakis D , Gkogkou A , Palla K , Lagoudaki E , Milonaki T , Kastanakis S , 2014. Visceral leishmaniasis in a psoriatic arthritis patient treated with methotrexate. Infez Med 22: 230–235.
Graca GC , Volpini AC , Romero GA , Oliveira Neto MP , Hueb M , Porrozzi R , Boite MC , Cupolillo E , 2012. Development and validation of PCR-based assays for diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and identification of the parasite species. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 107: 664–674.
Maia de Souza R , Ruedas Martins RC , Moyses Franco LA , Tuon FF , de Oliveira IG Junior , Maia da Silva CA , Imamura R , Amato VS , 2022. Identification of Leishmania species by next generation sequencing of hsp70 gene. Mol Cell Probes 61: 101791.
Saitou N , Nei M , 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4: 406–425.
Costa D , Bermudi PMM , Rodas LAC , Nunes CM , Hiramoto RM , Tolezano JE , Cipriano RS , Cardoso GCD , Codeco CT , Chiaravalloti Neto F , 2018. Human visceral leishmaniasis and relationship with vector and canine control measures. Rev Saude Publica 52: 92.
Salam MA , Khan MG , Bhaskar KR , Afrad MH , Huda MM , Mondal D , 2012. Peripheral blood buffy coat smear: a promising tool for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 50: 837–840.
Amato VS et al.2009. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction on paraffin-embedded material improve the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region. Int J Dermatol 48: 1091–1095.
Tuon FF , Amato VS , Bacha HA , Almusawi T , Duarte MI , Amato Neto V , 2008. Toll-like receptors and leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 76: 866–872.
Tuon FF , Fernandes ER , Duarte MI , Amato VS , 2010. The expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in the epidermis of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Dermatol Sci 59: 55–57.
Crowe A , Slavin J , Stark D , Aboltins C , 2014. A case of imported Leishmania infantum cutaneous leishmaniasis; an unusual presentation occurring 19 years after travel. BMC Infect Dis 14: 597.
Tuon FF , Amato VS , Graf ME , Siqueira AM , Nicodemo AC , Amato Neto V , 2008. Treatment of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis—a systematic review with a meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol 47: 109–124.
Amato VS , Tuon FF , Camargo RA , Souza RM , Santos CR , Nicodemo AC , 2011. Can we use a lower dose of liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of mucosal American leishmaniasis? Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 818–819.
Blanco FJ , Ballina J , Carbonell J , Martin-Mola E , Tornero J , Ramirez E , Galvan J , 2011. Descriptive study of the use of DMARD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or persistent arthritis who start drug treatment in Spain (FIRST). Reumatol Clin 7: 88–93.
Reina D , Cerda D , Guell E , Martinez Montauti J , Pineda A , Corominas H , 2017. Visceral leishmaniasis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient receiving methotrexate. Reumatol Clin 13: 354–356.
Conter CC , Neitzke-Abreu HC , Pedroso RB , Lonardoni MV , Silveira TG , Aristides SM , 2015. Detection of Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in leucocytes from the blood of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 48: 626–628.
van Griensven J , Diro E , 2019. Visceral leishmaniasis: recent advances in diagnostics and treatment regimens. Infect Dis Clin North Am 33: 79–99.
Martinez P , de la Vega E , Laguna F , Soriano V , Puente S , Moreno V , Sentchordi MJ , Garcia-Aguado C , Gonzalez-Lahoz J , 1993. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected individuals using peripheral blood smears. AIDS 7: 227–230.
Venazzi EA , Roberto AC , Barbosa-Tessmann IP , Zanzarini PD , Lonardoni MV , Silveira TG , 2007. Detection of Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in blood from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 115: 399–402.
Souza RM , Andrade HFJ , Duarte MI , Braz LM , Schubach AO , Silva FC , Amato VS , 2017. Reactivation of cutaneous and mucocutaneous tegumentary leishmaniasis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: an emerging problem? Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 59: e6.
Vardy DA , Cohen A , Kachko L , Zvulunov A , Frankenburg S , 1999. Relapse of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with an infected subcutaneous rheumatoid nodule. Br J Dermatol 141: 914–917.
Bacha HA , Tuon FF , Zampieri RA , Floeter-Winter LM , Oliveira J , Nicodemo AC , Quiroga MM , Mascheretti M , Boulos M , Amato VS , 2011. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis identification by PCR in the state of Para, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 173–178.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 15129 | 1007 | 84 |
Full Text Views | 337 | 12 | 3 |
PDF Downloads | 184 | 15 | 2 |