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1.
WHO, 2019. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division: executive summary. Sex Reprod Heal 2019: 1–12. Available at: https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal-mortality-2000-2017/en/.
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2.
Golding N et al., 2017. Mapping under-5 and neonatal mortality in Africa, 2000–15: a baseline analysis for the sustainable development goals. Lancet 390: 2171–2182.
-
3.
UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation , 2021. Afghanistan: Under-Five Mortality Rate: Total. Available at: https://childmortality.org/data. Accessed May 4, 2022.
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4.
Matt B , Kiendrébéogo JA , Kafando Y , Tapsoba C , Straubinger S , Metangmo P-M , 2020. Présentation de la Politique de Gratuité au Burkina Faso. pp. 1–75. Available at: https://thinkwell.global/projects/sp4phc/.
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5.
Rakha MA et al., 2013. Does implementation of the IMCI strategy have an impact on child mortality? A retrospective analysis of routine data from Egypt. BMJ Open 3: 1–9.
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6.
Nguyen DTK , Leung KK , McIntyre L , Ghali WA , Sauve R , 2013. Does Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) training improve the skills of health workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 8.
-
7.
Kouanda L , Baguiya A , 2013. Evaluation de la Qualite des Soins Prodigues aux Enfants de Moins de Cinq (05) Ans dans les Formations Sanitaires des Regions du Nord et du Centre-Nord du Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA.
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Ministère de la Santé, Direction Générale de la Santé de la Famille, Direction de la Sante de la Mère et de l’Enfant, 2013. Evaluation de la Mise en Oeuvre du Plan de Couverture PCIME 2005–2010 du Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou.
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9.
Sarrassat S , Lewis JJ , Some AS , Somda S , Cousens S , Blanchet K , 2021. An Integrated eDiagnosis Approach (IeDA) versus standard IMCI for assessing and managing childhood illness in Burkina Faso: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. BMC Health Serv Res 21: 354.
-
10.
Ouédraogo M , Rouamba T , Samadoulougou S , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F , 2020. Effect of free healthcare policy for children under five years old on the incidence of reported Malaria cases in Burkina Faso by Bayesian modelling: “not only the ears but also the head of the hippopotamus.” Int J Environ Res Public Health 17: 417.
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11.
Direction Générale des études et des Statistiques Sectorielles, Ministere de la Sante, 2020. Annuaire Statistiques 2019. Ouagadougou.
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Ridde V , Yaméogo P , 2018. How Burkina Faso used evidence in deciding to launch its policy of free healthcare for children under five and women in 2016. Palgrave Commun 4: 119.
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13.
Tawfiq E , Alawi SAS , Natiq K , 2020. Effects of training health workers in integrated management of childhood illness on quality of care for under-5 children in primary healthcare facilities in Afghanistan. Int J Heal Policy Manag 9: 17–26.
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14.
Bernasconi A , Crabbé F , Raab M , Rossi R , 2018. Can the use of digital algorithms improve quality care? An example from Afghanistan. PLoS One 13: 1–12.
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15.
Mitchell M , Getchell M , Nkaka M , Msellemu D , Van Esch J , Hedt-Gauthier B , 2012. Perceived improvement in integrated management of childhood illness implementation through use of mobile technology: qualitative evidence from a pilot study in Tanzania. J Health Commun 17: 118–127.
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16.
Mitchell M , Hedt-Gauthier BL , Msellemu D , Nkaka M , Lesh N , 2013. Using electronic technology to improve clinical care: results from a before–after cluster trial to evaluate assessment and classification of sick children according to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) protocol in Tanzania. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 13: 95.
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17.
Izudi J , Anyigu S , Ndungutse D , 2017. Adherence to Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses Guideline in treating south Sudanese children with cough or difficulty in breathing. Int J Pediatr 2017: 1–7.
-
18.
El-Ayady AA , Meleis DE , Ahmed MM , Ismaiel RS , 2015. Primary health care physicians’ adherence and attitude towards Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines in Alexandria governorate in Egypt. Glob J Health Sci 8: 217–224.
-
19.
Krüger C , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M , Ali M , 2017. Adherence to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines in Namibia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda: evidence from the national service provision assessment surveys. BMC Health Serv Res 17: 1–12.
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20.
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21.
Horwood C , Vermaak K , Rollins N , Haskins L , Nkosi P , Qazi S , 2009. An evaluation of the quality of IMCI assessments among IMCI trained health workers in South Africa. PLoS One 4: 2–7.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 8869 | 1653 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 141 | 87 | 13 |
| PDF Downloads | 78 | 47 | 2 |
Evaluation of Adherence of Health-Care Workers to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guidelines in the Context of the Free Care Program in Burkina Faso
Hervé B. N. Kpoda
Hervé B. N. Kpoda
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Satouro Arsène Somé
Satouro Arsène Somé
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Manituo Aymar Serge Somda
Manituo Aymar Serge Somda
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
Unite de Formation et de Recherche Sciences et Technique/Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;
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Unite de Formation et de Recherche Sciences et Technique/Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;
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Mimbouré Yara
Mimbouré Yara
Observatoire National de la Santé de la Population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Bernard Eric Agodio Dabone
Bernard Eric Agodio Dabone
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Patrick Ilboudo
Patrick Ilboudo
African Population and Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya;
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Richard Bakyono
Richard Bakyono
Observatoire National de la Santé de la Population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Soumeya Ouangraoua
Soumeya Ouangraoua
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Ali Sie
Ali Sie
Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Elie Kabré
Elie Kabré
Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;
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Clément Meda
Clément Meda
Unite de Formation et de Recherche Sciences et Technique/Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;
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Emmanuelle Sempore
Emmanuelle Sempore
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Seydou Yaro
Seydou Yaro
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Imelda Simboro
Imelda Simboro
Observatoire National de la Santé de la Population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Leticia Sakana
Leticia Sakana
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Institut National de Sante Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Alain Hien
Alain Hien
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Herman Bazie
Herman Bazie
Observatoire National de la Santé de la Population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Hermamn Badolo
Hermamn Badolo
Observatoire National de la Santé de la Population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Bernard Ilboudo
Bernard Ilboudo
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Souleymane Sanon
Souleymane Sanon
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Institut National de Sante Publique, Burkina Faso;
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Nicolas Meda
Nicolas Meda
Unite de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Santé/Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;
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Hervé Hien
Hervé Hien
Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso;
Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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ABSTRACT.
To reduce child mortality in children younger than 5 years, Burkina Faso has been offering free care to this population of children since 2016. The free care program is aligned with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines. Given that the number of studies that evaluated the competence of health-care workers (HCWs) during the free care program was limited, we assessed the adherence level of HCWs to the IMCI guidelines in the context of free care. This was a secondary data analysis. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted from July to September 2020 in 40 primary health-care centers and two district hospitals in the Hauts-Bassins region in Burkina Faso. Our analysis included 419 children younger than 5 years old who were consulted according to IMCI guidelines. Data were collected through direct observation using a checklist. The overall score of adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines was 57.8% (95% CI, 42.6–73.0). The mean adherence score of the evaluation of danger signs was 71.9% (95% CI, 58.7–85.1). The mean adherence score of following IMCI guidelines was significantly greater in boys (54.2%) compared with girls (44.6%; P < 0.001). Adherence scores of the performance of different IMCI tasks were significantly different across HCW categories. The overall adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines in the context of free care was greater than the adherence reported before the implementation of free care in Burkina Faso. However, this assessment needs to be performed nationwide to capture the overall adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines in the context of the free care program.
Author Notes
Deceased.
Financial support: This study was funded by the European Union through the PAASME project.
Authors’ addresses: Hervé B. N. Kpoda, Satouro Arsène Somé, Manituo Aymar Serge Somda, Bernard Eric Agodio Dabone, Soumeya Ouangraoua, Emmanuelle Sempore, Leticia Sakana, Alain Hien, Bernard Ilboudo, and Souleymane Sanon, Centre Muraz de Bobo-Dioulasso, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso, E-mails: kpodaherve@yahoo.fr, satourosome2011@gmail.com, manituo@gmail.com, agdabone6.1@gmail.com, meya_4@yahoo.fr, emmasempore@hotmail.fr, letisakana@yahoo.fr, alain.hien1@gmail.com, bernardilboudo@gmail.com, and sanonsouros@gmail.com. Mimbouré Yara, Richard Bakyono, Imelda Simboro, Herman Bazie, and Hermamn Badolo, Observatoire National de la Santé de la Population, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso, E-mails: dmsy2014@gmail.com, drbakyono@yahoo.fr, imeldasimboro1@yahoo.com, bazieherm@gmail.com, and badholobi@gmail.com. Patrick Ilboudo, African Population and Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: ipatrickgc@gmail.com. Ali Sie, Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Institut National de Santé Publique, Burkina Faso, E-mail: sieali@yahoo.fr. Elie Kabré, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, E-mail: elie.kabre@gmail.com. Clément Meda, UFR Sciences et Technique/Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, E-mail: drbakyono@yahoo.fr. Nicolas Meda, UFR Sciences de la Santé/Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, E-mail: meda_nicolas@yahoo.fr. Hervé Hien, Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé/CNRST, Ouagadougou; Burkina Faso, E-mail: hien_herve@hotmail.com.
ProCite
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
WHO, 2019. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division: executive summary. Sex Reprod Heal 2019: 1–12. Available at: https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal-mortality-2000-2017/en/.
-
2.
Golding N et al., 2017. Mapping under-5 and neonatal mortality in Africa, 2000–15: a baseline analysis for the sustainable development goals. Lancet 390: 2171–2182.
-
3.
UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation , 2021. Afghanistan: Under-Five Mortality Rate: Total. Available at: https://childmortality.org/data. Accessed May 4, 2022.
-
4.
Matt B , Kiendrébéogo JA , Kafando Y , Tapsoba C , Straubinger S , Metangmo P-M , 2020. Présentation de la Politique de Gratuité au Burkina Faso. pp. 1–75. Available at: https://thinkwell.global/projects/sp4phc/.
-
5.
Rakha MA et al., 2013. Does implementation of the IMCI strategy have an impact on child mortality? A retrospective analysis of routine data from Egypt. BMJ Open 3: 1–9.
-
6.
Nguyen DTK , Leung KK , McIntyre L , Ghali WA , Sauve R , 2013. Does Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) training improve the skills of health workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 8.
-
7.
Kouanda L , Baguiya A , 2013. Evaluation de la Qualite des Soins Prodigues aux Enfants de Moins de Cinq (05) Ans dans les Formations Sanitaires des Regions du Nord et du Centre-Nord du Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA.
-
8.
Ministère de la Santé, Direction Générale de la Santé de la Famille, Direction de la Sante de la Mère et de l’Enfant, 2013. Evaluation de la Mise en Oeuvre du Plan de Couverture PCIME 2005–2010 du Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou.
-
9.
Sarrassat S , Lewis JJ , Some AS , Somda S , Cousens S , Blanchet K , 2021. An Integrated eDiagnosis Approach (IeDA) versus standard IMCI for assessing and managing childhood illness in Burkina Faso: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. BMC Health Serv Res 21: 354.
-
10.
Ouédraogo M , Rouamba T , Samadoulougou S , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F , 2020. Effect of free healthcare policy for children under five years old on the incidence of reported Malaria cases in Burkina Faso by Bayesian modelling: “not only the ears but also the head of the hippopotamus.” Int J Environ Res Public Health 17: 417.
-
11.
Direction Générale des études et des Statistiques Sectorielles, Ministere de la Sante, 2020. Annuaire Statistiques 2019. Ouagadougou.
-
12.
Ridde V , Yaméogo P , 2018. How Burkina Faso used evidence in deciding to launch its policy of free healthcare for children under five and women in 2016. Palgrave Commun 4: 119.
-
13.
Tawfiq E , Alawi SAS , Natiq K , 2020. Effects of training health workers in integrated management of childhood illness on quality of care for under-5 children in primary healthcare facilities in Afghanistan. Int J Heal Policy Manag 9: 17–26.
-
14.
Bernasconi A , Crabbé F , Raab M , Rossi R , 2018. Can the use of digital algorithms improve quality care? An example from Afghanistan. PLoS One 13: 1–12.
-
15.
Mitchell M , Getchell M , Nkaka M , Msellemu D , Van Esch J , Hedt-Gauthier B , 2012. Perceived improvement in integrated management of childhood illness implementation through use of mobile technology: qualitative evidence from a pilot study in Tanzania. J Health Commun 17: 118–127.
-
16.
Mitchell M , Hedt-Gauthier BL , Msellemu D , Nkaka M , Lesh N , 2013. Using electronic technology to improve clinical care: results from a before–after cluster trial to evaluate assessment and classification of sick children according to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) protocol in Tanzania. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 13: 95.
-
17.
Izudi J , Anyigu S , Ndungutse D , 2017. Adherence to Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses Guideline in treating south Sudanese children with cough or difficulty in breathing. Int J Pediatr 2017: 1–7.
-
18.
El-Ayady AA , Meleis DE , Ahmed MM , Ismaiel RS , 2015. Primary health care physicians’ adherence and attitude towards Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines in Alexandria governorate in Egypt. Glob J Health Sci 8: 217–224.
-
19.
Krüger C , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M , Ali M , 2017. Adherence to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines in Namibia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda: evidence from the national service provision assessment surveys. BMC Health Serv Res 17: 1–12.
-
20.
Lind A et al., 2011. Quality of outpatient hospital care for children younger than 5 years old years in Afghanistan. Int J Qual Health Care 23: 108–116.
-
21.
Horwood C , Vermaak K , Rollins N , Haskins L , Nkosi P , Qazi S , 2009. An evaluation of the quality of IMCI assessments among IMCI trained health workers in South Africa. PLoS One 4: 2–7.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 8869 | 1653 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 141 | 87 | 13 |
| PDF Downloads | 78 | 47 | 2 |