Article Category:
Short Report

Two-year Decay of Zika Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in People Living in an Endemic Region in Brazil

Tereza Magalhaes Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil;
Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado;

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Clarice N. L. Morais Department of Virology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil;

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Elisa A. N. Azevedo Department of Virology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil;

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Iracema J. A. A. Jacques Department of Virology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil;

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Priscila M. S. Castanha Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
Faculty of Medical Science, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;

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Marli T. Cordeiro Department of Virology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil;

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Cynthia Braga Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil;

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Thomas Jaenisch Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado;
Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado

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Ernesto T. A. Marques Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;

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Brian D. Foy Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado;

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1279
Volume/Issue:
Volume 107: Issue 1
Page(s):
186–189
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ABSTRACT.

It is currently not clear whether humoral immunity to Zika virus (ZIKV) elicited upon natural ZIKV infection is long-lasting. In addition, cross-reactivity of anti-ZIKV antibodies with antigenically related dengue viruses (DENV) may have biological implications in nonnaive individuals who subsequently acquire a heterotypic infection. Cross-reactive humoral immunity between ZIKV and DENV also complicates the interpretation of serological tests to evaluate previous exposure to either virus. Here, we have measured the 2-year decay of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies in people living in a ZIKV/DENV endemic area in Brazil who were identified as having an acute infection (group 1) or past (but recent) infection (group 2) with ZIKV in 2015–16. The titers of neutralizing antibodies to ZIKV decreased 9.1 and 2.3 times in groups 1 and 2, respectively. We also show that the plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNT) is a reliable method to measure past exposure to ZIKV in coendemic areas.

Author Notes

Address correspondence to Tereza Magalhaes, Largo Terreiro de Jesus s/n, Pelourinho, Salvador-BA, 40026-010, Brazil. E-mail: tereza.magalhaes@ufba.br

Financial support: This research was funded by a National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant (R21129464), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (ZIKAlliance Grant Agreement No. 734548), and the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme (IDAMS Grant Agreement No. 281803). The 2015–16 and 2017 study protocols were approved by the Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (no. 28309414.9.0000.5190 and no. 63441516.6.0000.5190) and Colorado State University (no. 16-6579HH) Institutional Review Boards.

Authors’ addresses: Tereza Magalhaes, Preventive and Social Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, and Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: tereza.magalhaes@ufba.br. Clarice N. L. Morais, Elisa A. N. Azevedo, Iracema J. A. A. Jacques, and Marli T. Cordeiro, Virology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil, E-mails: clarice@cpqam.fiocruz.br. elisa_almeida@hotmail.com, iracema_alves@hotmail.com, and marli.tenorio@gmail.com. Priscila M. S. Castanha, Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and Faculty of Medical Science, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, E-mail: castanha.priscila@gmail.com. Cynthia Braga, Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil, E-mail: cynthia.braga@fiocruz.br. Thomas Jaenisch, Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, and Colorado School of Public Health, Epidemiology, Aurora, CO, E-mail: thomas.jaenisch@cuanschutz.edu. Ernesto T. A. Marques, Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, E-mail: marques@pitt.edu. Brian D. Foy, Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, E-mail: brian.foy@colostate.edu.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2022
Received:
10 Dec 2021
|
Accepted:
21 Feb 2022
|
Published Online:
06 Jun 2022
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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