World Health Organization , 2015. Chagas disease in Latin America: an epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 90: 33–43.
Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social , 2018. Presidencia de la Nación. Enfermedad de Chagas. Guia para la Atención del Paciente infectado con Trypanosoma cruzi. Edición, Julio. Available at: http://www.msal.gob.ar/images/stories/bes/graficos/0000001391cnt-Gua%20para%20equipos%20de%20salud%20CHAGAS%202018.pdf; consultado diciembre.
Danesi E, Codebó MO, Sosa-Estani S, 2019. Transmisión congénita de Trypanosoma cruzi. Argentina 2002–2014 [Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Argentina 2002–2014]. Medicina (B Aires) 79: 81–89.
Segura EL, Cura EN, Estani SA, Andrade J, Lansetti JC, de Rissio AM, Campanini A, Blanco SB, Gürtler RE, Alvarez M , 2000. Long-term effects of a nationwide control program on the seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in young men from Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 353–362.
Sosa Estani S, Segura EL, Ruiz AM, Velazquez E, Porcel BM, Yampotis C , 1998. Efficacy of chemotherapy with benznidazole in children in the indeterminate phase of Chagas’ disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 526–529.
de Andrade AL, Zicker F, de Oliveira RM, Silva SA, Luquetti A, Travassos LR, Almeida IC, de Andrade SS, de Andrade JG, Martelli CM , 1996. Randomised trial of efficacy of benznidazole in treatment of early Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Lancet 348: 1407–1413.
Morillo CA et al.2015. Randomized trial of benznidazole for chronic chagas’ cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 373: 1295–1306.
Viotti R, Vigliano C, Armenti H, Segura E, 1994. Treatment of chronic Chagas’ disease with benznidazole: clinical and serologic evolution of patients with long-term follow-up. Am Heart J 127: 151–162.
Cardinal MV, Orozco M, Enriquez GF, Ceballos LA, Gaspe MS, Alvarado-Otegui JA, Gurevitz JM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE , 2014. Heterogeneities in the ecoepidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural communities of the Argentinean Chaco. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 1063–1073.
Gurevitz JM, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Provecho YM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE , 2013. Intensified surveillance and insecticide-based control of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans in the Argentinean Chaco. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2158.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Cardinal MV, Kitron U, Cohen JE , 2007. Domestic dogs and cats as sources of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 134: 69–82.
Provecho YM, Gaspe MS, Fernández MD, Gürtler RE , 2017. House reinfestation with Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) after community-wide spraying with insecticides in the Argentine Chaco: a multifactorial process. J Med Entomol 54: 646–657.
Bos R , 1988. The importance of peridomestic environmental management for the control of the vectors of Chagas’ disease. Rev Argent Microbiol 20: 58–62.
Cardinal MV, Sartor PA, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Colaianni I, Gürtler RE , 2018. High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina. Parasit Vectors 11: 492.
Cecere MC, Rodríguez-Planes LI, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE , 2019. Community-based surveillance and control of chagas disease vectors in remote rural areas of the Argentine Chaco: a five-year follow-up. Acta Trop 191: 108–115.
Thrainsdottir IS, Hardarson T, Thorgeirsson G, Sigvaldason H, Sigfusson N , 1993. The epidemiology of right bundle branch block and its association with cardiovascular morbidity–the Reykjavik Study. Eur Heart J 14: 1590–1596.
Alventosa-Zaidin M, Font LG, Camps MB, Saumell CR, Pera G, Sas MTA, Raurell RF, Nadal OR, Dalfó-Baqué A, Terradellas JB , 2019. Right bundle branch block: prevalence, incidence, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Eur J Gen Pract 25: 109–115.
Meziab O, Abrams DJ, Alexander ME, Bevilacqua L, Bezzerides V, Mah DY, Walsh EP, Triedman JK , 2018. Utility of incomplete right bundle branch block as an isolated ECG finding in children undergoing initial cardiac evaluation. Congenit Heart Dis 13: 419–427.
Praast G, Herzogenrath J, Bernhardt S, Christ H, Sickinger E, 2011. Evaluation of the Abbott ARCHITECT Chagas prototype assay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 69: 74–81.
Abras A, Gállego M, Llovet T, Tebar S, Herrero M, Berenguer P, Ballart C, Martí C, Muñoz C , 2016. Serological diagnosis of chronic chagas disease: is it time for a change? J Clin Microbiol 54: 1566–1572.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1446 | 601 | 31 |
Full Text Views | 179 | 12 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 155 | 14 | 4 |
Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains one of the leading public health problems in Latin America. The number of infections in nonendemic countries continues to rise as a consequence of migratory flows. Updated information on prevalence, especially in treatable stages, together with vector eradication programs are key factors in an attempt to control the disease. We aim to estimate the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in an endemic area of Argentina and to describe epidemiological and clinical factors related to the disease. This is a cross-sectional study in an endemic rural area of Argentina. Our target population was people between 10 and 20 years of age, collecting demographic, clinical, and electrocardiographic data and seroprevalence against T. cruzi. We included 460 subjects; 76.7% did not have drinking water; 49.3% reported the presence of Triatoma infestans at home; 79.1% had pets or birds; 72.6% lived close to a chicken coop; 24.6% lived in adobe houses; 27.8% lived in overcrowded conditions. Seroprevalence was 9.33%. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of Triatoma infestans at home (OR 2.08, P = 0.03) had an association with seropositivity. No relevant findings indicating acute or chronic organ involvement were detected. We found no correlation of right bundle branch block (RBBB) and Chagas disease in our population. None of the infected patients were previously aware of their condition, highlighting the importance of active surveillance to detect infection in a potentially treatable stage, especially in areas with difficult access to health programs.
Authors’ addresses: Maria Baeck, Pablo Mando, Belén Virasoro, and Ricardo Valentini, Department of Internal Medicine, CEMIC Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research “Norberto Quirno,” CABA, Argentina, E-mails: inesmariabaeck@gmail.com, pablomando@gmail.com, belenvirasoro@gmail.com, and ricardovalentini@hotmail.com. Alfredo Martinez and Soledad Zarate, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, CEMIC Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research “Norberto Quirno,” CABA, Argentina, E-mails: amartinez@cemic.edu.ar and szarate@cemic.edu.ar. Ignacio Lopez Saubidet, Department of Internal Medicine, CEMIC Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research “Norberto Quirno,” CABA, Argentina, and Fundación pastoral universitaria San Lucas, CABA, Argentina, E-mail: ilopezsaubidet@gmail.com.
World Health Organization , 2015. Chagas disease in Latin America: an epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 90: 33–43.
Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social , 2018. Presidencia de la Nación. Enfermedad de Chagas. Guia para la Atención del Paciente infectado con Trypanosoma cruzi. Edición, Julio. Available at: http://www.msal.gob.ar/images/stories/bes/graficos/0000001391cnt-Gua%20para%20equipos%20de%20salud%20CHAGAS%202018.pdf; consultado diciembre.
Danesi E, Codebó MO, Sosa-Estani S, 2019. Transmisión congénita de Trypanosoma cruzi. Argentina 2002–2014 [Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Argentina 2002–2014]. Medicina (B Aires) 79: 81–89.
Segura EL, Cura EN, Estani SA, Andrade J, Lansetti JC, de Rissio AM, Campanini A, Blanco SB, Gürtler RE, Alvarez M , 2000. Long-term effects of a nationwide control program on the seropositivity for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in young men from Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 353–362.
Sosa Estani S, Segura EL, Ruiz AM, Velazquez E, Porcel BM, Yampotis C , 1998. Efficacy of chemotherapy with benznidazole in children in the indeterminate phase of Chagas’ disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 526–529.
de Andrade AL, Zicker F, de Oliveira RM, Silva SA, Luquetti A, Travassos LR, Almeida IC, de Andrade SS, de Andrade JG, Martelli CM , 1996. Randomised trial of efficacy of benznidazole in treatment of early Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Lancet 348: 1407–1413.
Morillo CA et al.2015. Randomized trial of benznidazole for chronic chagas’ cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 373: 1295–1306.
Viotti R, Vigliano C, Armenti H, Segura E, 1994. Treatment of chronic Chagas’ disease with benznidazole: clinical and serologic evolution of patients with long-term follow-up. Am Heart J 127: 151–162.
Cardinal MV, Orozco M, Enriquez GF, Ceballos LA, Gaspe MS, Alvarado-Otegui JA, Gurevitz JM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE , 2014. Heterogeneities in the ecoepidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural communities of the Argentinean Chaco. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 1063–1073.
Gurevitz JM, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Provecho YM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE , 2013. Intensified surveillance and insecticide-based control of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans in the Argentinean Chaco. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2158.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Cardinal MV, Kitron U, Cohen JE , 2007. Domestic dogs and cats as sources of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 134: 69–82.
Provecho YM, Gaspe MS, Fernández MD, Gürtler RE , 2017. House reinfestation with Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) after community-wide spraying with insecticides in the Argentine Chaco: a multifactorial process. J Med Entomol 54: 646–657.
Bos R , 1988. The importance of peridomestic environmental management for the control of the vectors of Chagas’ disease. Rev Argent Microbiol 20: 58–62.
Cardinal MV, Sartor PA, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Colaianni I, Gürtler RE , 2018. High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina. Parasit Vectors 11: 492.
Cecere MC, Rodríguez-Planes LI, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE , 2019. Community-based surveillance and control of chagas disease vectors in remote rural areas of the Argentine Chaco: a five-year follow-up. Acta Trop 191: 108–115.
Thrainsdottir IS, Hardarson T, Thorgeirsson G, Sigvaldason H, Sigfusson N , 1993. The epidemiology of right bundle branch block and its association with cardiovascular morbidity–the Reykjavik Study. Eur Heart J 14: 1590–1596.
Alventosa-Zaidin M, Font LG, Camps MB, Saumell CR, Pera G, Sas MTA, Raurell RF, Nadal OR, Dalfó-Baqué A, Terradellas JB , 2019. Right bundle branch block: prevalence, incidence, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Eur J Gen Pract 25: 109–115.
Meziab O, Abrams DJ, Alexander ME, Bevilacqua L, Bezzerides V, Mah DY, Walsh EP, Triedman JK , 2018. Utility of incomplete right bundle branch block as an isolated ECG finding in children undergoing initial cardiac evaluation. Congenit Heart Dis 13: 419–427.
Praast G, Herzogenrath J, Bernhardt S, Christ H, Sickinger E, 2011. Evaluation of the Abbott ARCHITECT Chagas prototype assay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 69: 74–81.
Abras A, Gállego M, Llovet T, Tebar S, Herrero M, Berenguer P, Ballart C, Martí C, Muñoz C , 2016. Serological diagnosis of chronic chagas disease: is it time for a change? J Clin Microbiol 54: 1566–1572.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1446 | 601 | 31 |
Full Text Views | 179 | 12 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 155 | 14 | 4 |