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Research Article

Cluster Analysis of Dengue Morbidity and Mortality in Mexico from 2007 to 2020: Implications for the Probable Case Definition

Carlos M. Baak-Baak Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México;

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Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México;

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Jose F. Pinto-Castillo Laboratorio de Geografía Ambiental, Instituto de Investigación en Gestión de Riesgos y Cambio Climático, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, México;

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Rosa C. Cetina-Trejo Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México;

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Oswaldo Torres-Chable Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México;

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Bradley J. Blitvich Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

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Julian E. Garcia-Rejon Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México;

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0409
Volume/Issue:
Volume 106: Issue 5
Page(s):
1515–1521
Restricted access
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ABSTRACT.

Dengue cases and deaths occur frequently in Mexico, although the trend is not uniform across the country. We performed a Spatio-temporal analysis of dengue cases and deaths in Mexico from 2007 to 2020, and clustered states according to whether there was a low, moderate, or high risk of dengue. A total of 501,600 confirmed dengue cases were registered from 2007 to 2020, with 378,122 cases classified as dengue fever (DF) and 123,478 cases classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). For each confirmed case, there were 4.68 probable cases. There were 1,230 dengue deaths, with highest numbers reported in 2009, 2012, 2013, and 2019. The number of deaths had a significant correlation (P ≤ 0.01) with DF (r = 0.82), DHF (r = 0.94), and probable dengue cases (r = 0.84). States were clustered using Machine Learning technique according to select indices associated with dengue. Cluster 1 (low risk) primarily contained states in the northwest, northcentral, and east. Cluster 2 (moderate risk) includes states in the northeast. Cluster 3 (high risk) mostly contained coastal states in the southeast, southwest, and west. The generation of the clusters was supported by the Kruskal–Wallis test. A significant difference was found in the incidence, mortality rates, and case-fatality rates of dengue among the clusters (P ≤ 0.01). Notably, cluster 3 contributed 71.4% of the confirmed cases and 89.2% of the deaths. Public health and vector control strategies designed to mitigate the burden of dengue in Mexico should consider the states in cluster 3 as high priority areas.

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Author Notes

Address correspondence to Julian E Garcia-Rejon, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Calle 43 No. 613 × Calle 96, CP 97225, Colonia Inalámbrica, Mérida, Yucatán, México. E-mail: julian.garcia@correo.uady.mx

Authors’ addresses: Carlos M. Baak-Baak, Rosa C. Cetina-Trejo, and Julian E. Garcia-Rejon, Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México, E-mails: carlos.baak@correo.uady.mx, rosa.cetina@correo.uady.mx, and julian.garcia@correo.uady.mx. Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi,” Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México, E-mail: nohemi.cigarroa@correo.uady.mx. Jose F. Pinto-Castillo, Laboratorio de Geografía Ambiental, Instituto de Investigación en Gestión de Riesgos y Cambio Climático, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, México, E-mail: jose.pinto@unicach.mx. Oswaldo Torres-Chable, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México, E-mail: oswaldo.torres@ujat.mx. Bradley J. Blitvich, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, E-mail: blitvich@iastate.edu.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2022
Received:
14 Apr 2021
|
Accepted:
20 Jan 2022
|
Published Online:
14 Mar 2022
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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