Article Category:
Research Article

Prevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus among Livestock and Ticks in Zhambyl Region, Kazakhstan, 2017

Jonathan Bryant-Genevier U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Yekaterina Bumburidi U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Central Asia Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan;

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Lilit Kazazian U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Victoria Seffren U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Jennifer R. Head U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Dmitriy Berezovskiy U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Central Asia Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan;

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Bakhytkul Zhakipbayeva U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Central Asia Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan;

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Stephanie J. Salyer U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Barbara Knust U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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John D. Klena U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Cheng-Feng Chiang U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Gulfaira Mirzabekova Zhambyl Oblast Department of Health, MoH, Taraz, Kazakhstan;

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Kumisbek Rakhimov Zhambyl Oblast Department for Quality Control and Safety of Goods and Services, MoH, Taraz, Kazakhstan;

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Jandar Koekeev Zhambyl Oblast Veterinary Inspection, MoA, Taraz, Kazakhstan;

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Kanatbek Kartabayev Zhambyl Oblast Veterinary Department of Oblast Administration, Taraz, Kazakhstan;

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Seydigapbar Mamadaliyev Central Reference Laboratory, Branch of NRCV, MoES, Almaty, Kazakhstan

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Marta Guerra U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Curtis Blanton U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Trevor Shoemaker U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Daniel Singer U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Central Asia Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan;

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Daphne B. Moffett U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Central Asia Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan;

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1092
Volume/Issue:
Volume 106: Issue 5
Page(s):
1478–1485
Restricted access
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ABSTRACT.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a highly fatal zoonotic disease endemic to Kazakhstan. Previous work estimated the seroprevalence of CCHF virus (CCHFV) among livestock owners in the Zhambyl region of southern Kazakhstan at 1.2%. To estimate CCHFV seroprevalence among cattle and sheep, we selected 15 villages with known history of CCHFV circulation (endemic) and 15 villages without known circulation (nonendemic) by cluster sampling with probability proportional to livestock population size. We collected whole blood samples from 521 sheep and 454 cattle from randomly selected households within each village and collected ticks found on the animals. We tested livestock blood for CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA; ticks were screened for CCHFV RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and CCHFV antigen by antigen-capture ELISA. We administered questionnaires covering animal demographics and livestock herd characteristics to an adult in each selected household. Overall weighted seroprevalence was 5.7% (95% CI: 3.1, 10.3) among sheep and 22.5% (95% CI: 15.8, 31.2) among cattle. CCHFV-positive tick pools were found on two sheep (2.4%, 95% CI: 0.6, 9.5) and three cattle (3.8%, 95% CI: 1.2, 11.5); three CCHFV-positive tick pools were found in nonendemic villages. Endemic villages reported higher seroprevalence among sheep (15.5% versus 2.8%, P < 0.001) but not cattle (25.9% versus 20.1%, P = 0.42). Findings suggest that the current village classification scheme may not reflect the geographic distribution of CCHFV in Zhambyl and underscore that public health measures must address the risk of CCHF even in areas without a known history of circulation.

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Author Notes

Address correspondence to Lilit Kazazian, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1825 Century Blvd., MS V18-3, Atlanta, GA 30345. E-mail: pqr3@cdc.gov

Financial support: This study was sponsored by the Department of the Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency.

Authors’ addresses: Jonathan Bryant-Genevier, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, and Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: phv4@cdc.gov. Yekaterina Bumburidi, Dmitriy Berezovskiy, Bakhytkul Zhakipbayeva, Daniel Singer, and Daphne B. Moffett, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Central Asia Office, Almaty, Kazakhstan, E-mails: hnz6@cdc.gov, okg5@cdc.gov, ofo5@cdc.gov, dps4@cdc.gov, and zzc0@cdc.gov. Lilit Kazazian, Victoria Seffren, Stephanie J. Salyer, Barbara Knust, John D. Klena, Cheng-Feng Chiang, Marta Guerra, Curtis Blanton, and Trevor Shoemaker, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: pqr3@cdc.gov, ndi6@cdc.gov, wig9@cdc.gov, bkk0@cdc.gov, irc4@cdc.gov, div4@cdc.gov, hzg4@cdc.gov, cgb9@cdc.gov, and tis8@cdc.gov. Jennifer R. Head, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, and Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: jrhead6@gmail.com. Gulfaira Mirzabekova, Zhambyl Oblast Department of Health, MoH, Taraz, Kazakhstan, E-mail: gmirzabekova@bk.ru. Kumisbek Rakhimov, Zhambyl Oblast Department for Quality Control and Safety of Goods and Services, MoH, Taraz, Kazakhstan, E-mail: k.rakhimov@dsm.gov.kz. Jandar Koekeev, Zhambyl Oblast Veterinary Inspection, MoA, Taraz, Kazakhstan, E-mail: zhandar-66@mail.ru. Kanatbek Kartabayev, Zhambyl Oblast Veterinary Department of Oblast Administration, Taraz, Kazakhstan, E-mail: kanatbek_63@mail.ru. Seydigapbar Mamadaliyev, Central Reference Laboratory, Branch of NRCV, MoES, Almaty, Kazakhstan, E-mail: mamadaliyev.s@bk.ru.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2022
Received:
15 Oct 2021
|
Accepted:
10 Jan 2022
|
Published Online:
04 Apr 2022
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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