Andrews RH , Sithithaworn P , Petney TN , 2008. Opisthorchis viverrini: an underestimated parasite in world health. Trends Parasitol 24: 497–501.
Sithithaworn P , Andrews RH , Nguyen VD , Wongsaroj T , Sinuon M , Odermatt P , Nawa Y , Liang S , Brindley PJ , Sripa B , 2012. The current status of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis in the Mekong Basin. Parasitol Int 61: 10–16.
IARC , 2012. A review of human carcinogens: biological agents. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 100: 341–370.
Khuntikeo N et al.2018. Current perspectives on opisthorchiasis control and cholangiocarcinoma detection in Southeast Asia. Front Med (Lausanne) 5: 117.
Saijuntha W , Duenngai K , Tangkawattana S , Petney TN , Andrews RH , Sithithaworn P , 2018. Recent advances in the diagnosis and detection of Opisthorchis viverrini Sensu Lato in human and intermediate hosts for use in control and elimination programs. Adv Parasitol 101: 177–214.
Johansen MV , Lier T , Sithithaworn P , 2015. Towards improved diagnosis of neglected zoonotic trematodes using a One Health approach. Acta Trop 141: 161–169.
Sirisinha S , Chawengkirttikul R , Haswell-Elkins MR , Elkins DB , Kaewkes S , Sithithaworn P , 1995. Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in an endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 521–524.
Sirisinha S , Chawengkirttikul R , Sermswan R , Amornpant S , Mongkolsuk S , Panyim S , 1991. Detection of Opisthorchis viverrini by monoclonal antibody-based ELISA and DNA hybridization. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 140–145.
Worasith C et al.2015. Advances in the diagnosis of human opisthorchiasis: development of Opisthorchis viverrini antigen detection in urine. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004157.
Worasith C et al.2019. Comparing the performance of urine and copro-antigen detection in evaluating Opisthorchis viverrini infection in communities with different transmission levels in northeast Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007186.
Worasith C , Wangboon C , Kopolrat KY , Homwong C , Sithithaworn J , Techasen A , Thanan R , Khuntikeo N , Sithithaworn P , 2020. Application of urine antigen assay to evaluate outcomes of praziquantel treatment and reinfection in opisthorchiasis in northeast Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 114: 751–761.
Sithithaworn P , Pipitgool V , Srisawangwong T , Elkins DB , Haswell-Elkins MR , 1997. Seasonal variation of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in cyprinoid fish in north-east Thailand: implications for parasite control and food safety. Bull World Health Organ 75: 125–131.
Duenngai K , Boonmars T , Sithithaworn J , Sithithaworn P , 2013. Diagnosis of early infection and post chemotherapeutic treatment by copro-DNA detection in experimental opisthorchiasis. Parasitol Res 112: 271–278.
Crellen T , Walker M , Lamberton PH , Kabatereine NB , Tukahebwa EM , Cotton JA , Webster JP , 2016. Reduced efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni is associated with multiple rounds of mass drug administration. Clin Infect Dis 63: 1151–1159.
Sripa B , Kaewkes S , 2000. Localisation of parasite antigens and inflammatory responses in experimental opisthorchiasis. Int J Parasitol 30: 735–740.
Wongratanacheewin S , Pumidonming W , Sermswan RW , Maleewong W , 2001. Development of a PCR-based method for the detection of Opisthorchis viverrini in experimentally infected hamsters. Parasitology 122: 175–180.
Chaicumpa W , Ybanez L , Kitikoon V , Pungpak S , Ruangkunaporn Y , Chongsa-nguan M , Sornmani S , 1992. Detection of Opisthorchis viverrini antigens in stools using specific monoclonal antibody. Int J Parasitol 22: 527–531.
Nithikathkul C , Tesana S , Sithithaworn P , Balakanich S , 2007. Early stage biliary and intrahepatic migration of Opisthorchis viverrini in the golden hamster. J Helminthol 81: 39–41.
Pinlaor S , Tada-Oikawa S , Hiraku Y , Pinlaor P , Ma N , Sithithaworn P , Kawanishi S , 2005. Opisthorchis viverrini antigen induces the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in macrophage RAW cell line. Int J Parasitol 35: 591–596.
Haonon O et al.2021. Opisthorchis viverrini infection induces metabolic and fecal microbial disturbances in association with liver and kidney pathologies in hamsters. J Proteome Res 20: 3940–3951.
Boonpucknavig S , Boonpucknavig V , Tanvanich S , Doungchawee G , Thamavit W , 1992. Development of immune-complex glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis in Syrian golden hamsters infected with Opisthorchis viverrini. J Med Assoc Thai 75 (Suppl 1): 7–19.
Nie G , Wang T , Lu S , Liu W , Li Y , Lei J , 2014. Detection of Clonorchis sinensis circulating antigen in sera from Chinese patients by immunomagnetic bead ELISA based on IgY. PLoS One 9: e113208.
Mazidur Rahman SM , Choi MH , Bae YM , Hong ST , 2012. Coproantigen capture ELISA for detection of Clonorchis sinensis infection in experimentally infected rats. Parasitol Int 61: 203–207.
Seifert M , Vargas E , Ruiz-Valdepenas Montiel V , Wang J , Rodwell TC , Catanzaro A , 2021. Detection and quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen CFP10 in serum and urine for the rapid diagnosis of active tuberculosis disease. Sci Rep 11: 19193.
Parija M , Biswas R , Harish BN , Parija SC , 2004. Detection of specific cysticercus antigen in the urine for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Acta Trop 92: 253–260.
Mwape KE , Praet N , Benitez-Ortiz W , Muma JB , Zulu G , Celi-Erazo M , Phiri IK , Rodriguez-Hidalgo R , Dorny P , Gabriel S , 2011. Field evaluation of urine antigen detection for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 574–578.
Elbasheir MM , Karti IA , Elamin EM , 2020. Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for Schistosoma mansoni infection based on the detection of circulating cathodic antigen in urine in central Sudan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008313.
Chaya D , Parija SC , 2013. Evaluation of a newly designed sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of hydatid antigen in serum, urine and cyst fluid for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. Trop Parasitol 3: 125–131.
Abeijon C , Alves F , Monnerat S , Mbui J , Viana AG , Almeida RM , Bueno LL , Fujiwara RT , Campos-Neto A , 2020. Urine-based antigen detection assay for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using monoclonal antibodies specific for six protein biomarkers of Leishmania infantum/Leishmania donovani. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008246.
Watwiengkam N , Sithithaworn J , Duenngai K , Sripa B , Laha T , Johansen MV , Sithithaworn P , 2013. Improved performance and quantitative detection of copro-antigens by a monoclonal antibody based ELISA to diagnose human opisthorchiasis. Acta Trop 128: 659–665.
Flavell DJ , Flavell SU , Field GF , 1983. Opisthorchis viverrini: the relationship between egg production, worm size and intensity of infection in the hamster. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77: 538–545.
Bunnag D , Harinasuta T , 1981. Studies on the chemotherapy of human opisthorchiasis: III. Minimum effective dose of praziquantel. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 12: 413–417.
Pungpak S , Bunnag D , Harinasuta T , 1983. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of praziquantel in opisthorchiasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 14: 363–366.
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Infection by Opisthorchis viverrini causes significant health problems, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA); thus control and elimination of this trematode is an important strategy for the reduction of CCA. Currently, urine and copro antigen detection is more sensitive than parasitological examination of the feces for the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. Given limitations in human studies, we used an animal model to quantify the parasite antigen profiles in urine and feces in O. viverrine–infected hamsters, and postdrug treatment. The positive detections of O. viverrini antigen began from week 1 in urine and week 2 in feces after infection until week 28 of the study. The recoveries of O. viverrini worms were detected starting from week 1 and eggs of O. viverrini were detected in feces from week 3 after infection and remained detectable throughout the study period. There was a significant positive correlation of urine and copro antigen levels with the number of fecal egg counts (P < 0.01) and worm recovery (P < 0.01). In the drug-treatment experiment, treatment of infected hamsters with praziquantel (PZQ) significantly reduced worm burden, fecal egg output, and antigen in urine and feces compared with the untreated controls (P < 0.001). At 4 weeks posttreatment, the egg and worm reduction rates were 100% and 95.5%, respectively. The positive antigen detections in urine and feces corresponded with partial worm clearance from praziquantel treatment. This study demonstrated a direct link of urine and copro antigen tests with worms infecting the liver thereby reaffirming the reliability of urine and copro antigen assay in opisthorchiasis diagnosis.
Financial support: This work has received scholarship under the Post-Doctoral Training Program from Khon Kaen University, Thailand (PD 2563-02-04) and supported by the National Research Council of Thailand though the Thailand Grand Challenges: Fluke Free Thailand Project and Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University.
Authors’ addresses: Chanika Worasith, Kulthida Y. Kopolrat, Opal Pitaksakulrat, and Paiboon Sithithaworn, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mails: chanika.w@kkumail.com, kulthida_kop@yahoo.com, opalpi@kku.ac.th, and paibsit@gmail.com. Chutima Homwong, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: jiffy2731@gmail.com. Yingpinyapat Kittirat, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Nai Mueang, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: yingpinn@gmail.com. Phattharaphon Wongphutorn, Biomedical Science Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: phat_phutorn@hotmail.com. Jiraporn Sithithaworn, Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: jirapornsith@gmail.com.
Andrews RH , Sithithaworn P , Petney TN , 2008. Opisthorchis viverrini: an underestimated parasite in world health. Trends Parasitol 24: 497–501.
Sithithaworn P , Andrews RH , Nguyen VD , Wongsaroj T , Sinuon M , Odermatt P , Nawa Y , Liang S , Brindley PJ , Sripa B , 2012. The current status of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis in the Mekong Basin. Parasitol Int 61: 10–16.
IARC , 2012. A review of human carcinogens: biological agents. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 100: 341–370.
Khuntikeo N et al.2018. Current perspectives on opisthorchiasis control and cholangiocarcinoma detection in Southeast Asia. Front Med (Lausanne) 5: 117.
Saijuntha W , Duenngai K , Tangkawattana S , Petney TN , Andrews RH , Sithithaworn P , 2018. Recent advances in the diagnosis and detection of Opisthorchis viverrini Sensu Lato in human and intermediate hosts for use in control and elimination programs. Adv Parasitol 101: 177–214.
Johansen MV , Lier T , Sithithaworn P , 2015. Towards improved diagnosis of neglected zoonotic trematodes using a One Health approach. Acta Trop 141: 161–169.
Sirisinha S , Chawengkirttikul R , Haswell-Elkins MR , Elkins DB , Kaewkes S , Sithithaworn P , 1995. Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in an endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 521–524.
Sirisinha S , Chawengkirttikul R , Sermswan R , Amornpant S , Mongkolsuk S , Panyim S , 1991. Detection of Opisthorchis viverrini by monoclonal antibody-based ELISA and DNA hybridization. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 140–145.
Worasith C et al.2015. Advances in the diagnosis of human opisthorchiasis: development of Opisthorchis viverrini antigen detection in urine. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004157.
Worasith C et al.2019. Comparing the performance of urine and copro-antigen detection in evaluating Opisthorchis viverrini infection in communities with different transmission levels in northeast Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007186.
Worasith C , Wangboon C , Kopolrat KY , Homwong C , Sithithaworn J , Techasen A , Thanan R , Khuntikeo N , Sithithaworn P , 2020. Application of urine antigen assay to evaluate outcomes of praziquantel treatment and reinfection in opisthorchiasis in northeast Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 114: 751–761.
Sithithaworn P , Pipitgool V , Srisawangwong T , Elkins DB , Haswell-Elkins MR , 1997. Seasonal variation of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in cyprinoid fish in north-east Thailand: implications for parasite control and food safety. Bull World Health Organ 75: 125–131.
Duenngai K , Boonmars T , Sithithaworn J , Sithithaworn P , 2013. Diagnosis of early infection and post chemotherapeutic treatment by copro-DNA detection in experimental opisthorchiasis. Parasitol Res 112: 271–278.
Crellen T , Walker M , Lamberton PH , Kabatereine NB , Tukahebwa EM , Cotton JA , Webster JP , 2016. Reduced efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni is associated with multiple rounds of mass drug administration. Clin Infect Dis 63: 1151–1159.
Sripa B , Kaewkes S , 2000. Localisation of parasite antigens and inflammatory responses in experimental opisthorchiasis. Int J Parasitol 30: 735–740.
Wongratanacheewin S , Pumidonming W , Sermswan RW , Maleewong W , 2001. Development of a PCR-based method for the detection of Opisthorchis viverrini in experimentally infected hamsters. Parasitology 122: 175–180.
Chaicumpa W , Ybanez L , Kitikoon V , Pungpak S , Ruangkunaporn Y , Chongsa-nguan M , Sornmani S , 1992. Detection of Opisthorchis viverrini antigens in stools using specific monoclonal antibody. Int J Parasitol 22: 527–531.
Nithikathkul C , Tesana S , Sithithaworn P , Balakanich S , 2007. Early stage biliary and intrahepatic migration of Opisthorchis viverrini in the golden hamster. J Helminthol 81: 39–41.
Pinlaor S , Tada-Oikawa S , Hiraku Y , Pinlaor P , Ma N , Sithithaworn P , Kawanishi S , 2005. Opisthorchis viverrini antigen induces the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in macrophage RAW cell line. Int J Parasitol 35: 591–596.
Haonon O et al.2021. Opisthorchis viverrini infection induces metabolic and fecal microbial disturbances in association with liver and kidney pathologies in hamsters. J Proteome Res 20: 3940–3951.
Boonpucknavig S , Boonpucknavig V , Tanvanich S , Doungchawee G , Thamavit W , 1992. Development of immune-complex glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis in Syrian golden hamsters infected with Opisthorchis viverrini. J Med Assoc Thai 75 (Suppl 1): 7–19.
Nie G , Wang T , Lu S , Liu W , Li Y , Lei J , 2014. Detection of Clonorchis sinensis circulating antigen in sera from Chinese patients by immunomagnetic bead ELISA based on IgY. PLoS One 9: e113208.
Mazidur Rahman SM , Choi MH , Bae YM , Hong ST , 2012. Coproantigen capture ELISA for detection of Clonorchis sinensis infection in experimentally infected rats. Parasitol Int 61: 203–207.
Seifert M , Vargas E , Ruiz-Valdepenas Montiel V , Wang J , Rodwell TC , Catanzaro A , 2021. Detection and quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen CFP10 in serum and urine for the rapid diagnosis of active tuberculosis disease. Sci Rep 11: 19193.
Parija M , Biswas R , Harish BN , Parija SC , 2004. Detection of specific cysticercus antigen in the urine for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Acta Trop 92: 253–260.
Mwape KE , Praet N , Benitez-Ortiz W , Muma JB , Zulu G , Celi-Erazo M , Phiri IK , Rodriguez-Hidalgo R , Dorny P , Gabriel S , 2011. Field evaluation of urine antigen detection for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 574–578.
Elbasheir MM , Karti IA , Elamin EM , 2020. Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for Schistosoma mansoni infection based on the detection of circulating cathodic antigen in urine in central Sudan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008313.
Chaya D , Parija SC , 2013. Evaluation of a newly designed sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of hydatid antigen in serum, urine and cyst fluid for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. Trop Parasitol 3: 125–131.
Abeijon C , Alves F , Monnerat S , Mbui J , Viana AG , Almeida RM , Bueno LL , Fujiwara RT , Campos-Neto A , 2020. Urine-based antigen detection assay for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using monoclonal antibodies specific for six protein biomarkers of Leishmania infantum/Leishmania donovani. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0008246.
Watwiengkam N , Sithithaworn J , Duenngai K , Sripa B , Laha T , Johansen MV , Sithithaworn P , 2013. Improved performance and quantitative detection of copro-antigens by a monoclonal antibody based ELISA to diagnose human opisthorchiasis. Acta Trop 128: 659–665.
Flavell DJ , Flavell SU , Field GF , 1983. Opisthorchis viverrini: the relationship between egg production, worm size and intensity of infection in the hamster. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77: 538–545.
Bunnag D , Harinasuta T , 1981. Studies on the chemotherapy of human opisthorchiasis: III. Minimum effective dose of praziquantel. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 12: 413–417.
Pungpak S , Bunnag D , Harinasuta T , 1983. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of praziquantel in opisthorchiasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 14: 363–366.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 3241 | 1142 | 37 |
Full Text Views | 143 | 14 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 97 | 14 | 0 |