ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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1.
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-
2.
Shultz JM , Russell J , Espinel Z , 2005. Epidemiology of tropical cyclones: the dynamics of disaster, disease, and development. Epidemiol Rev 27: 21–35.
-
3.
Watson JT , Gayer M , Connolly MA , 2007. Epidemics after natural disasters. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1–5.
-
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Branz A et al.2017. Chlorination of drinking water in emergencies: a review of knowledge to develop recommendations for implementation and research needed. Waterlines 36: 4–39.
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Lantagne DS , Clasen TF , 2012. Use of household water treatment and safe storage methods in acute emergency response: case study results from Nepal, Indonesia, Kenya, and Haiti. Environ Sci Technol 46: 11352–11360.
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Lantagne DS , 2008. Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment. J Amer Water Works Assoc 16: 112–125.
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Lantagne D et al.2014. Emergency water treatment with bleach in the United States: the need to revise EPA recommendations. Environ Sci Technol 48: 5093–5100.
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Inter-Sector Coordination Group, 2019 Rohingya Refugee Crisis Report. Available at: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/sitrep_august_2019_-_final.pdf. Accessed February 13, 2020.
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9.
Islam MM , Nuzhath T , 2018. Health risks of Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh: a call for global attention. J Glob Health 8: 020309.
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World Health Organization, 2018. Rohingya Crisis in Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh: Health Sector. Bulletin, Number 06. Available at: http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/healthsectorcxbbanbulletinno6.pdf. Accessed January 2022.
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11.
Islam MM , Jarna RN , Khan DH , Nayeem M , Rushmi ZT , Rahman MM , Paul S , Reza HM , 2019. Prevalence of diseases among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: a comprehensive study. IOSR J Nurs Health Sci 8: 14–21.
-
12.
REACH, 2019 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Household Monsoon Season Follow-up Assessment. Available at: https://www.reach-initiative.org/where-we-work/bangladesh/page/2?pcountry=bangladesh&dates=Date&ptype=factsheet&subpillar=wash Accessed February 13, 2020.
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13.
Dreibelbis R et al.2013. The integrated behavioral model for water, sanitation, and hygiene: a systematic review of behavioral models and a framework for designing and evaluating behavior change interventions in infrastructure-restricted settings. BMC Public Health 13: 1015.
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14.
Mosler H , Contzen N , 2016. Systematic Behavior Change in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: A Practical Guide Using the RANAS Approach. Duebendorf, Switzerland: Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology.
-
15.
Contzen N , De Pasquale S , Mosler HJ , 2015. Over-reporting in handwashing self-reports: potential explanatory factors and alternative measurements. PLoS One 10: e0136445.
-
16.
Kraemer SM , Mosler HJ , 2011. Factors from the transtheoretical model differentiating between solar water disinfection (SODIS) user groups. J Health Psychol 16: 126–136.
-
17.
Mosler HJ , 2012. A systematic approach to behavior change interventions for the water and sanitation sector in developing countries: a conceptual model, a review, and a guideline. Intl J Environ Health Res 22: 431–449.
-
18.
Contzen N , Meili IH , Mosler HJ , 2015. Changing handwashing behavior in southern Ethiopia: a longitudinal study on infrastructural and commitment interventions. Soc Sci Med 124: 103–114.
-
19.
Huber AC , Tobias R , Mosler HJ , 2014. Evidence‐based tailoring of behavior‐change campaigns: increasing fluoride‐free water consumption in rural Ethiopia with persuasion. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being 6: 96–118.
-
20.
Inauen J , Mosler HJ , 2014. Developing and testing theory-based and evidence-based interventions to promote switching to arsenic-safe wells in Bangladesh. J Health Psychol 19: 1483–1498.
-
21.
Kraemer SM , Mosler HJ , 2012. Effectiveness and effects of promotion strategies for behavior change: solar water disinfection in Zimbabwe. Appl Psychol 61: 392–414.
-
22.
Mosler HJ , Kraemer SM , Johnston RB , 2013. Achieving long-term use of solar water disinfection in Zimbabwe. Public Health 127: 92–98.
-
23.
Tumwebaze IK , Mosler HJ , 2015. Effectiveness of group discussions and commitment in improving cleaning behavior of shared sanitation users in Kampala, Uganda slums. Soc Sci Med 147: 72–79.
-
24.
Lilje J , Mosler HJ , 2018. Effects of a behavior change campaign on household drinking water disinfection in the Lake Chad basin using the RANAS approach. Sci Total Environ 619–620: 1599–1607.
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25.
Lilje J , Kessely H , Mosler HJ , 2015. Factors determining water treatment behavior for the prevention of cholera in Chad. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 57–65.
-
26.
Gamma AE , Slekiene J , Von Medeazza G , Asplund F , Cardoso P , Mosler HJ , 2017. Contextual and psychosocial factors predicting Ebola prevention behaviors using the RANAS approach to behavior change in Guinea-Bissau. BMC Public Health 17: 446.
-
27.
Mosler HJ , Huber AC , Inauen J , Tobias R , 2013. A Guideline to Behavior Change. Duebendorf, Switzerland: Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology.
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28.
Cohen J , 2013. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Science.
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29.
Huber AC , Mosler HJ , 2013. Determining the differential preferences of users of two fluoride-free water options in rural Ethiopia. J Public Health 21: 183–192.
-
30.
Contzen N , Mosler HJ , 2015. Comparing the RANAS Approach to Systematic Behavior Change with KAP Surveys. Methodological fact sheet 6. Duebendorf, Switzerland: Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology.
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31.
REACH, 2019 WASH Household Dry Season Follow-up Assessment. Available at: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/2019/07/1905_REACH_WASH_Assessment_Dry_Season_May2019.pdf Accessed March 13, 2020.
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Banaerjee S , 2019. The Rohingya Crisis: A Health Situation Analysis of Refugee Camps in Bangladesh. ORF special report no. 91. Available at: https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ORF_SpecialReport_91_Rohingya.pdf. Accessed December 17, 2021.
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UNICEF , 2017. UNICEF’s Preventive Plan to Mitigate the Risk of Acute Water Diarrhoea (AWD) and Cholera among Rohingya Refugees. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-preventive-plan-mitigate-risk-acute-water-diarrhoea-awd-and-cholera-among Accessed December 17, 2021.
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35.
Sjöström O , Holst D , 2002. Validity of a questionnaire survey: response patterns in different subgroups and the effect of social desirability. Acta Odontol Scand 60: 136–140.
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Furnham A , 1986. Response bias, social desirability and dissimulation. Pers Individ Dif 7: 385–400.
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37.
Ram PK et al.2010. Is structured observation a valid technique to measure handwashing behavior? Use of acceleration sensors embedded in soap to assess reactivity to structured observation. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 1070–1076.
-
38.
Kahneman D , 2011. Thinking fast, thinking slow. Interpretation, Tavistock, London, 499.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3259 | 627 | 275 |
| Full Text Views | 96 | 35 | 6 |
| PDF Downloads | 80 | 18 | 4 |
Determination of Psychosocial Factors of Drinking Chlorinated Water to Design Behavior Change Interventions in Rohingya Camps in Bangladesh
Kh. Shafiur Rahaman
Kh. Shafiur Rahaman
Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland;
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Silvia Ramos
Silvia Ramos
United Nations Children’s Fund, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
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Miriam Harter
Miriam Harter
Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland;
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Hans-Joachim Mosler
Hans-Joachim Mosler
Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland;
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ABSTRACT.
The purpose of this study was to identify the psychosocial factors of chlorinated water uptake and to design effective behavior change techniques applying the risk, attitude, norm, ability, and self-regulation (RANAS) behavior change model. This cross-sectional study was conducted in two Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. In total, 596 respondents were recruited through systematic random sampling. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the psychosocial factors according to the RANAS model. We used correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression models to predict the psychosocial factors of the consumption of chlorinated water. The respondents in this study had a medium to high habit of drinking chlorinated water. For the overall sample, participants’ habits were predicted by income, perceived vulnerability, like of chlorinated water, feelings of being healthy, action planning skills, and coping planning skills. In Camp 14, income, vulnerability, and coping planning were strongly influential in predicting habit; in Camp 16, liking chlorinated water and action planning were the most influential factors. Behavior change techniques against each factor with proper communication channels have been proposed for the overall sample and specific to each camp. The psychosocial factors identified and the behavior change strategies proposed in this study may help to promote chlorinated water consumption among the camp population. This study also recommends follow-up research that considers more contextual factors, uses larger sample sizes, and examines the effectiveness of the intervention.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 79 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: UNICEF funded this study.
Authors’ addresses: Kh. Shafiur Rahaman, Miriam Harter, and Hans-Joachim Mosler, Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland, E-mails: shafiur.mr@outlook.com, miriam.harter@ranas.ch, and hans-joachim.mosler@eawag.ch. Silvia Ramos, United Nations Children’s Fund, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, E-mail: sramos@unicef.org.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ahern M , Kovats RS , Wilkinson P , Few R , Matthies F , 2005. Global health impacts of floods: epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiol Rev 27: 36–46.
-
2.
Shultz JM , Russell J , Espinel Z , 2005. Epidemiology of tropical cyclones: the dynamics of disaster, disease, and development. Epidemiol Rev 27: 21–35.
-
3.
Watson JT , Gayer M , Connolly MA , 2007. Epidemics after natural disasters. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1–5.
-
4.
Branz A et al.2017. Chlorination of drinking water in emergencies: a review of knowledge to develop recommendations for implementation and research needed. Waterlines 36: 4–39.
-
5.
Lantagne DS , Clasen TF , 2012. Use of household water treatment and safe storage methods in acute emergency response: case study results from Nepal, Indonesia, Kenya, and Haiti. Environ Sci Technol 46: 11352–11360.
-
6.
Lantagne DS , 2008. Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment. J Amer Water Works Assoc 16: 112–125.
-
7.
Lantagne D et al.2014. Emergency water treatment with bleach in the United States: the need to revise EPA recommendations. Environ Sci Technol 48: 5093–5100.
-
8.
Inter-Sector Coordination Group, 2019 Rohingya Refugee Crisis Report. Available at: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/sitrep_august_2019_-_final.pdf. Accessed February 13, 2020.
-
9.
Islam MM , Nuzhath T , 2018. Health risks of Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh: a call for global attention. J Glob Health 8: 020309.
-
10.
World Health Organization, 2018. Rohingya Crisis in Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh: Health Sector. Bulletin, Number 06. Available at: http://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/healthsectorcxbbanbulletinno6.pdf. Accessed January 2022.
-
11.
Islam MM , Jarna RN , Khan DH , Nayeem M , Rushmi ZT , Rahman MM , Paul S , Reza HM , 2019. Prevalence of diseases among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: a comprehensive study. IOSR J Nurs Health Sci 8: 14–21.
-
12.
REACH, 2019 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Household Monsoon Season Follow-up Assessment. Available at: https://www.reach-initiative.org/where-we-work/bangladesh/page/2?pcountry=bangladesh&dates=Date&ptype=factsheet&subpillar=wash Accessed February 13, 2020.
-
13.
Dreibelbis R et al.2013. The integrated behavioral model for water, sanitation, and hygiene: a systematic review of behavioral models and a framework for designing and evaluating behavior change interventions in infrastructure-restricted settings. BMC Public Health 13: 1015.
-
14.
Mosler H , Contzen N , 2016. Systematic Behavior Change in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: A Practical Guide Using the RANAS Approach. Duebendorf, Switzerland: Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology.
-
15.
Contzen N , De Pasquale S , Mosler HJ , 2015. Over-reporting in handwashing self-reports: potential explanatory factors and alternative measurements. PLoS One 10: e0136445.
-
16.
Kraemer SM , Mosler HJ , 2011. Factors from the transtheoretical model differentiating between solar water disinfection (SODIS) user groups. J Health Psychol 16: 126–136.
-
17.
Mosler HJ , 2012. A systematic approach to behavior change interventions for the water and sanitation sector in developing countries: a conceptual model, a review, and a guideline. Intl J Environ Health Res 22: 431–449.
-
18.
Contzen N , Meili IH , Mosler HJ , 2015. Changing handwashing behavior in southern Ethiopia: a longitudinal study on infrastructural and commitment interventions. Soc Sci Med 124: 103–114.
-
19.
Huber AC , Tobias R , Mosler HJ , 2014. Evidence‐based tailoring of behavior‐change campaigns: increasing fluoride‐free water consumption in rural Ethiopia with persuasion. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being 6: 96–118.
-
20.
Inauen J , Mosler HJ , 2014. Developing and testing theory-based and evidence-based interventions to promote switching to arsenic-safe wells in Bangladesh. J Health Psychol 19: 1483–1498.
-
21.
Kraemer SM , Mosler HJ , 2012. Effectiveness and effects of promotion strategies for behavior change: solar water disinfection in Zimbabwe. Appl Psychol 61: 392–414.
-
22.
Mosler HJ , Kraemer SM , Johnston RB , 2013. Achieving long-term use of solar water disinfection in Zimbabwe. Public Health 127: 92–98.
-
23.
Tumwebaze IK , Mosler HJ , 2015. Effectiveness of group discussions and commitment in improving cleaning behavior of shared sanitation users in Kampala, Uganda slums. Soc Sci Med 147: 72–79.
-
24.
Lilje J , Mosler HJ , 2018. Effects of a behavior change campaign on household drinking water disinfection in the Lake Chad basin using the RANAS approach. Sci Total Environ 619–620: 1599–1607.
-
25.
Lilje J , Kessely H , Mosler HJ , 2015. Factors determining water treatment behavior for the prevention of cholera in Chad. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 57–65.
-
26.
Gamma AE , Slekiene J , Von Medeazza G , Asplund F , Cardoso P , Mosler HJ , 2017. Contextual and psychosocial factors predicting Ebola prevention behaviors using the RANAS approach to behavior change in Guinea-Bissau. BMC Public Health 17: 446.
-
27.
Mosler HJ , Huber AC , Inauen J , Tobias R , 2013. A Guideline to Behavior Change. Duebendorf, Switzerland: Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology.
-
28.
Cohen J , 2013. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Science.
-
29.
Huber AC , Mosler HJ , 2013. Determining the differential preferences of users of two fluoride-free water options in rural Ethiopia. J Public Health 21: 183–192.
-
30.
Contzen N , Mosler HJ , 2015. Comparing the RANAS Approach to Systematic Behavior Change with KAP Surveys. Methodological fact sheet 6. Duebendorf, Switzerland: Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology.
-
31.
REACH, 2019 WASH Household Dry Season Follow-up Assessment. Available at: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/2019/07/1905_REACH_WASH_Assessment_Dry_Season_May2019.pdf Accessed March 13, 2020.
-
32.
Banaerjee S , 2019. The Rohingya Crisis: A Health Situation Analysis of Refugee Camps in Bangladesh. ORF special report no. 91. Available at: https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ORF_SpecialReport_91_Rohingya.pdf. Accessed December 17, 2021.
-
34.
UNICEF , 2017. UNICEF’s Preventive Plan to Mitigate the Risk of Acute Water Diarrhoea (AWD) and Cholera among Rohingya Refugees. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-preventive-plan-mitigate-risk-acute-water-diarrhoea-awd-and-cholera-among Accessed December 17, 2021.
-
35.
Sjöström O , Holst D , 2002. Validity of a questionnaire survey: response patterns in different subgroups and the effect of social desirability. Acta Odontol Scand 60: 136–140.
-
36.
Furnham A , 1986. Response bias, social desirability and dissimulation. Pers Individ Dif 7: 385–400.
-
37.
Ram PK et al.2010. Is structured observation a valid technique to measure handwashing behavior? Use of acceleration sensors embedded in soap to assess reactivity to structured observation. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 1070–1076.
-
38.
Kahneman D , 2011. Thinking fast, thinking slow. Interpretation, Tavistock, London, 499.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 3259 | 627 | 275 |
| Full Text Views | 96 | 35 | 6 |
| PDF Downloads | 80 | 18 | 4 |