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RefWorks
Reference Manager
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Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Fowler M, Carter RF , 1965. Acute pyogenic meningitis probably due to Acanthamoeba sp.: a preliminary report. BMJ 2: 740–742.
-
2.
Reddy R, Vijayasaradhi M, Uppin MS, Challa S, Jabeen A, Borghain R , 2011. Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient: an autopsy case report. Neuropathology 31: 183–187.
-
3.
Ofori-Kwakye SK, Sidebottom D, Herbert J, Fischer EG, Visvesvara GS , 1986. Granulomatous brain tumor caused by Acanthamoeba. J Neurosurg 64: 505–509.
-
4.
Harwood CR, Rich GE, McAleer R, Cherian G , 1988. Isolation of Acanthamoeba from a cerebral abscess. Med J Aust 148: 47–49.
-
5.
Seijo Martinez M, Gonzalez-Mediero G, Santiago P, Rodriguez De Lope A, Diz J, Conde C, Visvesvara GS , 2000. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a patient with AIDS: isolation of Acanthamoeba sp. group II from brain tissue and successful treatment with sulfadiazine and fluconazole. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3892–3895.
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6.
Velho V, Sharma G, Palande D , 2003. Cerebrospinal acanthamebic granulomas. J Neurosurg 99: 572–574.
-
7.
Castellano-Sanchez A, Popp AC, Nolte FS, Visvesvara GS, Thigpen M, Redei I, Somani J , 2003. Acanthamoeba castellani encephalitis following partially mismatched related donor peripheral stem cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 5: 191–194.
-
8.
McKellar MS, Mehta LR, Greenlee JE, Hale DC, Booton GC, Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Sriram R, Visvesvara GS , 2006. Fatal granulomatous Acanthamoeba encephalitis mimicking a stroke, diagnosed by correlation of results of sequential magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, in vitro culture, immunofluorescence analysis, and molecular analysis. J Clin Microbiol 44: 4265–4269.
-
9.
Fung KT, Dhillon AP, McLaughlin JE, Lucas SB, Davidson B, Rolles K, Patch D, Burroughs AK , 2008. Cure of Acanthamoeba cerebral abscess in a liver transplant patient. Liver Transpl 14: 308–312.
-
10.
Maritschnegg P, Sovinz P, Lackner H, Benesch M, Nebl A, Schwinger W, Walochnik J, Urban C , 2011. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia successfully treated with multimodal antimicrobial therapy and hyperbaric oxygen. J Clin Microbiol 49: 446–448.
-
11.
Pietrucha-Dilanchian P, Chan JC, Castellano-Sanchez A, Hirzel A, Laowansiri P, Tuda C, Visvesvara GS, Qvarnstrom Y, Ratzan KR , 2012. Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with neurotoxoplasmosis coinfection in a patient with advanced HIV infection. J Clin Microbiol 50: 1128–1131.
-
12.
Zamora A, Henderson H, Swiatlo E , 2014. Acanthamoeba encephalitis: a case report and review of therapy. Surg Neurol Int 5: 68.
-
13.
Thamtam VK, Uppin MS, Pyal A, Kaul S, Rani JY, Sundaram C , 2016. Fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba in a newly diagnosed patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurol India 64: 101–104.
-
14.
Wara-Asawapati S, Intapan PM, Chotmongkol V , 2017. Acanthamoeba brain abscess confirmed by molecular identification. Am J Trop Med Hyg 97: 307–308.
-
15.
Nampoothiri RV et al.2018. An unusual cause of central nervous system infection during acute myeloid leukemia induction chemotherapy: Acanthamoeba brain abscess. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 34: 153–155.
-
16.
Yang S, 1981. Brain abscess: a review of 400 cases. J Neurosurg 55: 794–799.
-
17.
Cope JR, 2013. Investigational Drug Available Directly from CDC for the Treatment of Infections with Free-Living Amebae. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6233a4.htm. Accessed October 19, 2020.
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18.
D’Auria A et al., 2012. Cutaneous acanthamoebiasis with CNS involvement post-transplantation: implication for differential diagnosis of skin lesions in immunocompromised patients. J Parasitol 3: 1–7.
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19.
Zhang Z et al.2016. Retrospective analysis of 620 cases of brain abscess in Chinese patients in a single center over a 62-year period. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 158: 733–739.
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20.
Carpenter J, Stapleton S, Holliman R, 2007. Retrospective analysis of 49 cases of brain abscess and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 1–11.
-
21.
Manzar N, Manzar B, Kumar R, Bari ME , 2011. The study of etiologic and demographic characteristics of intracranial brain abscess: a consecutive case series study from Pakistan. World Neurosurg 76: 195–200.
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Case Report: First Successful Treatment of Acanthamoeba Brain Abscess with Combination Surgical Excision and Miltefosine-Led Antimicrobial Therapy
Anson Chan
Anson Chan
Department of Neurosurgery, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland, Australia;
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Simon Smith
Simon Smith
Department of Infectious Diseases, Cairns Base Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia;
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Edwin Tan
Edwin Tan
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Sarin Kuruvath
Sarin Kuruvath
Department of Neurosurgery, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland, Australia;
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ABSTRACT.
Acanthamoeba brain abscess is very rare and most often fatal. There remains no standardized regimen for its management. We report a case in northern Australia of an immunosuppressed 57-year-old man who presented with diarrhea and weight loss, and was diagnosed with multiple Acanthamoeba brain abscesses after neurological deterioration. This case is the first successful treatment with surgical excision followed by combination antimicrobial therapy including miltefosine. This case was treated initially as nocardiosis or melioidosis, emphasizing the importance of considering differentials such as Acanthamoeba during workup of atypical infection. We present a literature review of the 14 Acanthamoeba brain abscess cases reported in the English literature, of which five were successfully treated. Our review shows a predilection for multiple brain abscesses and an increased mortality rate compared with the general brain abscess population.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Anson Chan and Sarin Kuruvath, Department of Neurosurgery, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, E-mails: anson.chan@health.qld.gov.au and sarin.kuruvath@health.qld.gov.au. Simon Smith, Department of Infectious Diseases, Cairns Base Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, E-mail: simon.smith2@health.qld.gov.au. Edwin Tan, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, E-mail: edwin.tan@iqpathology.com.au.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Fowler M, Carter RF , 1965. Acute pyogenic meningitis probably due to Acanthamoeba sp.: a preliminary report. BMJ 2: 740–742.
-
2.
Reddy R, Vijayasaradhi M, Uppin MS, Challa S, Jabeen A, Borghain R , 2011. Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient: an autopsy case report. Neuropathology 31: 183–187.
-
3.
Ofori-Kwakye SK, Sidebottom D, Herbert J, Fischer EG, Visvesvara GS , 1986. Granulomatous brain tumor caused by Acanthamoeba. J Neurosurg 64: 505–509.
-
4.
Harwood CR, Rich GE, McAleer R, Cherian G , 1988. Isolation of Acanthamoeba from a cerebral abscess. Med J Aust 148: 47–49.
-
5.
Seijo Martinez M, Gonzalez-Mediero G, Santiago P, Rodriguez De Lope A, Diz J, Conde C, Visvesvara GS , 2000. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a patient with AIDS: isolation of Acanthamoeba sp. group II from brain tissue and successful treatment with sulfadiazine and fluconazole. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3892–3895.
-
6.
Velho V, Sharma G, Palande D , 2003. Cerebrospinal acanthamebic granulomas. J Neurosurg 99: 572–574.
-
7.
Castellano-Sanchez A, Popp AC, Nolte FS, Visvesvara GS, Thigpen M, Redei I, Somani J , 2003. Acanthamoeba castellani encephalitis following partially mismatched related donor peripheral stem cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 5: 191–194.
-
8.
McKellar MS, Mehta LR, Greenlee JE, Hale DC, Booton GC, Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Sriram R, Visvesvara GS , 2006. Fatal granulomatous Acanthamoeba encephalitis mimicking a stroke, diagnosed by correlation of results of sequential magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, in vitro culture, immunofluorescence analysis, and molecular analysis. J Clin Microbiol 44: 4265–4269.
-
9.
Fung KT, Dhillon AP, McLaughlin JE, Lucas SB, Davidson B, Rolles K, Patch D, Burroughs AK , 2008. Cure of Acanthamoeba cerebral abscess in a liver transplant patient. Liver Transpl 14: 308–312.
-
10.
Maritschnegg P, Sovinz P, Lackner H, Benesch M, Nebl A, Schwinger W, Walochnik J, Urban C , 2011. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia successfully treated with multimodal antimicrobial therapy and hyperbaric oxygen. J Clin Microbiol 49: 446–448.
-
11.
Pietrucha-Dilanchian P, Chan JC, Castellano-Sanchez A, Hirzel A, Laowansiri P, Tuda C, Visvesvara GS, Qvarnstrom Y, Ratzan KR , 2012. Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba amebic encephalitis with neurotoxoplasmosis coinfection in a patient with advanced HIV infection. J Clin Microbiol 50: 1128–1131.
-
12.
Zamora A, Henderson H, Swiatlo E , 2014. Acanthamoeba encephalitis: a case report and review of therapy. Surg Neurol Int 5: 68.
-
13.
Thamtam VK, Uppin MS, Pyal A, Kaul S, Rani JY, Sundaram C , 2016. Fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba in a newly diagnosed patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Neurol India 64: 101–104.
-
14.
Wara-Asawapati S, Intapan PM, Chotmongkol V , 2017. Acanthamoeba brain abscess confirmed by molecular identification. Am J Trop Med Hyg 97: 307–308.
-
15.
Nampoothiri RV et al.2018. An unusual cause of central nervous system infection during acute myeloid leukemia induction chemotherapy: Acanthamoeba brain abscess. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 34: 153–155.
-
16.
Yang S, 1981. Brain abscess: a review of 400 cases. J Neurosurg 55: 794–799.
-
17.
Cope JR, 2013. Investigational Drug Available Directly from CDC for the Treatment of Infections with Free-Living Amebae. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6233a4.htm. Accessed October 19, 2020.
-
18.
D’Auria A et al., 2012. Cutaneous acanthamoebiasis with CNS involvement post-transplantation: implication for differential diagnosis of skin lesions in immunocompromised patients. J Parasitol 3: 1–7.
-
19.
Zhang Z et al.2016. Retrospective analysis of 620 cases of brain abscess in Chinese patients in a single center over a 62-year period. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 158: 733–739.
-
20.
Carpenter J, Stapleton S, Holliman R, 2007. Retrospective analysis of 49 cases of brain abscess and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 1–11.
-
21.
Manzar N, Manzar B, Kumar R, Bari ME , 2011. The study of etiologic and demographic characteristics of intracranial brain abscess: a consecutive case series study from Pakistan. World Neurosurg 76: 195–200.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 15804 | 551 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 290 | 60 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 159 | 13 | 0 |