ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Karpagam KB, Ganesh B , 2020. Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance—an updated review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 39: 835–846.
-
2.
Wasiński B, Dutkiewicz J , 2013. Leptospirosis – current risk factors connected with human activity and the environment. Ann Agric Environ Med 20: 239–244.
-
3.
World Health Organization (WHO) , 2018. Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (LERG). Available at: https://www.who.int/zoonoses/diseases/lerg/en/index5.html. Accessed April 30, 2021.
-
4.
Gutiérrez JD, Martínez-Vega RA, Botello H, Ruiz-Herrera FJ, Arenas-López LC, Hernandez-Tellez KD , 2019. Environmental and socioeconomic determinants of leptospirosis incidence in Colombia. Cad Saude Publica 35: e00118417.
-
5.
Dunay S, Bass J, Stremick J , 2016. Leptospirosis: a global health burden in review. Emerg Med Open Access. 6: 366.
-
6.
Mwachui MA, Crump L, Hartskeerl R, Zinsstag J, Hattendorf J , 2015. Environmental and behavioural determinants of leptospirosis transmission: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003843.
-
7.
Ehelepola NDB, Ariyaratne K, Dissanayake WP , 2019. The correlation between local weather and leptospirosis incidence in Kandy district, Sri Lanka from 2006 to 2015. Glob Health Action 12: 1553283.
-
8.
Duarte JL, Giatti LL , 2019. Leptospirosis incidence in a state capital in the western Brazilian Amazon and its relationship with climate and environmental variability, 2008–2013. Epidemiol Serv Saude 28: e2017224.
-
9.
López MS, Müller GV, Lovino MA, Gómez AA, Sione WF, Aragonés Pomares L , 2019. Spatio-temporal analysis of leptospirosis incidence and its relationship with hydroclimatic indicators in northeastern Argentina. Sci Total Environ 694: 133651.
-
10.
Sumi A, Telan EF, Chagan H, Piolo MB, Hattori T, Kobayashi N , 2016. Effect of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on dengue fever and leptospirosis infections in Manila, the Philippines. Epidemiol Infect 145: 78–86.
-
11.
Arias-Monsalve C, Builes-Jaramillo A , 2019. Impact of El Niño-Southern oscillation on human leptospirosis in Colombia at different spatial scales. J Infect Dev Countries 13: 1108–1116.
-
12.
Gutiérrez JD, Martínez-Vega RA, 2018. Spatiotemporal dynamics of human leptospirosis and its relationship with rainfall anomalies in Colombia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 112: 115–123.E.
-
13.
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) , 2018. Proyecciones y retroproyecciones de población municipal para el periodo 1985-2017 y 2018-2035 con base en el CNPV 2018. Available at: https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/proyecciones-de-poblacion. Accessed April 30, 2021.
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14.
Ambiental EP.Observatorio Ambiental de Cartagena de Indias. Aspectos sociales: Población. Available at: http://observatorio.epacartagena.gov.co/gestion-ambiental/generalidades-de-cartagena/aspectos-sociales/poblacion/. Accessed October 12, 2021.
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15.
Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública -SIVIGILA. Available at: http://portalsivigila.ins.gov.co/Paginas/Vigilancia-Rutinaria.aspx. Accessed April 30, 2021.
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16.
Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e hidrográficas (CIOH). Boletín Meteomarino del Caribe Colombiano. Available at: https://www.cioh.org.co/meteorologia/wrf.php?t=lt&dom=d02. Accessed April 30, 2021.
-
17.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , 2017. Historical El Niño/La Niña episodes (1950–present). Available at: http://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php.
-
18.
Zhang R-H, Zheng F, Zhu J, Wang Z , 2013. A successful real-time forecast of the 2010–11 La Niña event. Sci Rep 3: 1108.
-
19.
Gutierrez JD , 2021. Effects of meteorological factors on human leptospirosis in Colombia. Int J Biometeorol 65: 257–263.
-
20.
Okazaki W, Ringen L , 1957. Some effects of various environmental conditions on the survival of Leptospira pomona. Am J Vet Res 18: 219–223.
-
21.
Mohan ARM, Cumberbatch A, Adesiyun AA, Chadee DD , 2009. Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Trinidad and Tobago, 1996–2007: a retrospective study. Acta Trop 112: 260–265.
-
22.
Ghizzo Filho J, Nazário NO, Freitas PF, Pinto GdA, Schlindwein AD , 2018 . Temporal analysis of the relationship between leptospirosis, rainfall levels and seasonality, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2005–2015. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 60: e39.
-
23.
Tassinari WS, Pellegrini DC, Sá CB, Reis RB, Ko AI, Carvalho MS , 2008. Detection and modelling of case clusters for urban leptospirosis. Trop Med Int Health 13: 503–512.
-
24.
Kupek E, de Sousa Santos Faversani M, de Souza Philippi JM , 2000. The relationship between rainfall and human leptospirosis in Florianópolis, Brazil, 1991–1996. Braz J Infect Dis 4: 131–134.
-
25.
Hacker KP et al.2020. Influence of rainfall on Leptospira infection and disease in a tropical urban setting, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 26: 311–314.
-
26.
Pawar S, Kore M, Athalye A, Thombre P , 2018. Seasonality of leptospirosis and its association with rainfall and humidity in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Int J Health Allied Sci 7: 37–40.
-
27.
Desvars A, Jégo S, Chiroleu F, Bourhy P, Cardinale E, Michault A , 2011. Seasonality of human leptospirosis in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) and its association with meteorological data. PLoS One 6: e20377.
-
28.
Chadsuthi S, Modchang C, Lenbury Y, Iamsirithaworn S, Triampo W , 2012. Modeling seasonal leptospirosis transmission and its association with rainfall and temperature in Thailand using time–series and ARIMAX analyses. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5: 539–546.
-
29.
Mejía G, Ramos-Clason E, Mazenett E, Morelos J, Malambo D, Maestre R, Mora-Garcia G, Gomez D , 2010. Estimate of risk factors for leptospirosis in Cartagena de Indias-Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 308–309.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2794 | 433 | 24 |
| Full Text Views | 161 | 51 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 127 | 13 | 2 |
Climatic Variability and Human Leptospirosis Cases in Cartagena, Colombia: A 10-Year Ecological Study
Eder Cano-Pérez
Eder Cano-Pérez
Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
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Steev Loyola
Steev Loyola
Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Fabián Espitia-Almeida
Fabián Espitia-Almeida
Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
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Jaison Torres-Pacheco
Jaison Torres-Pacheco
Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
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Dacia Malambo-García
Dacia Malambo-García
Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
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Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
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Doris Gómez-Camargo
Doris Gómez-Camargo
Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
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Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;
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ABSTRACT.
Leptospirosis is an acute febrile disease that mainly affects developing countries with tropical climates. The complexity and magnitude of this disease is attributed to socioeconomic, climatic, and environmental conditions. In this study, in a 10-year period from 2008 to 2017, the relationship between human leptospirosis cases and climatic factors in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia were evaluated. Monthly leptospirosis cases, climatic variables, and macroclimatic phenomena (El Niño and La Niña) were obtained from public datasets. Local climatic factors included temperature (maximum, average, and minimum), relative humidity, precipitation, and the number of precipitation days. Time series graphs were drawn and correlations between cases of leptospirosis and climatic variables considering lags from 0 to 10 months were examined. A total of 360 cases of leptospirosis were reported in Cartagena during the study period, of which 192 (53.3%) were systematically notified between October and December. Several correlations were detected between the number of cases, local climatic variables, and macroclimatic phenomena. Mainly, the increase of cases correlated with increased precipitation and humidity during the La Niña periods. Herein, seasonal patterns and correlations suggest that the climate in Cartagena could favor the incidence of leptospirosis. Our findings suggest that prevention and control of human leptospirosis in Cartagena should be promoted and strengthened, especially in the last quarter of the year.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported and sponsored by “Plan de Fortalecimiento de Doctorado de la Universidad de Cartagena 2019 y 2020.”
Authors’ addresses: Eder Cano-Pérez, Fabián Espitia-Almeida, and Jaison Torres-Pacheco, Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, E-mails: ecanop@unicartagena.edu.co, qcoespitiafabian@gmail.com, and jaisonetp@gmail.com. Steev Loyola, Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mail: steev.loyola@gmail.com. Dacia Malambo-García and Doris Gómez-Camargo, Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, and Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, E-mails: dmalambog@unicartagena.edu.co and dmtropical@unicartagena.edu.co.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Karpagam KB, Ganesh B , 2020. Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance—an updated review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 39: 835–846.
-
2.
Wasiński B, Dutkiewicz J , 2013. Leptospirosis – current risk factors connected with human activity and the environment. Ann Agric Environ Med 20: 239–244.
-
3.
World Health Organization (WHO) , 2018. Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (LERG). Available at: https://www.who.int/zoonoses/diseases/lerg/en/index5.html. Accessed April 30, 2021.
-
4.
Gutiérrez JD, Martínez-Vega RA, Botello H, Ruiz-Herrera FJ, Arenas-López LC, Hernandez-Tellez KD , 2019. Environmental and socioeconomic determinants of leptospirosis incidence in Colombia. Cad Saude Publica 35: e00118417.
-
5.
Dunay S, Bass J, Stremick J , 2016. Leptospirosis: a global health burden in review. Emerg Med Open Access. 6: 366.
-
6.
Mwachui MA, Crump L, Hartskeerl R, Zinsstag J, Hattendorf J , 2015. Environmental and behavioural determinants of leptospirosis transmission: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003843.
-
7.
Ehelepola NDB, Ariyaratne K, Dissanayake WP , 2019. The correlation between local weather and leptospirosis incidence in Kandy district, Sri Lanka from 2006 to 2015. Glob Health Action 12: 1553283.
-
8.
Duarte JL, Giatti LL , 2019. Leptospirosis incidence in a state capital in the western Brazilian Amazon and its relationship with climate and environmental variability, 2008–2013. Epidemiol Serv Saude 28: e2017224.
-
9.
López MS, Müller GV, Lovino MA, Gómez AA, Sione WF, Aragonés Pomares L , 2019. Spatio-temporal analysis of leptospirosis incidence and its relationship with hydroclimatic indicators in northeastern Argentina. Sci Total Environ 694: 133651.
-
10.
Sumi A, Telan EF, Chagan H, Piolo MB, Hattori T, Kobayashi N , 2016. Effect of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on dengue fever and leptospirosis infections in Manila, the Philippines. Epidemiol Infect 145: 78–86.
-
11.
Arias-Monsalve C, Builes-Jaramillo A , 2019. Impact of El Niño-Southern oscillation on human leptospirosis in Colombia at different spatial scales. J Infect Dev Countries 13: 1108–1116.
-
12.
Gutiérrez JD, Martínez-Vega RA, 2018. Spatiotemporal dynamics of human leptospirosis and its relationship with rainfall anomalies in Colombia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 112: 115–123.E.
-
13.
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) , 2018. Proyecciones y retroproyecciones de población municipal para el periodo 1985-2017 y 2018-2035 con base en el CNPV 2018. Available at: https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/proyecciones-de-poblacion. Accessed April 30, 2021.
-
14.
Ambiental EP.Observatorio Ambiental de Cartagena de Indias. Aspectos sociales: Población. Available at: http://observatorio.epacartagena.gov.co/gestion-ambiental/generalidades-de-cartagena/aspectos-sociales/poblacion/. Accessed October 12, 2021.
-
15.
Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública -SIVIGILA. Available at: http://portalsivigila.ins.gov.co/Paginas/Vigilancia-Rutinaria.aspx. Accessed April 30, 2021.
-
16.
Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e hidrográficas (CIOH). Boletín Meteomarino del Caribe Colombiano. Available at: https://www.cioh.org.co/meteorologia/wrf.php?t=lt&dom=d02. Accessed April 30, 2021.
-
17.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , 2017. Historical El Niño/La Niña episodes (1950–present). Available at: http://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php.
-
18.
Zhang R-H, Zheng F, Zhu J, Wang Z , 2013. A successful real-time forecast of the 2010–11 La Niña event. Sci Rep 3: 1108.
-
19.
Gutierrez JD , 2021. Effects of meteorological factors on human leptospirosis in Colombia. Int J Biometeorol 65: 257–263.
-
20.
Okazaki W, Ringen L , 1957. Some effects of various environmental conditions on the survival of Leptospira pomona. Am J Vet Res 18: 219–223.
-
21.
Mohan ARM, Cumberbatch A, Adesiyun AA, Chadee DD , 2009. Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Trinidad and Tobago, 1996–2007: a retrospective study. Acta Trop 112: 260–265.
-
22.
Ghizzo Filho J, Nazário NO, Freitas PF, Pinto GdA, Schlindwein AD , 2018 . Temporal analysis of the relationship between leptospirosis, rainfall levels and seasonality, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2005–2015. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 60: e39.
-
23.
Tassinari WS, Pellegrini DC, Sá CB, Reis RB, Ko AI, Carvalho MS , 2008. Detection and modelling of case clusters for urban leptospirosis. Trop Med Int Health 13: 503–512.
-
24.
Kupek E, de Sousa Santos Faversani M, de Souza Philippi JM , 2000. The relationship between rainfall and human leptospirosis in Florianópolis, Brazil, 1991–1996. Braz J Infect Dis 4: 131–134.
-
25.
Hacker KP et al.2020. Influence of rainfall on Leptospira infection and disease in a tropical urban setting, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 26: 311–314.
-
26.
Pawar S, Kore M, Athalye A, Thombre P , 2018. Seasonality of leptospirosis and its association with rainfall and humidity in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Int J Health Allied Sci 7: 37–40.
-
27.
Desvars A, Jégo S, Chiroleu F, Bourhy P, Cardinale E, Michault A , 2011. Seasonality of human leptospirosis in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) and its association with meteorological data. PLoS One 6: e20377.
-
28.
Chadsuthi S, Modchang C, Lenbury Y, Iamsirithaworn S, Triampo W , 2012. Modeling seasonal leptospirosis transmission and its association with rainfall and temperature in Thailand using time–series and ARIMAX analyses. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5: 539–546.
-
29.
Mejía G, Ramos-Clason E, Mazenett E, Morelos J, Malambo D, Maestre R, Mora-Garcia G, Gomez D , 2010. Estimate of risk factors for leptospirosis in Cartagena de Indias-Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 308–309.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2794 | 433 | 24 |
| Full Text Views | 161 | 51 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 127 | 13 | 2 |