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-
1.
Schuster FL , Visvesvara GS , 2004. Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Int J Parasitol 34: 1001–1027.
-
2.
Khan NA , 2006. Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30: 564–595.
-
3.
Fuerst PA , Booton GC , Crary M , 2015. Phylogenetic analysis and the evolution of the 18S rRNA gene typing system of Acanthamoeba. J Eukaryot Microbiol 62: 69–84.
-
4.
Corsaro D , 2020. Update on Acanthamoeba phylogeny. Parasitol Res 119: 3327–3338.
-
5.
Putaporntip C , Kuamsab N , Nuprasert W , Rojrung R , Pattanawong U , Tia T , Yanmanee S , Jongwutiwes S , 2021. Analysis of Acanthamoeba genotypes from public freshwater sources in Thailand reveals a new genotype, T23 Acanthamoeba bangkokensis sp. nov. Sci Rep 11: 17290.
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6.
Marciano-Cabral F , Cabral G , 2003. Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 16: 273–307.
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Tu EY , Joslin JE , Sugar J , Shoff ME , Booton GC , 2008. Prognostic factors affecting visual outcome in Acanthamoeba keratitis. Ophthalmology 115: 1998–2003.
-
8.
Szentmáry N , Daas L , Shi L , Laurik KL , Lepper S , Milioti G , Seitz B , 2018. Acanthamoeba keratitis—clinical signs, differential diagnosis and treatment. J Curr Ophthalmol 31: 16–23.
-
9.
Nuprasert W , Putaporntip C , Pariyakanok L , Jongwutiwes S , 2010. Identification of a novel T17 genotype of Acanthamoeba from environmental isolates and T10 genotype causing keratitis in Thailand. J Clin Microbiol 48: 4636–4640.
-
10.
Roshni Prithiviraj S , Rajapandian SGK , Gnanam H , Gunasekaran R , Mariappan P , Sankalp Singh S , Prajna L , 2020. Clinical presentations, genotypic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Acanthamoeba species causing keratitis. J Med Microbiol 69: 87–95.
-
11.
Pussard M , Pons R , 1977. Morphologie de la paroi kystique et taxonomie du genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa: Amoeba). Protistologica (Paris) 8: 557–598.
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12.
De Jonckheere JF , 1980. Growth characteristics, cytopathic effect in cell culture, and virulence in mice of 36 type strains belonging to 19 different Acanthamoeba spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 39: 681–685.
-
13.
Walochnik J , Obwaller A , Aspöck H , 2000. Correlations between morphological, molecular biological, and physiological characteristics in clinical and nonclinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 4408–4413.
-
14.
Khan NA , Jarroll EL , Paget TA , 2002. Molecular and physiological differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic Acanthamoeba. Curr Microbiol 45: 197–202.
-
15.
Stothard DR , Schroeder-Diedrich JM , Awwad MH , Gast RJ , Ledee DR , Rodriguez-Zaragoza S , Dean CL , Fuerst PA , Byers TJ , 1998. The evolutionary history of the genus Acanthamoeba and the identification of eight new 18S rRNA gene sequence types. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45: 45–54.
-
16.
Booton GC , Visvesvara GS , Byers TJ , Kelly DJ , Fuerst PA , 2005. Identification and distribution of Acanthamoeba species genotypes associated with nonkeratitis infections. J Clin Microbiol 43: 1689–1693.
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17.
Tamura K , Stecher G , Peterson D , Filipski A , Kumar S , 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
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18.
Wilm A , Higgins DG , Notredame C , 2008. R-Coffee: a method for multiple alignment of non-coding RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 36: e52.
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| Abstract Views | 2041 | 1130 | 390 |
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Severe Keratitis Caused by Acanthamoeba Genotype T12 in Thailand: A Case Report
Vannarut Satitpitakul
Vannarut Satitpitakul
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand;
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King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Chaturong Putaporntip
Chaturong Putaporntip
Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Somchai Jongwutiwes
Somchai Jongwutiwes
Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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ABSTRACT.
Acanthamoeba keratitis is predominantly caused by genotype T4. We report a case of severe keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba in a 39-year-old man who had prior accidental exposure to a corrosive chemical. The patient developed central full thickness ring infiltration and epithelial defect with hypopyon that required keratoplasty. The acanthamoebae isolated from the patient exhibited thermotolerance phenotype with the capability to grow well at ambient temperature and at 42°C. Analysis of a near complete 18S rRNA gene of this isolate revealed a distinct sequence that can be unequivocally assigned to genotype T12, a rare genotype incriminated in corneal infections.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 17 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the Government Research Budget to Chulalongkorn University (grant no. GB-B-61-061-30-19) and Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund (special project), Chulalongkorn University (grant no. GB-CU-61-23-30-13) to S. J. and C. P.
Authors’ addresses: Vannarut Satitpitakul, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: vannaruts@gmail.com. Chaturong Putaporntip and Somchai Jongwutiwes, Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: p.chaturong@gmail.com and jongwutiwes@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Schuster FL , Visvesvara GS , 2004. Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Int J Parasitol 34: 1001–1027.
-
2.
Khan NA , 2006. Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30: 564–595.
-
3.
Fuerst PA , Booton GC , Crary M , 2015. Phylogenetic analysis and the evolution of the 18S rRNA gene typing system of Acanthamoeba. J Eukaryot Microbiol 62: 69–84.
-
4.
Corsaro D , 2020. Update on Acanthamoeba phylogeny. Parasitol Res 119: 3327–3338.
-
5.
Putaporntip C , Kuamsab N , Nuprasert W , Rojrung R , Pattanawong U , Tia T , Yanmanee S , Jongwutiwes S , 2021. Analysis of Acanthamoeba genotypes from public freshwater sources in Thailand reveals a new genotype, T23 Acanthamoeba bangkokensis sp. nov. Sci Rep 11: 17290.
-
6.
Marciano-Cabral F , Cabral G , 2003. Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 16: 273–307.
-
7.
Tu EY , Joslin JE , Sugar J , Shoff ME , Booton GC , 2008. Prognostic factors affecting visual outcome in Acanthamoeba keratitis. Ophthalmology 115: 1998–2003.
-
8.
Szentmáry N , Daas L , Shi L , Laurik KL , Lepper S , Milioti G , Seitz B , 2018. Acanthamoeba keratitis—clinical signs, differential diagnosis and treatment. J Curr Ophthalmol 31: 16–23.
-
9.
Nuprasert W , Putaporntip C , Pariyakanok L , Jongwutiwes S , 2010. Identification of a novel T17 genotype of Acanthamoeba from environmental isolates and T10 genotype causing keratitis in Thailand. J Clin Microbiol 48: 4636–4640.
-
10.
Roshni Prithiviraj S , Rajapandian SGK , Gnanam H , Gunasekaran R , Mariappan P , Sankalp Singh S , Prajna L , 2020. Clinical presentations, genotypic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Acanthamoeba species causing keratitis. J Med Microbiol 69: 87–95.
-
11.
Pussard M , Pons R , 1977. Morphologie de la paroi kystique et taxonomie du genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa: Amoeba). Protistologica (Paris) 8: 557–598.
-
12.
De Jonckheere JF , 1980. Growth characteristics, cytopathic effect in cell culture, and virulence in mice of 36 type strains belonging to 19 different Acanthamoeba spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 39: 681–685.
-
13.
Walochnik J , Obwaller A , Aspöck H , 2000. Correlations between morphological, molecular biological, and physiological characteristics in clinical and nonclinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 4408–4413.
-
14.
Khan NA , Jarroll EL , Paget TA , 2002. Molecular and physiological differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic Acanthamoeba. Curr Microbiol 45: 197–202.
-
15.
Stothard DR , Schroeder-Diedrich JM , Awwad MH , Gast RJ , Ledee DR , Rodriguez-Zaragoza S , Dean CL , Fuerst PA , Byers TJ , 1998. The evolutionary history of the genus Acanthamoeba and the identification of eight new 18S rRNA gene sequence types. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45: 45–54.
-
16.
Booton GC , Visvesvara GS , Byers TJ , Kelly DJ , Fuerst PA , 2005. Identification and distribution of Acanthamoeba species genotypes associated with nonkeratitis infections. J Clin Microbiol 43: 1689–1693.
-
17.
Tamura K , Stecher G , Peterson D , Filipski A , Kumar S , 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
18.
Wilm A , Higgins DG , Notredame C , 2008. R-Coffee: a method for multiple alignment of non-coding RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 36: e52.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2041 | 1130 | 390 |
| Full Text Views | 313 | 151 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 195 | 39 | 0 |