- ABSTRACT.
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODS
- RESULTS
- Structured program between partners.
- Comprehensive accounting for costs associated with programs.
- Goal of mutual and reciprocal benefit.
- Value of long-term partnerships for mitigating some adverse consequences of short-term experiences.
- Characteristics of suitable trainees.
- Adequate mentorship and supervision for trainees.
- Preparation of trainees.
- Trainee attitudes and behaviors.
- Trainee safety.
- Applied hosting practice categories.
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Gow J , George G , Mutinta G , Mwamba S , Ingombe L , 2011. Health worker shortages in Zambia: an assessment of government responses. J Public Health Policy 32: 476–488.
-
2.
World Health Organization , 2013. Global Health Workforce Shortage to Reach 12.9 Million in Coming Decades. Available at: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/health-workforce-shortage/en/. Accessed January 25, 2019.
-
3.
Hernandez R , Martir JFS , Durme DJV , Faller MJ , Yong-Yow S , Davies MK , Achkar MA , 2016. Global health in family medicine residency programs. Fam Med 48: 532–537.
-
4.
Gupta A , Talavlikar R , Ng V , Chorny Y , Chawla A , Farrugia M , Lorette J , Raza D , Vyvey M , 2012. Global health curriculum in family medicine. Can Fam Physician 58: 143–146.
-
5.
Drain PK , Holmes KK , Skeff KM , Hall TL , Gardner P , 2009. Global health training and international clinical rotations during residency: current status, needs, and opportunities. Acad Med 84: 320–325.
-
6.
Drain PK , Primack A , Hunt DD , Fawzi WW , Holmes KK , Gardner P , 2007. Global health in medical education: a call for more training and opportunities. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll 82: 226–230.
-
7.
Crump JA , 2008. Ethical considerations for short-term experiences by trainees in global health. JAMA 300: 1456--1458.
-
8.
Yarmoshuk AN , Guantai AN , Mwangu M , Cole DC , Zarowsky C , 2018. What makes international global health university partnerships higher-value? An examination of partnership types and activities favoured at four East African universities. Ann Glob Health 84: 139–150.
-
9.
Suchdev P , Ahrens K , Click E , Macklin L , Evangelista D , Graham E , 2007. A model for sustainable short-term international medical trips. Ambul Pediatr Off J Ambul Pediatr Assoc 7: 317–320.
-
10.
Peluso MJ , Encandela J , Hafler JP , Margolis CZ , 2012. Guiding principles for the development of global health education curricula in undergraduate medical education. Med Teach 34: 653–658.
-
11.
Roberts M , 2006. Duffle bag medicine. JAMA 295: 1491–1492.
-
12.
Martiniuk AL , Manouchehrian M , Negin JA , Zwi AB , 2012. Brain gains: a literature review of medical missions to low and middle-income countries. BMC Health Serv Res 12: 1–8.
-
13.
Gilson L , Lehmann U , Schneider H , 2017. Practicing governance towards equity in health systems: LMIC perspectives and experience. Int J Equity Health 16: 1–5.
-
14.
Anderson FWJ , Wansom T , 2009. Beyond medical tourism: authentic engagement in global health. AMA J Ethics 11: 506–510.
-
15.
DeCamp M , Lehmann LS , Jaeel P , Horwitch C , for the ACP Ethics, Professionalism and Human Rights Committee , 2018. Ethical obligations regarding short-term global health clinical experiences: an American College of Physicians position paper. Ann Intern Med 168: 651--657.
-
16.
Decamp M , 2007. Scrutinizing global short-term medical outreach. Hastings Cent Rep 37: 21–23.
-
17.
Dodd R , Lane C , 2010. Improving the long-term sustainability of health aid: are global health partnerships leading the way? Health Policy Plan 25: 363–371.
-
18.
De Visser A , Hatfield J , Ellaway R , Buchner D , Seni J , Arubaku W , Najjuma JN , Hollaar G , 2020. Global health electives: ethical engagement in building global health capacity. Med Teach 42: 628–635.
-
19.
Jones A , 2016. Envisioning a global health partnership movement. Global Health 12: 1.
-
20.
Mormina M , Pinder S , 2018. A conceptual framework for training of trainers (ToT): interventions in global health. Global Health 14: 100.
-
21.
Wernli D , Tanner M , Kickbusch I , Escher G , Paccaud F , Flahault A , 2016. Moving global health forward in academic institutions. J Glob Health 6: 1--6.
-
22.
Crump JA , Working Group on Ethics Guidelines for Global Health Training , 2010. Ethics and best practice guidelines for training experiences in global health. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 1178–1182.
-
23.
Busse H , Aboneh EA , Tefera G , 2014. Learning from developing countries in strengthening health systems: an evaluation of personal and professional impact among global health volunteers at Addis Ababa University’s Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (Ethiopia). Global Health 10: 64.
-
24.
Franzen SRP , Chandler C , Lang T , 2017. Health research capacity development in low and middle income countries: reality or rhetoric? A systematic meta-narrative review of the qualitative literature. BMJ Open 7: 1--15. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012332.
-
25.
Loh LC , Cherniak W , Dreifuss BA , Dacso MM , Lin HC , Evert J , 2015. Short term global health experiences and local partnership models: a framework. Global Health 11: 50.
-
26.
Al-Samarrai T , 2011. Adrift in Africa: a US medical resident on an elective abroad. Health Aff (Millwood) 30: 525–528.
-
27.
Douglas SP , Crook ED , Stellini M , Levine D , Wiese W , Douglas S , 2004. Medical errors and the trainee: ethical concerns. Am J Med Sci 327: 33–37.
-
28.
Wilkinson D , Symon B , 1999. Medical students, their electives, and HIV. BMJ 318: 139–140.
-
29.
Haq C , Rothenberg D , Gjerde C , Bobula J , Wilson C , Bickley L , Cardelle A , Joseph A , 2000. New world views: preparing physicians in training for global health work. Fam Med 32: 566–572.
-
30.
Sanders J , Makasa M , Goma F , Kafumukache E , Ngoma M , Nzala S , 2016. Developing a family medicine postgraduate training program in Zambia. Fam Med 48: 517–522.
-
31.
Muhammad M , Wallerstein N , Sussman AL , Avila M , Belone L , Duran B , 2015. Reflections on researcher identity and power: the impact of positionality on community based participatory research (CBPR) processes and outcomes. Crit Sociol 41: 1045–1063.
-
32.
World Health Organization , n.d. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Available at: http://www.who.int/sdg/en/. Accessed November 10, 2021.
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33.
Evert J , Bazemore A , Hixon A , Withy K , 2007. Going global: considerations for introducing global health into family medicine training programs. Fam Med 39: 659–665.
-
34.
Rayess FE et al.2017. Family medicine global health fellowship competencies: a modified Delphi Study. Fam Med 49: 106–113.
-
35.
Wilson K , Burke C , Priest H , Salas E , 2005. Promoting health care safety through training high reliability teams. Qual Saf Health Care 14: 303–309.
-
36.
Heck JE , Bazemore A , Diller P , 2007. The Shoulder to Shoulder model: channeling medical volunteerism toward sustainable health change. Fam Med 39: 644–650.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1453 | 473 | 64 |
| Full Text Views | 179 | 17 | 6 |
| PDF Downloads | 151 | 21 | 8 |
Global Health Training Collaborations: Lessons Learned and Best Practices
Kathy Z. Chang
Kathy Z. Chang
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;
Engeye, Inc., Albany, New York;
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Engeye, Inc., Albany, New York;
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Kristina Gracey
Kristina Gracey
Engeye, Inc., Albany, New York;
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Barre, Massachusetts;
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Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Barre, Massachusetts;
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Brooke Lamparello
Brooke Lamparello
Engeye, Inc., Albany, New York;
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
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Bridget Nandawula
Bridget Nandawula
Engeye, Inc., Albany, New York;
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Nancy Pandhi
Nancy Pandhi
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;
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ABSTRACT.
Interest in global health training experiences among trainees from higher income countries has grown. The Working Group on Ethics Guidelines for Global Health Training (WEIGHT) clarified best practices in 2010 based on expert consensus. These guidelines address both balancing priorities in international partnerships and local sustainability concerns related to short-term experiences. However, the guidelines can be difficult to implement in actual practice. Because our organization predated the availability of these consensus guidelines, we reviewed our current set of practices for hosting service–learning programs at our rural Ugandan clinic for adherence to the WEIGHT guidelines. The discrete activities and standardized processes developed over 10 years of hosting experiences were grouped into broader hosting categories, with consensus among the hosting and sending volunteer coordinators of our non-governmental organization partnership. These practices were then mapped to the WEIGHT guidelines. We found our implementation strategies map these guidelines into a clear checklist of actions that can be used by coordinators involved in global health training programs. We include some of the historical reasons that led to our current processes, which may help other partnerships identify similar practice gaps. We anticipate that this action-oriented checklist with historical context will help accomplish the difficult implementation of best practices in global health training collaborations.
Author Notes
Disclosure: K. Z. C., K. G., and B. L. are involved as volunteers with the non-profit organization whose examples are described herein. They have not received any financial compensation for this activity or for their involvement with this article. B. N. was salaried staff at Engeye Health Clinic and is involved with the Board of Directors for Engeye Health Projects LTD for Uganda. She has not received any additional financial compensation for her work on the article. N. P. has not received any financial compensation for her involvement as coauthor and her work on this article.
Authors’ addresses: Kathy Z. Chang, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, and Engeye, Inc., Albany, NY, E-mail: kzchang@salud.unm.edu. Kristina Gracey, Engeye, Inc., Albany, NY, and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Barre, MA, E-mail: kristina.gracey@umassmemorial.org. Brooke Lamparello, Engeye, Inc., Albany, NY, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, E-mail: lamparb@amc.edu. Bridget Nandawula, Engeye, Inc., Albany, NY, E-mail: bridget.nandawula@engeye.org. Nancy Pandhi, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, E-mail: npandhi@salud.unm.edu.
- ABSTRACT.
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODS
- RESULTS
- Structured program between partners.
- Comprehensive accounting for costs associated with programs.
- Goal of mutual and reciprocal benefit.
- Value of long-term partnerships for mitigating some adverse consequences of short-term experiences.
- Characteristics of suitable trainees.
- Adequate mentorship and supervision for trainees.
- Preparation of trainees.
- Trainee attitudes and behaviors.
- Trainee safety.
- Applied hosting practice categories.
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Gow J , George G , Mutinta G , Mwamba S , Ingombe L , 2011. Health worker shortages in Zambia: an assessment of government responses. J Public Health Policy 32: 476–488.
-
2.
World Health Organization , 2013. Global Health Workforce Shortage to Reach 12.9 Million in Coming Decades. Available at: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/health-workforce-shortage/en/. Accessed January 25, 2019.
-
3.
Hernandez R , Martir JFS , Durme DJV , Faller MJ , Yong-Yow S , Davies MK , Achkar MA , 2016. Global health in family medicine residency programs. Fam Med 48: 532–537.
-
4.
Gupta A , Talavlikar R , Ng V , Chorny Y , Chawla A , Farrugia M , Lorette J , Raza D , Vyvey M , 2012. Global health curriculum in family medicine. Can Fam Physician 58: 143–146.
-
5.
Drain PK , Holmes KK , Skeff KM , Hall TL , Gardner P , 2009. Global health training and international clinical rotations during residency: current status, needs, and opportunities. Acad Med 84: 320–325.
-
6.
Drain PK , Primack A , Hunt DD , Fawzi WW , Holmes KK , Gardner P , 2007. Global health in medical education: a call for more training and opportunities. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll 82: 226–230.
-
7.
Crump JA , 2008. Ethical considerations for short-term experiences by trainees in global health. JAMA 300: 1456--1458.
-
8.
Yarmoshuk AN , Guantai AN , Mwangu M , Cole DC , Zarowsky C , 2018. What makes international global health university partnerships higher-value? An examination of partnership types and activities favoured at four East African universities. Ann Glob Health 84: 139–150.
-
9.
Suchdev P , Ahrens K , Click E , Macklin L , Evangelista D , Graham E , 2007. A model for sustainable short-term international medical trips. Ambul Pediatr Off J Ambul Pediatr Assoc 7: 317–320.
-
10.
Peluso MJ , Encandela J , Hafler JP , Margolis CZ , 2012. Guiding principles for the development of global health education curricula in undergraduate medical education. Med Teach 34: 653–658.
-
11.
Roberts M , 2006. Duffle bag medicine. JAMA 295: 1491–1492.
-
12.
Martiniuk AL , Manouchehrian M , Negin JA , Zwi AB , 2012. Brain gains: a literature review of medical missions to low and middle-income countries. BMC Health Serv Res 12: 1–8.
-
13.
Gilson L , Lehmann U , Schneider H , 2017. Practicing governance towards equity in health systems: LMIC perspectives and experience. Int J Equity Health 16: 1–5.
-
14.
Anderson FWJ , Wansom T , 2009. Beyond medical tourism: authentic engagement in global health. AMA J Ethics 11: 506–510.
-
15.
DeCamp M , Lehmann LS , Jaeel P , Horwitch C , for the ACP Ethics, Professionalism and Human Rights Committee , 2018. Ethical obligations regarding short-term global health clinical experiences: an American College of Physicians position paper. Ann Intern Med 168: 651--657.
-
16.
Decamp M , 2007. Scrutinizing global short-term medical outreach. Hastings Cent Rep 37: 21–23.
-
17.
Dodd R , Lane C , 2010. Improving the long-term sustainability of health aid: are global health partnerships leading the way? Health Policy Plan 25: 363–371.
-
18.
De Visser A , Hatfield J , Ellaway R , Buchner D , Seni J , Arubaku W , Najjuma JN , Hollaar G , 2020. Global health electives: ethical engagement in building global health capacity. Med Teach 42: 628–635.
-
19.
Jones A , 2016. Envisioning a global health partnership movement. Global Health 12: 1.
-
20.
Mormina M , Pinder S , 2018. A conceptual framework for training of trainers (ToT): interventions in global health. Global Health 14: 100.
-
21.
Wernli D , Tanner M , Kickbusch I , Escher G , Paccaud F , Flahault A , 2016. Moving global health forward in academic institutions. J Glob Health 6: 1--6.
-
22.
Crump JA , Working Group on Ethics Guidelines for Global Health Training , 2010. Ethics and best practice guidelines for training experiences in global health. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 1178–1182.
-
23.
Busse H , Aboneh EA , Tefera G , 2014. Learning from developing countries in strengthening health systems: an evaluation of personal and professional impact among global health volunteers at Addis Ababa University’s Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (Ethiopia). Global Health 10: 64.
-
24.
Franzen SRP , Chandler C , Lang T , 2017. Health research capacity development in low and middle income countries: reality or rhetoric? A systematic meta-narrative review of the qualitative literature. BMJ Open 7: 1--15. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012332.
-
25.
Loh LC , Cherniak W , Dreifuss BA , Dacso MM , Lin HC , Evert J , 2015. Short term global health experiences and local partnership models: a framework. Global Health 11: 50.
-
26.
Al-Samarrai T , 2011. Adrift in Africa: a US medical resident on an elective abroad. Health Aff (Millwood) 30: 525–528.
-
27.
Douglas SP , Crook ED , Stellini M , Levine D , Wiese W , Douglas S , 2004. Medical errors and the trainee: ethical concerns. Am J Med Sci 327: 33–37.
-
28.
Wilkinson D , Symon B , 1999. Medical students, their electives, and HIV. BMJ 318: 139–140.
-
29.
Haq C , Rothenberg D , Gjerde C , Bobula J , Wilson C , Bickley L , Cardelle A , Joseph A , 2000. New world views: preparing physicians in training for global health work. Fam Med 32: 566–572.
-
30.
Sanders J , Makasa M , Goma F , Kafumukache E , Ngoma M , Nzala S , 2016. Developing a family medicine postgraduate training program in Zambia. Fam Med 48: 517–522.
-
31.
Muhammad M , Wallerstein N , Sussman AL , Avila M , Belone L , Duran B , 2015. Reflections on researcher identity and power: the impact of positionality on community based participatory research (CBPR) processes and outcomes. Crit Sociol 41: 1045–1063.
-
32.
World Health Organization , n.d. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Available at: http://www.who.int/sdg/en/. Accessed November 10, 2021.
-
33.
Evert J , Bazemore A , Hixon A , Withy K , 2007. Going global: considerations for introducing global health into family medicine training programs. Fam Med 39: 659–665.
-
34.
Rayess FE et al.2017. Family medicine global health fellowship competencies: a modified Delphi Study. Fam Med 49: 106–113.
-
35.
Wilson K , Burke C , Priest H , Salas E , 2005. Promoting health care safety through training high reliability teams. Qual Saf Health Care 14: 303–309.
-
36.
Heck JE , Bazemore A , Diller P , 2007. The Shoulder to Shoulder model: channeling medical volunteerism toward sustainable health change. Fam Med 39: 644–650.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1453 | 473 | 64 |
| Full Text Views | 179 | 17 | 6 |
| PDF Downloads | 151 | 21 | 8 |