Simón F, Siles-Lucas M, Morchón R, González-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carretón E, Montoya-Alonso JA, 2012. Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev 25: 507–544.
Kondrashin AV, Morozova LF, Stepanova EV, Turbabina NA, Maksimova MS, Morozov EN, 2020. Anthology of dirofilariasis in Russia (1915–2017). Pathogens 9: 275.
Moorhouse DE, 1978. Dirofilaria immitis: a cause of human intra-ocular infection. Infection 6: 192–193.
Foissac M, Million M, Mary C, Dales JP, Souraud JB, Piarroux R, Parola P, 2013. Subcutaneous infection with Dirofilaria immitis nematode in human, France. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 171–172.
Mirahmadi H, Maleki A, Hasanzadeh R, Ahoo MB, Mobedi I, Rostami A, 2017. Ocular dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria immitis in a child in Iran: a case report and review of the literature. Parasitol Int 66: 978–981.
Parsa R, Sedighi A, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Nasibi S, 2020. Molecular characterization of ocular dirofilariasis: a case report of Dirofilaria immitis in south-eastern Iran. BMC Infect Dis 20: 520.
Avellis FO, Kramer LH, Mora P, Bartolino A, Benedetti P, Rivasi F, 2011. A case of human conjunctival dirofilariosis by Dirofilaria immitis in Italy. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 451–452.
Rossi A, Peix Á, Pavlikovskaya T, Sagach O, Nikolaenko S, Chizh N, Kartashev V, Simón F, Siles-Lucas M, 2015. Genetic diversity of Dirofilaria spp. isolated from subcutaneous and ocular lesions of human patients in Ukraine. Acta Trop 142: 1–4.
Sukpanichnant S, Leenuttapong V, Dejsomritrutai W, Thakerngpol K, Wanachiwanawin W, Kachintorn U, Nitiyanant W, 1998. Pulmonary dirofilariasis in a patient with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis–the first reported case in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 81: 722–727.
Pradatsundarasar A, 1955. Dirofilaria infection in man: report of a case. J Med Assoc Thai 38: 378–379.
Jariya P, Sucharit S, 1983. Dirofilaria repens from the eyelid of a woman in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32: 1456–1457.
Sukudom P, Phumee A, Siriyasatien P, 2018. First report on subconjunctival dirofilariasis in Thailand caused by a Dirofilaria sp. closely related to D. hongkongensis. Acad J Sci Res 6: 114–116.
Elkins DB, Haswell-Elkins M, Anderson RM, 1986. The epidemiology and control of intestinal helminths in the Pulicat Lake region of southern India. I. Study design and pre- and post-treatment observations on Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 774–792.
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41: 95–98.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K, 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35: 1547–1549.
Otranto D, Eberhard ML, 2011. Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye. Parasit Vectors 4: 41.
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A rare ocular dirofilariasis case along with the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome is reported. A whitish roundworm (10.6 cm long and 0.5 mm width) emerged from the pterygium, a triangular tissue growth on the cornea of the eye, of a male patient. The worm had a rounded anterior part, mouth without lips, smooth cuticular surface, and short rounded posterior tail with spicules: these features suggested that it was a male Dirofilaria sp. Molecular identification confirmed that the worm belonged to Dirofilaria immitis. This is the first molecular confirmation that D. immitis is a causative agent of ocular dirofilariasis in Thailand: dirofilariasis is a newly emerging zoonotic disease. Physicians should be alert to zoonotic filarial worms and knowledgeable about treatment of this disease.
Financial support: This study was supported by a Distinguished Research Professor Grant from the Thailand Research Fund (Grant no. DPG6280002) and grants from the Khon Kaen University Research and Graduate studies (RP64010) and Faculty of Medicine (W. M. and O. S., grant numbers DR63101and RG63301). The fund providers had no role in study design, data collection/interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Authors’ addresses: Yuwadee Somsap, Department of Ophthalmology, Chumphae Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: yuwadee89@hotmail.com. Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Rutchanee Rodpai, Lakkhana Sadaow, Oranuch Sanpool, Wanchai Maleewong, and Pewpan M. Intapan, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mails: patcharaporn.bo@kkumail.com, rutchanee5020@gmail.com, sadaow1986@gmail.com, sanpoolor@yahoo.com, wanch_ma@kku.ac.th, and pewpan@kku.ac.th. Attawit Somsap, Department of Otolaryngology, Chumphae Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: attawit_152@hotmail.com.
Simón F, Siles-Lucas M, Morchón R, González-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carretón E, Montoya-Alonso JA, 2012. Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev 25: 507–544.
Kondrashin AV, Morozova LF, Stepanova EV, Turbabina NA, Maksimova MS, Morozov EN, 2020. Anthology of dirofilariasis in Russia (1915–2017). Pathogens 9: 275.
Moorhouse DE, 1978. Dirofilaria immitis: a cause of human intra-ocular infection. Infection 6: 192–193.
Foissac M, Million M, Mary C, Dales JP, Souraud JB, Piarroux R, Parola P, 2013. Subcutaneous infection with Dirofilaria immitis nematode in human, France. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 171–172.
Mirahmadi H, Maleki A, Hasanzadeh R, Ahoo MB, Mobedi I, Rostami A, 2017. Ocular dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria immitis in a child in Iran: a case report and review of the literature. Parasitol Int 66: 978–981.
Parsa R, Sedighi A, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Nasibi S, 2020. Molecular characterization of ocular dirofilariasis: a case report of Dirofilaria immitis in south-eastern Iran. BMC Infect Dis 20: 520.
Avellis FO, Kramer LH, Mora P, Bartolino A, Benedetti P, Rivasi F, 2011. A case of human conjunctival dirofilariosis by Dirofilaria immitis in Italy. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 451–452.
Rossi A, Peix Á, Pavlikovskaya T, Sagach O, Nikolaenko S, Chizh N, Kartashev V, Simón F, Siles-Lucas M, 2015. Genetic diversity of Dirofilaria spp. isolated from subcutaneous and ocular lesions of human patients in Ukraine. Acta Trop 142: 1–4.
Sukpanichnant S, Leenuttapong V, Dejsomritrutai W, Thakerngpol K, Wanachiwanawin W, Kachintorn U, Nitiyanant W, 1998. Pulmonary dirofilariasis in a patient with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis–the first reported case in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 81: 722–727.
Pradatsundarasar A, 1955. Dirofilaria infection in man: report of a case. J Med Assoc Thai 38: 378–379.
Jariya P, Sucharit S, 1983. Dirofilaria repens from the eyelid of a woman in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32: 1456–1457.
Sukudom P, Phumee A, Siriyasatien P, 2018. First report on subconjunctival dirofilariasis in Thailand caused by a Dirofilaria sp. closely related to D. hongkongensis. Acad J Sci Res 6: 114–116.
Elkins DB, Haswell-Elkins M, Anderson RM, 1986. The epidemiology and control of intestinal helminths in the Pulicat Lake region of southern India. I. Study design and pre- and post-treatment observations on Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 774–792.
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41: 95–98.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K, 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35: 1547–1549.
Otranto D, Eberhard ML, 2011. Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye. Parasit Vectors 4: 41.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1820 | 1133 | 66 |
Full Text Views | 239 | 112 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 121 | 13 | 0 |