WHO , 2015. Chagas disease in Latin America: an epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 90: 33–44.
Zingales B et al., 2009. A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 1051–1054.
Messenger LA, Miles MA, Bern C, 2015. Between a bug and a hard place: Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity and the clinical outcomes of Chagas disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 13: 995–1029.
Brenière SF, Waleckx E, Barnabé C, 2016. Over six thousand Trypanosoma cruzi strains classified into discrete typing units (DTUs): attempt at an inventory. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: 1–19.
Coura J et al., 2002. Control of Chagas Disease: Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90338-x.
Altclas J et al., 2010. Chagas’ disease and solid organ transplantation. Transplant Proc 42: 3354–3359.
Antinori S, Galimberti L, Bianco R, Grande R, Galli M, Corbellino M, 2017. Chagas disease in Europe: a review for the internist in the globalized world. Eur J Intern Med 43: 6–15.
Manne-Goehler J, Umeh CA, Montgomery SP, Wirtz VJ, 2016. Estimating the burden of chagas disease in the United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: 1–7.
Chin-Hong PV, Schwartz BS, Bern C, Montgomery SP, Kontak S, Kubak B, Morris MI, Nowicki M, Wright C, Ison MG, 2011. Screening and treatment of Chagas disease in organ transplant recipients in the United States: recommendations from the Chagas in transplant working group. Am J Transplant 11: 672–680.
Lenzi HL, Oliveira DN, Lima MT, Gattass CR, 1996. Trypanosoma cruzi: paninfectivity of CL strain during murine acute infection. Exp Parasitol 84: 16–27.
Herrera L, Martínez C, Carrasco H, Jansen AM, Urdaneta-Morales S, 2007. Cornea as a tissue reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Res 100: 1395–1399.
Schijman AG, Altcheh J, Burgos JM, Biancardi M, Bisio M, Levin MJ, Freilij H, 2003. Aetiological treatment of congenital Chagas’ disease diagnosed and monitored by the polymerase chain reaction. J Antimicrob Chemother 52: 441–449.
Marcet PL, Duffy T, Cardinal MV, Burgos JM, Lauricella MA, Levin MJ, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, Schijman AG, 2006. PCR-based screening and lineage identification of Trypanosoma cruzi directly from faecal samples of triatomine bugs from northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 132: 57–65.
Bontempi IA, Bizai ML, Ortiz S, Manattini S, Fabbro D, Solari A, Diez C, 2016. Simple methodology to directly genotype Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in single and mixed infections from human blood samples. Infect Genet Evol 43: 123–129.
Gain P, Jullienne R, He Z, Aldossary M, Acquart S, Cognasse F, Thuret G, 2016. Global survey of corneal transplantation and eye banking. JAMA Ophthalmol 134: 167–173.
Zhang L, Tarleton RL, 1999. Parasite persistence correlates with disease severity and localization in chronic Chagas’ disease. J Infect Dis 180: 480–486.
Burgos JM et al., 2007. Direct molecular profiling of minicircle signatures and lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream populations causing congenital Chagas disease. Int J Parasitol 37: 1319–1327.
Riarte A et al., 1999. Chagas’disease in patients with kidney transplants: 7 years of experience, 1989–1996. Clin Infect Dis 29: 561–567.
Barcán L, Lunaó C, Clara L, Sinagra A, Valledor A, De Rissioí AM, Gadanoá A, García MM, de Santibañes E, Riarte A, 2005. Transmission of T. cruzi infection via liver transplantation to a nonreactive recipient for Chaga’s disease. Liver Transpl 11: 1112–1116.
Cura CI, Lattes R, Nagel C, Gimenez MJ, Blanes M, Calabuig E, Iranzo A, Barcan LA, Anders M, Schijman AG, 2013. Early molecular diagnosis of acute Chagas disease after transplantation with organs from Trypanosoma cruzi-infected donors. Am J Transplant 13: 3253–3261.
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Corneal transplantation is the most frequent transplant worldwide. Tissue characteristics allow storage and transport, even between continents, increasing its accessibility around the world. Donor infection with Trypanosoma cruzi is not defined as a corneal discarding factor, although the transplant is not recommended preventively, as in any infectious diseases. Herein, by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategies, we analyzed parasite presence in ocular tissue from 10 deceased donors with Chagas diseases. Among them, positive findings were obtained in corneas, scleras, and eye muscle samples of three, two, and one donor, respectively. Moreover, among the six T. cruzi defined populations, TcV and TcVI parasites were found in some samples based on group-specific amplification strategies. Our findings point out the actual possibility of T. cruzi transmission due to corneal transplantation and makes donor’s serological status knowledge mandatory regardless of graft provenance. Failing that, we suggest a posttransplant follow-up of recipients from seropositive donors.
Authors’ addresses: Gianfranco Alí Santoro and Sofía Belén Drago, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIBIO-UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina, E-mails: gianfranco.as@gmail.com and sofiadrago27@gmail.com. Marta Inés Starcenbaum Bouchez and Elisabeth Cittadino, Hospital Oftalmológico Santa Lucía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, E-mails: martabouchez@yahoo.com.ar and elicittadino@hotmail.com. María Susana Leguizamón and Juan Miguel Burgos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIBIO-UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, E-mails: sleguiza@unsam.edu.ar and jumibu@gmail.com.
WHO , 2015. Chagas disease in Latin America: an epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 90: 33–44.
Zingales B et al., 2009. A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 1051–1054.
Messenger LA, Miles MA, Bern C, 2015. Between a bug and a hard place: Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity and the clinical outcomes of Chagas disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 13: 995–1029.
Brenière SF, Waleckx E, Barnabé C, 2016. Over six thousand Trypanosoma cruzi strains classified into discrete typing units (DTUs): attempt at an inventory. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: 1–19.
Coura J et al., 2002. Control of Chagas Disease: Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90338-x.
Altclas J et al., 2010. Chagas’ disease and solid organ transplantation. Transplant Proc 42: 3354–3359.
Antinori S, Galimberti L, Bianco R, Grande R, Galli M, Corbellino M, 2017. Chagas disease in Europe: a review for the internist in the globalized world. Eur J Intern Med 43: 6–15.
Manne-Goehler J, Umeh CA, Montgomery SP, Wirtz VJ, 2016. Estimating the burden of chagas disease in the United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: 1–7.
Chin-Hong PV, Schwartz BS, Bern C, Montgomery SP, Kontak S, Kubak B, Morris MI, Nowicki M, Wright C, Ison MG, 2011. Screening and treatment of Chagas disease in organ transplant recipients in the United States: recommendations from the Chagas in transplant working group. Am J Transplant 11: 672–680.
Lenzi HL, Oliveira DN, Lima MT, Gattass CR, 1996. Trypanosoma cruzi: paninfectivity of CL strain during murine acute infection. Exp Parasitol 84: 16–27.
Herrera L, Martínez C, Carrasco H, Jansen AM, Urdaneta-Morales S, 2007. Cornea as a tissue reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Res 100: 1395–1399.
Schijman AG, Altcheh J, Burgos JM, Biancardi M, Bisio M, Levin MJ, Freilij H, 2003. Aetiological treatment of congenital Chagas’ disease diagnosed and monitored by the polymerase chain reaction. J Antimicrob Chemother 52: 441–449.
Marcet PL, Duffy T, Cardinal MV, Burgos JM, Lauricella MA, Levin MJ, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, Schijman AG, 2006. PCR-based screening and lineage identification of Trypanosoma cruzi directly from faecal samples of triatomine bugs from northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 132: 57–65.
Bontempi IA, Bizai ML, Ortiz S, Manattini S, Fabbro D, Solari A, Diez C, 2016. Simple methodology to directly genotype Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in single and mixed infections from human blood samples. Infect Genet Evol 43: 123–129.
Gain P, Jullienne R, He Z, Aldossary M, Acquart S, Cognasse F, Thuret G, 2016. Global survey of corneal transplantation and eye banking. JAMA Ophthalmol 134: 167–173.
Zhang L, Tarleton RL, 1999. Parasite persistence correlates with disease severity and localization in chronic Chagas’ disease. J Infect Dis 180: 480–486.
Burgos JM et al., 2007. Direct molecular profiling of minicircle signatures and lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream populations causing congenital Chagas disease. Int J Parasitol 37: 1319–1327.
Riarte A et al., 1999. Chagas’disease in patients with kidney transplants: 7 years of experience, 1989–1996. Clin Infect Dis 29: 561–567.
Barcán L, Lunaó C, Clara L, Sinagra A, Valledor A, De Rissioí AM, Gadanoá A, García MM, de Santibañes E, Riarte A, 2005. Transmission of T. cruzi infection via liver transplantation to a nonreactive recipient for Chaga’s disease. Liver Transpl 11: 1112–1116.
Cura CI, Lattes R, Nagel C, Gimenez MJ, Blanes M, Calabuig E, Iranzo A, Barcan LA, Anders M, Schijman AG, 2013. Early molecular diagnosis of acute Chagas disease after transplantation with organs from Trypanosoma cruzi-infected donors. Am J Transplant 13: 3253–3261.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1408 | 783 | 157 |
Full Text Views | 241 | 12 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 139 | 15 | 0 |