Wadi L, Reinke AW, 2020. Evolution of microsporidia: an extremely successful group of eukaryotic intracellular parasites. PLoS Pathog 16: e1008276.
Han B, Weiss LM, 2017. Microsporidia: obligate intracellular pathogens within the fungal kingdom. Microbiol Spectr 5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0018-2016.
Visvesvara GS, 2002. In vitro cultivation of microsporidia of clinical importance. Clin Microbiol Rev 15: 401ā413.
Garcia LS, 2002. Laboratory identification of the microsporidia. J Clin Microbiol 40: 1892ā1901.
Ashfaq A, White AC, 2013. Microsporidiasis. Handb Clin Neurol 114: 183ā191.
Didier ES, 2005. Microsporidiosis: an emerging and opportunistic infection in humans and animals. Acta Trop 94: 61ā76.
Qiu L, Xia W, Li W, Ping J, Ding S, Liu H, 2019. The prevalence of microsporidia in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 9: 3174.
Margileth AM, Strano AJ, Chandra R, Neafie R, Blum M, McCully RM, 1973. Disseminated nosematosis in an immunologically compromised infant. Arch Pathol 95: 145ā150.
Yachnis AT, Berg J, Martinez-Salazar A, Bender BS, Diaz L, Rojiani AM, Eskin TA, Orenstein JM, 1996. Disseminated microsporidiosis especially infecting the brain, heart, and kidneys: report of a newly recognized pansporoblastic species in two symptomatic AIDS patients. Am J Clin Pathol 106: 535ā543.
Svedhem V, Lebbad M, Hedkvist B, Del Aguila C, Hedman P, Larsson R, Navajas R, Aust-Kettis A, 2002. Disseminated infection with encephalitozoon intestinalis in AIDS patients: report of 2 cases. Scand J Infect Dis 34: 703ā705.
Boileau M, Ferreira J, Ahmad I, LavallƩe C, Qvarnstrom Y, Dufresne SF, 2016. Successful treatment of disseminated anncaliia algerae Microsporidial infection with combination fumagillin and albendazole. Open Forum Infect Dis 3: ofw158.
Mohindra AR, Lee MW, Visvesvara G, Moura H, Parasuraman R, Leitch GJ, Xiao L, Yee J, del Busto R, 2002. Disseminated microsporidiosis in a renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 4: 102ā107.
Suankratay C, Thiansukhon E, Nilaratanakul V, Putaporntip C, Jongwutiwes S, 2012. Disseminated infection caused by novel species of Microsporidium, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 302ā304.
HernĆ”ndez-RodrĆguez OX, Alvarez-Torres O, Ofelia Uribe-Uribe N, 2012. Microsporidia infection in a Mexican kidney transplant recipient. Case Rep Nephrol 2012: 928083.
Hollister WS, Canning EU, Weidner E, Field AS, Kench J, Marriott DJ, 1996. Development and ultrastructure of Trachipleistophora hominis n.g., n.sp. after inĀ vitro isolation from an AIDS patient and inoculation into athymic mice. Parasitology 112: 143ā154.
Ledford DK, Overman MD, Gonzalvo A, Cali A, Mester SW, Lockey RF, 1985. Microsporidiosis myositis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 102: 628ā630.
Chupp GL, Alroy J, Adelman LS, Breen JC, Skolnik PR, 1993. Myositis due to pleistophora (microsporidia) in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 16: 15ā21.
Field AS, Marriott DJ, Milliken ST, Brew BJ, Canning EU, Kench JG, Darveniza P, Harkness JL, 1996. Myositis associated with a newly described microsporidian, Trachipleistophora hominis, in a patient with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol 34: 2803ā2811.
Rauz S, Tuft S, Dart JKG, Bonshek R, Luthert P, Curry A, 2004. Ultrastructural examination of two cases of stromal microsporidial keratitis. J Med Microbiol 53: 775ā781.
Curry A, Beeching NJ, Gilbert JD, Scott G, Rowland PL, Currie BJ, 2005. Trachipleistophora hominis infection in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of a patient with AIDS. J Infect 51: e139āe144.
Grau A, Valls ME, Williams JE, Ellis DS, MuntanĆ© MJ, Nadal C, 1996. Myositis caused by Pleistophora in a patient with AIDS. Med Clin (Barc) 107: 779ā781.
Koudela B, VĆ”vra J, Canning EU, 2004. Experimental infection of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with the human microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis. Parasitology 128: 377ā384.
Anane S, Attouchi H, 2010. Microsporidiosis: epidemiology, clinical data and therapy. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 34: 450ā464.
George B, Coates T, McDonald S, Russ G, Cherian S, Nolan J, Brealey J, 2012. Disseminated microsporidiosis with Encephalitozoon species in a renal transplant recipient. Nephrology (Carlton) 17 (Suppl 1):5ā8.
Pariyakanok L, Jongwutiwes S, 2005. Keratitis caused by Trachipleistophora anthropopthera. J Infect 51: 325ā328.
Sundaram TG, Aggarwal A, Ganguly S, Iangngap EK, Marak RSK, Gupta L, 2019. Microsporidial myositis in adult-onset immunodeficiency: case-based review. Rheumatol Int 39: 1995ā2003.
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Microsporidial myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis is a life-threatening and emerging microsporidiosis among immunocompromised hosts. This article reports a case of disseminated microsporidiosis caused by T. hominis in southern Thailand. The patient had HIV and presented at the clinic with incapacitating muscle pain. She was diagnosed with disseminated microsporidiosis. Molecular identification revealed the sequence of 18S ribosomal RNA gene involving sequences sharing 99% nucleotide identity with T. hominis from an Australian patient. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the detection of T. hominis microsporidia in an HIV patient in Thailand.
Financial support: This work was supported by the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research, and Innovation-CU (grant no. B16F630071), and Thailand Science Research Innovation (TSRI)-CU (grant no. FRB640001).
Authorsā addresses: Pisud Siripaitoon and Thanaporn Hortiwakul, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, E-mails: spisud@medicine.psu.ac.th and hratri@medicine.psu.ac.th. Nirin Seatamanoch, Narisa Brownell, Switt Kongdachalert, and Padet Siriyasatien, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, and Vector Biology and Vector borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: bownirin@gmail.com, narisa.br@chula.ac.th, switt1995@gmail.com, and padet.s@chula.ac.th. Atchara Phumee, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand, E-mail: amphumee@gmail.com.
Wadi L, Reinke AW, 2020. Evolution of microsporidia: an extremely successful group of eukaryotic intracellular parasites. PLoS Pathog 16: e1008276.
Han B, Weiss LM, 2017. Microsporidia: obligate intracellular pathogens within the fungal kingdom. Microbiol Spectr 5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0018-2016.
Visvesvara GS, 2002. In vitro cultivation of microsporidia of clinical importance. Clin Microbiol Rev 15: 401ā413.
Garcia LS, 2002. Laboratory identification of the microsporidia. J Clin Microbiol 40: 1892ā1901.
Ashfaq A, White AC, 2013. Microsporidiasis. Handb Clin Neurol 114: 183ā191.
Didier ES, 2005. Microsporidiosis: an emerging and opportunistic infection in humans and animals. Acta Trop 94: 61ā76.
Qiu L, Xia W, Li W, Ping J, Ding S, Liu H, 2019. The prevalence of microsporidia in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 9: 3174.
Margileth AM, Strano AJ, Chandra R, Neafie R, Blum M, McCully RM, 1973. Disseminated nosematosis in an immunologically compromised infant. Arch Pathol 95: 145ā150.
Yachnis AT, Berg J, Martinez-Salazar A, Bender BS, Diaz L, Rojiani AM, Eskin TA, Orenstein JM, 1996. Disseminated microsporidiosis especially infecting the brain, heart, and kidneys: report of a newly recognized pansporoblastic species in two symptomatic AIDS patients. Am J Clin Pathol 106: 535ā543.
Svedhem V, Lebbad M, Hedkvist B, Del Aguila C, Hedman P, Larsson R, Navajas R, Aust-Kettis A, 2002. Disseminated infection with encephalitozoon intestinalis in AIDS patients: report of 2 cases. Scand J Infect Dis 34: 703ā705.
Boileau M, Ferreira J, Ahmad I, LavallƩe C, Qvarnstrom Y, Dufresne SF, 2016. Successful treatment of disseminated anncaliia algerae Microsporidial infection with combination fumagillin and albendazole. Open Forum Infect Dis 3: ofw158.
Mohindra AR, Lee MW, Visvesvara G, Moura H, Parasuraman R, Leitch GJ, Xiao L, Yee J, del Busto R, 2002. Disseminated microsporidiosis in a renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 4: 102ā107.
Suankratay C, Thiansukhon E, Nilaratanakul V, Putaporntip C, Jongwutiwes S, 2012. Disseminated infection caused by novel species of Microsporidium, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 302ā304.
HernĆ”ndez-RodrĆguez OX, Alvarez-Torres O, Ofelia Uribe-Uribe N, 2012. Microsporidia infection in a Mexican kidney transplant recipient. Case Rep Nephrol 2012: 928083.
Hollister WS, Canning EU, Weidner E, Field AS, Kench J, Marriott DJ, 1996. Development and ultrastructure of Trachipleistophora hominis n.g., n.sp. after inĀ vitro isolation from an AIDS patient and inoculation into athymic mice. Parasitology 112: 143ā154.
Ledford DK, Overman MD, Gonzalvo A, Cali A, Mester SW, Lockey RF, 1985. Microsporidiosis myositis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 102: 628ā630.
Chupp GL, Alroy J, Adelman LS, Breen JC, Skolnik PR, 1993. Myositis due to pleistophora (microsporidia) in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 16: 15ā21.
Field AS, Marriott DJ, Milliken ST, Brew BJ, Canning EU, Kench JG, Darveniza P, Harkness JL, 1996. Myositis associated with a newly described microsporidian, Trachipleistophora hominis, in a patient with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol 34: 2803ā2811.
Rauz S, Tuft S, Dart JKG, Bonshek R, Luthert P, Curry A, 2004. Ultrastructural examination of two cases of stromal microsporidial keratitis. J Med Microbiol 53: 775ā781.
Curry A, Beeching NJ, Gilbert JD, Scott G, Rowland PL, Currie BJ, 2005. Trachipleistophora hominis infection in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of a patient with AIDS. J Infect 51: e139āe144.
Grau A, Valls ME, Williams JE, Ellis DS, MuntanĆ© MJ, Nadal C, 1996. Myositis caused by Pleistophora in a patient with AIDS. Med Clin (Barc) 107: 779ā781.
Koudela B, VĆ”vra J, Canning EU, 2004. Experimental infection of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with the human microsporidian Trachipleistophora hominis. Parasitology 128: 377ā384.
Anane S, Attouchi H, 2010. Microsporidiosis: epidemiology, clinical data and therapy. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 34: 450ā464.
George B, Coates T, McDonald S, Russ G, Cherian S, Nolan J, Brealey J, 2012. Disseminated microsporidiosis with Encephalitozoon species in a renal transplant recipient. Nephrology (Carlton) 17 (Suppl 1):5ā8.
Pariyakanok L, Jongwutiwes S, 2005. Keratitis caused by Trachipleistophora anthropopthera. J Infect 51: 325ā328.
Sundaram TG, Aggarwal A, Ganguly S, Iangngap EK, Marak RSK, Gupta L, 2019. Microsporidial myositis in adult-onset immunodeficiency: case-based review. Rheumatol Int 39: 1995ā2003.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 835 | 192 | 18 |
Full Text Views | 149 | 25 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 170 | 18 | 0 |