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Cunha MG, Medina TS, Oliveira SG, Marinho AN, Póvoa MM, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AKC, 2009. Development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on amplification of mitochondrial DNA to detect Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Acta Trop 111: 35–38.
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Batista-dos-Santos S, Freitas DRC, Raiol M, Cabral GF, Póvoa MM, Cunha MG, Ribeiro-dos-Santos A, 2018. Strategy to improve malaria surveillance system preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks using molecular diagnostic. Malar J 17: 344.
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| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2450 | 1473 | 116 |
| Full Text Views | 286 | 138 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 140 | 13 | 0 |
Mixed Plasmodium malariae Infections Were Underdetected in a Malaria Endemic Area in the Amazon Region, Brazil
Maristela G. Cunha
Maristela G. Cunha
Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;
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Camille S. Santos
Camille S. Santos
Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;
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Milene Raiol
Milene Raiol
Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;
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Sheyla Patrícia T. Costa
Sheyla Patrícia T. Costa
Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;
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Ana Maria R. Ventura
Ana Maria R. Ventura
Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
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Marinete M. Póvoa
Marinete M. Póvoa
Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
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Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;
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ABSTRACT.
Plasmodium malariae infections are often asymptomatic and long-lasting. Mixed infections are often underdetected in areas where P. malariae, P. vivax, and P. falciparum are coendemic. In this study, we described the occurrence of these species circulating as single or mixed infections in Pará state, Brazil, in the Amazon region, with the purpose of clarifying the impact of misidentification of parasite species based only on morphological description using thick blood smear. By using real-time polymerase chain reaction based on the amplification of the mitochondrial DNA, we detected a prevalence of 46% (58/126) mixed infections with 33.3% P. malariae/P. vivax which were read as P. vivax monoinfections by microscopy detection. Our findings confirmed the high circulation of P. malariae in a malaria endemic area in the Brazilian Amazon region.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Maristela G. Cunha and Sheyla Patrícia T. Costa, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil, E-mails: mgcunha@ufpa.br and sheylapatricia@gmail.com. Camille S. Santos, Milene Raiol, and Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil, E-mails: camillebiologia@gmail.com, mileneraiol@uol.com.br, and akelyufpa@gmail.com. Ana Maria R. Ventura and Marinete M. Póvoa, Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil, E-mails: ana_mariaventura@hotmail.com and povoamm@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mayxay M, Pukrittayakamee S, Newton PN, White NJ, 2004. Mixed-species malaria infections in humans. Trends Parasitol 20: 233–240.
-
2.
Mueller I, Zimmerman PA, Reeder JC, 2007. Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale—the “bashful” malaria parasites. Trends Parasitol 23: 278–283.
-
3.
World Malaria Report , 2020. 20 Years of Global Progress and Challenges. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924001579. Accessed February 5, 2021.
-
4.
Oliveira-Ferreira J, Lacerda MV, Brasil P, Ladislau JL, Tauil PL, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, 2010. Malaria in Brazil: an overview. Malar J 9: 115.
-
5.
Carlos BC, Rona LDP, Christophides GK, Souza-Neto JA, 2019. A Comprehensive analysis of malaria transmission in Brazil. Pathog Glob Health 113: 1–13.
-
6.
Cavasini MTV, Ribeiro WL, Kawamoto F, Ferreira MU, 2000. How prevalent is Plasmodium malariae in Rondônia, western Brazilian Amazon? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 33: 489–492.
-
7.
Collins WE, Jeffery GM, 2007. Plasmodium malariae: parasite and disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 20: 579–592.
-
8.
Schindler T et al., 2019. Two cases of long-lasting, sub-miscrocopic Plasmodium malariae infections in adults from coastal Tanzania. Malar J 18: 149.
-
9.
Kotepui M, Kotepui KU, Milanez GD, Masangkay FR, 2020. Global prevalence and mortality of severe Plasmodium malariae infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Malar J 19: 274.
-
10.
Vinetz JM, Li J, McCutchan TF, Kaslow DC, 1998. Plasmodium malariae infection in an asymptomatic 74-year-old Greek woman with splenomegaly. N Engl J Med 338: 367–371.
-
11.
Kotepui M, Kotepui KU, Milanez GD, Masangkay FR, 2020. Prevalence and proportion of Plasmodium spp. triple mixed infections compared with double mixed infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Malar J 19: 224.
-
12.
Kimura M, Kaneko O, Liu Q, Zhou M, Kawamoto F, Wataya Y, Otani S, Yamaguchi Y, Tanabe K, 1997. Identification of the four species of human malaria parasites by nested PCR that targets variant sequences in the small subunit rRNA gene. Parasitol Int 46: 91–95.
-
13.
Cunha MG, Medina TS, Oliveira SG, Marinho AN, Póvoa MM, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AKC, 2009. Development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on amplification of mitochondrial DNA to detect Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Acta Trop 111: 35–38.
-
14.
Batista-dos-Santos S, Freitas DRC, Raiol M, Cabral GF, Póvoa MM, Cunha MG, Ribeiro-dos-Santos A, 2018. Strategy to improve malaria surveillance system preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks using molecular diagnostic. Malar J 17: 344.
-
15.
Recht J, Siqueira AM, Monteiro WM, Herrera SM, Herrera S, Lacerda MVG, 2017. Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination. Malar J 16: 273.
-
16.
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde , 2005. Manual de Diag Lab da Malária. Brasília, Brazil: Ministério da Saúde. Available at: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/malaria_diag_manual_final.pdf.
-
17.
Scopel KKG, Fontes CJF, Nunes AC, Horta MF, Braga EM, 2004. High prevalence of Plasmodium malariae infections in a Brazilian Amazon endemic area (Apiacás—Mato Grosso State) as detected by polymerase chain reaction. Acta Trop 90: 61–64.
-
18.
Collins WE, Contacos PG, Chin W, 1973. Experimental infection in man with Plasmodium malariae. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22: 685–692.
-
19.
Camargo-Ayala PA, Cubides JR, Niño CH, Camargo M, Rodríguez-Celis CA, Quiñones T, Sánchez-Suárez L, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA, 2016. High Plasmodium malariae prevalence in an endemic area of the Colombian Amazon region. PLoS One 11: e0159968.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2450 | 1473 | 116 |
| Full Text Views | 286 | 138 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 140 | 13 | 0 |