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1.
World Health Organization , 2017. Neglected Tropical Diseases. Available from: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/. Accessed November 17, 2017.
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2.
Elson L , Wright K , Swift J , Feldmeier H , 2017. Control of tungiasis in absence of a roadmap: grassroots and global approaches. Trop Med Infect Dis 2: 33.
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3.
Miller H , Ocampo J , Ayala A , Trujillo J , Feldmeier H , 2019. Very severe tungiasis in Amerindians in the Amazon lowland of Colombia: a case series. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007068.
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4.
Franco-Salazar N , González B , Franco-Salazar V , Chinchilla O , Caraballo RV , Rodriguez-Garcia O , 2016. Tungiasis in Cañifle residents, Sucre municipality, Sucre state, Venezuela. Saber. Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela 28: 90–98.
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5.
Heukelbach J , Wilcke T , Harms G , Feldmeier H , 2005. Seasonal variation of tungiasis in an endemic community. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 145–149.
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6.
Fich F , Del Barrio-DÃaz P , Kam S , Celle V , Concha M , Kolbach M , Carrasco-Zuber JE , 2013. Tungiasis, una enfermedad tropical emergente en Chile: comunicación de tres casos clÃnicos importados. Rev Chilena Infectol 30: 676–679.
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Sanford CA , Fung C , 2012. Illness in the returned international traveler. Med Clin North Am 100: 393–409.
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INEC , 2020. Organismo Público. Available at: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Sitios/inec_salud/index.html.
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Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador , 2020. Registro Diario Automatizado de Consultas y Atenciones Ambulatorias (RDACAA). Available at: https://sgrdacaa.msp.gob.ec/.
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Pan American Health Organization/World Health Orgaization , 2021. Informal Meeting on the Development of a Conceptual Framework for the Control of Tungiasis, January 11–13, 2021.
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Linardi PM , de Avelar DM , 2014. Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals. Parasitol Res 113: 3517–3533.
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Leung AKC , Woo T , Robson LMW , Trotter MJ , 2007. A tourist with tungiasis. CMAJ 177: 343–344.
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Nordin P , Thielecke M , Ngomi N , Mudanga G , Krantz I , Feldmeier H , 2017. Treatment of tungiasis with a two-component dimeticone: a comparison between moistening the whole foot and directly targeting the embedded sand fleas. Trop Med Health 45: 6.
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14.
Winter B , Oliveira FA , Wilcke T , Heukelbach J & Feldmeier H. 2009. Tungiasis-related knowledge and treatment practices in two endemic communities in northeast Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries 3: 458–466.
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Case Report: Evidence of Tungiasis in the Amazon Rain Forest of Ecuador
Manuel Calvopiña
Manuel Calvopiña
One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad De Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador;
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Jacob Bezemer
Jacob Bezemer
Fundación Misión Cristiana de Salud, Shell, Pastaza, Ecuador,
Experimental Parasitology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Experimental Parasitology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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ABSTRACT.
Tungiasis occurs in tropical and subtropical areas in Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa and is a Neglected Tropical Disease. We diagnosed three cases of tungiasis in a Dutch family visiting indigenous communities in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Eight days after returning, they presented papular, pruritic, and painful lesions on the feet, with a whitish halo and a blackish central point with abundant whitish eggs upon extraction. For the first time, we demonstrate that Tunga spp. transmission is present in remote indigenous communities in the Amazon rainforest of Ecuador. It will be important to investigate the occurrence of tungiasis and associated morbidity among local inhabitants and consider prevention measures among locals and travelers to these areas.
Author Notes
Financial support: Foundation Latin Link Nederland and Dirección General de Investigación y Vinculación, Universidad De Las Américas (UDLA) Quito, Ecuador (Proyecto MED.MCH.19.08).
Authors’ addresses: Manuel Calvopiña, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad De Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador, E-mail: manuel.calvopina@udla.edu.ec. Jacob Bezemer, Fundación Misión Cristiana de Salud, Shell, Pastaza, Ecuador, E-mail: j.m.bezemer@amc.uva.nl.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization , 2017. Neglected Tropical Diseases. Available from: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/. Accessed November 17, 2017.
-
2.
Elson L , Wright K , Swift J , Feldmeier H , 2017. Control of tungiasis in absence of a roadmap: grassroots and global approaches. Trop Med Infect Dis 2: 33.
-
3.
Miller H , Ocampo J , Ayala A , Trujillo J , Feldmeier H , 2019. Very severe tungiasis in Amerindians in the Amazon lowland of Colombia: a case series. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007068.
-
4.
Franco-Salazar N , González B , Franco-Salazar V , Chinchilla O , Caraballo RV , Rodriguez-Garcia O , 2016. Tungiasis in Cañifle residents, Sucre municipality, Sucre state, Venezuela. Saber. Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela 28: 90–98.
-
5.
Heukelbach J , Wilcke T , Harms G , Feldmeier H , 2005. Seasonal variation of tungiasis in an endemic community. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 145–149.
-
6.
Fich F , Del Barrio-DÃaz P , Kam S , Celle V , Concha M , Kolbach M , Carrasco-Zuber JE , 2013. Tungiasis, una enfermedad tropical emergente en Chile: comunicación de tres casos clÃnicos importados. Rev Chilena Infectol 30: 676–679.
-
7.
Sanford CA , Fung C , 2012. Illness in the returned international traveler. Med Clin North Am 100: 393–409.
-
8.
INEC , 2020. Organismo Público. Available at: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Sitios/inec_salud/index.html.
-
9.
Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador , 2020. Registro Diario Automatizado de Consultas y Atenciones Ambulatorias (RDACAA). Available at: https://sgrdacaa.msp.gob.ec/.
-
10.
Pan American Health Organization/World Health Orgaization , 2021. Informal Meeting on the Development of a Conceptual Framework for the Control of Tungiasis, January 11–13, 2021.
-
11.
Linardi PM , de Avelar DM , 2014. Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals. Parasitol Res 113: 3517–3533.
-
12.
Leung AKC , Woo T , Robson LMW , Trotter MJ , 2007. A tourist with tungiasis. CMAJ 177: 343–344.
-
13.
Nordin P , Thielecke M , Ngomi N , Mudanga G , Krantz I , Feldmeier H , 2017. Treatment of tungiasis with a two-component dimeticone: a comparison between moistening the whole foot and directly targeting the embedded sand fleas. Trop Med Health 45: 6.
-
14.
Winter B , Oliveira FA , Wilcke T , Heukelbach J & Feldmeier H. 2009. Tungiasis-related knowledge and treatment practices in two endemic communities in northeast Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries 3: 458–466.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2085 | 1418 | 54 |
| Full Text Views | 218 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 107 | 14 | 0 |