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1.
Thomas S , Ravishankaran S , Justin NJ , Asokan A , Mathai MT , Valecha N , Thomas MB , Eapen A , 2016. Overhead tank is the potential breeding habitat of Anopheles stephensi in an urban transmission setting of Chennai, India. Malar J 15: 274.
-
2.
Thomas S , Ravishankaran S , Justin NJ , Asokan A , Mathai MT , Valecha N , Montgomery J , Thomas MB , Eapen A , 2017. Resting and feeding preferences of Anopheles stephensi in an urban setting, perennial for malaria. Malar J 16: 111.
-
3.
Thomas S , Ravishankaran S , Justin NJ , Asokan A , Kalsingh TM , Mathai MT , Valecha N , Montgomery J , Thomas MB , Eapen A , 2018. Microclimate variables of the ambient environment deliver the actual estimates of the extrinsic incubation period of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum: a study from a malaria-endemic urban setting, Chennai in India. Malar J 17: 201.
-
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Van Eijk AM et al.2016. What is the value of reactive case detection in malaria control? A case-study in India and a systematic review. Malar J 15: 67.
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Van Eijk AM et al.2016. The use of mosquito repellents at three sites in India with declining malaria transmission: surveys in the community and clinic. Parasit Vectors 9: 418.
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Van Eijk AM et al.2019. The burden of submicroscopic and asymptomatic malaria in India revealed from epidemiology studies at three varied transmission sites in India. Sci Rep 9: 1–1.
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Nagpal BN , Srivastava A , Saxena R , Ansari MA , Dash AP , Das SC , 2005. Pictorial Identification Key for Indian Anophelines. Delhi, India: Malaria Research Centre.
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Basseri HR , Raeisi A , Khakha MR , Pakarai A , Abdolghafar H , 2010. Seasonal abundance and host-feeding patterns of anopheline vectors in malaria endemic area of Iran. J Parasitol Res 2010: 671291.
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Dev V , Sharma VP & Manguin S Anopheles mosquitoes: New insights into malaria vectors IntechOpen.
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Angeline N , Anbazhagan S , Surekha A , Joseph S , Kiran PR , 2017. Health impact of chennai floods 2015: observations in a medical relief camp. Int J Health Syst Disaster Manage 5: 46.
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Brogdon W , Chan A , 2010. Guideline for Evaluating Insecticide Resistance in Vectors Using the CDC Bottle Bioassay. Atlanta, GA: CDC.
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Thomas S , Ravishankaran S , Asokan A , Justin NJ , Kalsingh TM , Mathai MT , Valecha N , Eapen A , 2018. Socio-demographic and household attributes may not necessarily influence malaria: evidence from a cross sectional study of households in an urban slum setting of Chennai, India. Malar J 17: 4.
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Are Dawn Collections of Anopheles stephensi a Better Method To Estimate the Resting Vector Density? A Study from Chennai, India
Sangamithra Ravishankaran
Sangamithra Ravishankaran
ICMR - National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Chennai, India;
Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai, India;
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Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai, India;
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Aswin Asokan
Aswin Asokan
ICMR - National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Chennai, India;
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N. A. Johnson Amala Justin
N. A. Johnson Amala Justin
Regional Office for Health and Family Welfare, Chennai, India
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Shalu Thomas
Shalu Thomas
ICMR - National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Chennai, India;
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Manu Thomas Mathai
Manu Thomas Mathai
Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai, India;
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Alex Eapen
Alex Eapen
ICMR - National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Chennai, India;
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ABSTRACT.
The study was an attempt to capture Anopheles stephensi from cattle sheds during dawn to understand the realistic density of the resting mosquitoes. A 2-year longitudinal study was carried out in cattle sheds in close proximity to the human dwellings to collect the resting vector mosquitoes. The man-hour density of An. stephensi ranged from 24.7 to 206.5. The vector incrimination results indicated 0.15% of An. stephensi infected with Pv210 in 2015 and 0.09% in 2016. The current study indicated that cattle sheds are still the preferred resting place of An. stephensi and that dawn is the perfect time to collect and estimate its densities. Hence, adult vector control may also be given due importance in addition to the routine larval source management measures to curb malaria transmission in an urban setting.
Author Notes
Financial support: The work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH Grant U19AI089676. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Authors’ addresses: Sangamithra Ravishankaran, Aswin Asokan, and Shalu Thomas, ICMR - National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, NIE Campus, Ayapakkam, Chennai, India, E-mails: vr.sangamithra@gmail.com, ashwinviro@gmail.com, and jyshalu@gmail.com. N. Johnson Amala Justin, Regional Office for Health and Family Welfare, Rajaji Bhavan, Besant Nagar, Chennai, India, E-mail: johnsonamalajustin@gmail.com. Manu Thomas Mathai, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, India, E-mail: manuthomasmcc@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Thomas S , Ravishankaran S , Justin NJ , Asokan A , Mathai MT , Valecha N , Thomas MB , Eapen A , 2016. Overhead tank is the potential breeding habitat of Anopheles stephensi in an urban transmission setting of Chennai, India. Malar J 15: 274.
-
2.
Thomas S , Ravishankaran S , Justin NJ , Asokan A , Mathai MT , Valecha N , Montgomery J , Thomas MB , Eapen A , 2017. Resting and feeding preferences of Anopheles stephensi in an urban setting, perennial for malaria. Malar J 16: 111.
-
3.
Thomas S , Ravishankaran S , Justin NJ , Asokan A , Kalsingh TM , Mathai MT , Valecha N , Montgomery J , Thomas MB , Eapen A , 2018. Microclimate variables of the ambient environment deliver the actual estimates of the extrinsic incubation period of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum: a study from a malaria-endemic urban setting, Chennai in India. Malar J 17: 201.
-
4.
Van Eijk AM et al.2016. What is the value of reactive case detection in malaria control? A case-study in India and a systematic review. Malar J 15: 67.
-
5.
Van Eijk AM et al.2016. The use of mosquito repellents at three sites in India with declining malaria transmission: surveys in the community and clinic. Parasit Vectors 9: 418.
-
6.
Van Eijk AM et al.2019. The burden of submicroscopic and asymptomatic malaria in India revealed from epidemiology studies at three varied transmission sites in India. Sci Rep 9: 1–1.
-
7.
Nagpal BN , Srivastava A , Saxena R , Ansari MA , Dash AP , Das SC , 2005. Pictorial Identification Key for Indian Anophelines. Delhi, India: Malaria Research Centre.
-
8.
Nagpal BN , Sharma VP , 1995. Indian Anophelines. New Delhi, India: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd.
-
9.
WHO , 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria: Methods and Techniques, Part 2. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Division of Malaria Other Parasitic Diseases.
-
10.
Basseri HR , Raeisi A , Khakha MR , Pakarai A , Abdolghafar H , 2010. Seasonal abundance and host-feeding patterns of anopheline vectors in malaria endemic area of Iran. J Parasitol Res 2010: 671291.
-
11.
Wirtz R , Avery M , Benedict M , 2007. Plasmodium sporozoite ELISA. MR4: 11.
-
12.
Dev V , Sharma VP & Manguin S Anopheles mosquitoes: New insights into malaria vectors IntechOpen.
-
13.
Angeline N , Anbazhagan S , Surekha A , Joseph S , Kiran PR , 2017. Health impact of chennai floods 2015: observations in a medical relief camp. Int J Health Syst Disaster Manage 5: 46.
-
14.
Brogdon W , Chan A , 2010. Guideline for Evaluating Insecticide Resistance in Vectors Using the CDC Bottle Bioassay. Atlanta, GA: CDC.
-
15.
Thomas S , Ravishankaran S , Asokan A , Justin NJ , Kalsingh TM , Mathai MT , Valecha N , Eapen A , 2018. Socio-demographic and household attributes may not necessarily influence malaria: evidence from a cross sectional study of households in an urban slum setting of Chennai, India. Malar J 17: 4.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1538 | 787 | 61 |
| Full Text Views | 257 | 120 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 127 | 18 | 0 |