Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Pasaribu AP , Alam A , Sembiring K , Pasaribu S , Setiabudi D , 2019. Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school children living in an agricultural area of North Sumatera, Indonesia. BMC Public Health 19 (1066 ). doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7397-6.
-
2.
World Health Organization , 2015. Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Third WHO Report on Neglected Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.
-
3.
Becker SL et al., 2018. Toward the 2020 goal of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006606.
-
4.
World Health Assembly , 2001. Fifty-fourth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 14–22 May 2001, Resolutions and Decisions. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260183.
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5.
World Health Organization , 2017. Preventive Chemotherapy to Control Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections in At-Risk Population Groups. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/deworming/en/.
-
6.
World Health Organization , 2012. Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases: Eliminating as Public Health Problem Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Children: Progress Report 2001–2010 and Strategic Plan 2011–2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44804. Accessed September 12, 2020.
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7.
World Health Organization , 2011. Helminth Control in School-Age Children: A Guide for Managers of Control Programs (2nd ed.)
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8.
Silver ZA , Kaliappan SP , Samuel P , Venugopal S , Kang G , Sarkar R , Ajjampur S , 2018. Geographical distribution of soil transmitted helminths and the effects of community type in South Asia and South East Asia—a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006153.
-
9.
Abraham D , Kaliappan SP , Walson JL , Rao Ajjampur S , 2018. Intervention strategies to reduce the burden of soil-transmitted helminths in India. Indian J Med Res 147: 533–544.
-
10.
Salam N , Azam S , 2017. Prevalence and distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infections in India. BMC Public Health 17: 201. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4113-2.
-
11.
Traub RJ , Robertson ID , Irwin P , Mencke N , Thompson RCA , 2004. The prevalence, intensities and risk factors associated with geohelminth infection in tea-growing communities of Assam, India. Trop Med Int Health 9: 688–701.
-
12.
Narain K , Medhi G K , Rajguru S K , Mahanta J , 2004. Cure and re-infection patterns of geohelminthic infections after treatment in communities inhabiting the tropical rainforest of Assam, India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35.
-
13.
Devi U , Barkatoky B , Barua P , Mahanta J , 2009. Burden of ascariasis in schoolchildren of Assam. J Commun Dis 41: 289–292.
-
14.
Climate Research and Services, India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune , n.d. Observed Rainfall Variability and Changes over Assam State. Available at: http://imdpune.gov.in/hydrology/rainfall%20variability%20page/assam. Accessed September 15, 2020.
-
15.
Daniel WW (ed.), 1999. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences (7th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
-
16.
Government of Assam, Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission , n.d. National Deworming Day (NDD). Available at: https://nhm.assam.gov.in/frontimpotentdata/national-deworming-dayndd#:∼. Accessed September 12, 2020.
-
17.
Ganguly S et al., 2017. High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among primary school children, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2015. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 139.
-
18.
al Greenland K , 2015. The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths in Bihar State, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003790.
-
19.
Naish S , McCarthy J , Williams GM , 2004. Prevalence, intensity and risk factors for soil-transmitted helminth infection in a South Indian fishing village. Acta Trop 91: 177–187. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.04.004.
-
20.
Das S , Mukherjee A , Mallick S , Bhattacherjee S , Chakraborty S , Dasgupta S , 2019. Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infestations among children attending Integrated Child Development Service centers in a tea garden area in Darjeeling. Trop Parasitol 9: 23–29.
-
21.
Mahapatra A , Mohanty N , Behera BK , Dhal S , Praharaj AK , 2020. Soil transmitted helminth infections among school going age children of slums from Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Trop Parasitol 10: 34–38.
-
22.
Sharma SK et al., 2012. Haemoglobinopathies-major associating determinants in prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girl students of Assam, India. WHO South-East Asia J Public Health 1: 299–308.
-
23.
Kattula D et al., 2014. Prevalence and risk factors for soil transmitted helminth infection among school children in south India. Indian J Med Res 139: 76–82.
-
24.
Bah YM et al., 2019. Soil-transmitted helminth infection in school age children in Sierra Leone after a decade of preventive chemotherapy interventions. Infect Dis Poverty 8: 41. doi: 10.1186/s40249-019-0553-5.
-
25.
Dold C , Holland CV , 2011. Ascaris and ascariasis. Microbes Infect 13: 632–637. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.09.012.
-
26.
Hotez PJ et al.Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: World Bank; Chapter 24. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11748/.
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27.
Hotez PJ , Brooker S , Bethony JM , Bottazzi ME , Loukas A , Xiao S , 2004. Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 351: 799–807.
-
28.
Gabrie JA , Rueda MM , Canales M , Gyorkos TW , Sanchez AL , 2014. School hygiene and deworming are key protective factors for reduced transmission of soil-transmitted helminths among schoolchildren in Honduras. Parasit Vectors 7: 354. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-354.
-
29.
Abossie A , Seid M , 2014. Assessment of the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and associated risk factors among primary school children in Chencha town, southern Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 14: 166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-166.
-
30.
Anuradha R , Dutta R , Raja JD , Lawrence D , Timsi J , Sivaprakasam P , 2017. Role of community in Swachh Bharat Mission. Their knowledge, attitude and practices of sanitary latrine usage in rural areas, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Community Med 42: 107–110.
-
31.
Ray SK , Zaman FA , Laskar NB , 2010. Hand washing practices in two communities of two states of Eastern India: an intervention study. Indian J Public Health 54: 126–130.
-
32.
World Health Organization , 2017. Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
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33.
Government of India , n.d. Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation. Swachh Bharat Mission–Grameen. Available at: https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/sbmcms/index.htm Accessed September 11, 2020.
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34.
Venkataramanan V , Crocker J , Karon A , Bartram J , 2018. Community-led total sanitation: a mixed-methods systematic review of evidence and its quality. Environ Health Perspect 126: 026001.
-
35.
Mejia Torres RE , Franco Garcia DN , Fontecha Sandoval GA , Hernandez Santana A , Singh P , Buchelli STM , Saboya M , Yolanda Paz M , 2014. Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis, prevalence of malaria and nutritional status of school going children in Honduras. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3248.
-
36.
Jia TW , Melville S , Utzinger J , King CH , Zhou XN , 2012. Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1621.
-
37.
Otto GF , 1930. Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment, loss of worms and reinfestation. JAMA 95: 194–196.
-
38.
Hesham Al-Mekhlafi M , Surin J , Atiya AS , Ariffin WA , Mohammed Mahdy AK , Che Abdullah H , 2008. Pattern and predictors of soil-transmitted helminth reinfection among aboriginal schoolchildren in rural Peninsular Malaysia. Acta Trop 107: 200–204.
-
39.
Isah AUJ , Ekwunife OI , Ejie IL , Mandrik O , 2020. Effects of nutritional supplements on the re-infection rate of soil-transmitted helminths in school-age children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 15: e0237112.
-
40.
Keiser J , Utzinger J , 2020. Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 299: 1937–1948.
-
41.
al Knopp S , 2014. Diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz, FLOTAC, Baermann, and PCR methods for the detection of light-intensity hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 535–545.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1170 | 396 | 61 |
| Full Text Views | 337 | 120 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 203 | 63 | 0 |
Assessment of the Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Associated Risk Factors among School-Aged Children in a Flood-Affected Area of Northeast India
Sangeeta Deka
Sangeeta Deka
Department of Microbiology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital (FAAMCH), Barpeta, Assam, India;
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Dipankar Barua
Dipankar Barua
Department of Pathology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital (FAAMCH), Barpeta, Assam, India;
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Yogesh Bahurupi
Yogesh Bahurupi
Departmentof Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India;
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Deepjyoti Kalita
Deepjyoti Kalita
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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ABSTRACT.
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is a major disease burden in developing countries, with a considerable share borne by India. Currently, the principal strategy of the World Health Organization for the control of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) is mass deworming in the high-risk population based on the prevalence and intensity of infection in a region. However, the disease load of STH remains unknown in many regions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among children in the age group of 5–13 years in Barpeta, Assam, to ascertain the prevalence of STH infection in school-aged children and its probable risk factors. Socio-demographic and epidemiologic data were gathered using a piloted questionnaire. Geohelminths were identified by the Kato–Katz method. Association with probable risk-factors was analyzed by binomial logistic regression. Overall, 16.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.9–19.8] of children were found to be infected with one or more of the three STHs. Ascaris, hookworm, and Trichuris infections were observed in 9.4%, 7.4%, and 5.3%, respectively. The strongest predictors for the presence of any STH with multivariable analysis were open defecation (habitual or occasional), lack of proper handwashing, living in homes affected by flood, and age group of 8–10 years. The availability of proper handwashing stations in schools was found to be protective against Trichuris. Awareness among the people regarding sanitation and personal hygiene, particularly in the post-flood scenario, is imperative for sustainable control of STH infections. Preventive deworming should be continued; however, the time and frequency must be adjusted according to the prevailing climatic conditions in the region under study.
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Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Sangeeta Deka, Department of Microbiology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital (FAAMCH), Barpeta, Assam, India, and Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, E-mail: drsangeeta2009@gmail.com. Dipankar Barua, Department of Pathology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital (FAAMCH), Barpeta, Assam, India, E-mail: dipankarbaruahfaamch@gmail.com. Yogesh Bahurupi, Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, E-mail: yogeshbrishikesh@gmail.com. Deepjyoti Kalita, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, E-mail: dkalita@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Pasaribu AP , Alam A , Sembiring K , Pasaribu S , Setiabudi D , 2019. Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school children living in an agricultural area of North Sumatera, Indonesia. BMC Public Health 19 (1066 ). doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7397-6.
-
2.
World Health Organization , 2015. Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Third WHO Report on Neglected Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.
-
3.
Becker SL et al., 2018. Toward the 2020 goal of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006606. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006606.
-
4.
World Health Assembly , 2001. Fifty-fourth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 14–22 May 2001, Resolutions and Decisions. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260183.
-
5.
World Health Organization , 2017. Preventive Chemotherapy to Control Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections in At-Risk Population Groups. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/deworming/en/.
-
6.
World Health Organization , 2012. Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases: Eliminating as Public Health Problem Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Children: Progress Report 2001–2010 and Strategic Plan 2011–2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44804. Accessed September 12, 2020.
-
7.
World Health Organization , 2011. Helminth Control in School-Age Children: A Guide for Managers of Control Programs (2nd ed.)
-
8.
Silver ZA , Kaliappan SP , Samuel P , Venugopal S , Kang G , Sarkar R , Ajjampur S , 2018. Geographical distribution of soil transmitted helminths and the effects of community type in South Asia and South East Asia—a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006153.
-
9.
Abraham D , Kaliappan SP , Walson JL , Rao Ajjampur S , 2018. Intervention strategies to reduce the burden of soil-transmitted helminths in India. Indian J Med Res 147: 533–544.
-
10.
Salam N , Azam S , 2017. Prevalence and distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infections in India. BMC Public Health 17: 201. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4113-2.
-
11.
Traub RJ , Robertson ID , Irwin P , Mencke N , Thompson RCA , 2004. The prevalence, intensities and risk factors associated with geohelminth infection in tea-growing communities of Assam, India. Trop Med Int Health 9: 688–701.
-
12.
Narain K , Medhi G K , Rajguru S K , Mahanta J , 2004. Cure and re-infection patterns of geohelminthic infections after treatment in communities inhabiting the tropical rainforest of Assam, India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35.
-
13.
Devi U , Barkatoky B , Barua P , Mahanta J , 2009. Burden of ascariasis in schoolchildren of Assam. J Commun Dis 41: 289–292.
-
14.
Climate Research and Services, India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune , n.d. Observed Rainfall Variability and Changes over Assam State. Available at: http://imdpune.gov.in/hydrology/rainfall%20variability%20page/assam. Accessed September 15, 2020.
-
15.
Daniel WW (ed.), 1999. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences (7th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
-
16.
Government of Assam, Health and Family Welfare, National Health Mission , n.d. National Deworming Day (NDD). Available at: https://nhm.assam.gov.in/frontimpotentdata/national-deworming-dayndd#:∼. Accessed September 12, 2020.
-
17.
Ganguly S et al., 2017. High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among primary school children, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2015. Infect Dis Poverty 6: 139.
-
18.
al Greenland K , 2015. The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths in Bihar State, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003790.
-
19.
Naish S , McCarthy J , Williams GM , 2004. Prevalence, intensity and risk factors for soil-transmitted helminth infection in a South Indian fishing village. Acta Trop 91: 177–187. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.04.004.
-
20.
Das S , Mukherjee A , Mallick S , Bhattacherjee S , Chakraborty S , Dasgupta S , 2019. Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infestations among children attending Integrated Child Development Service centers in a tea garden area in Darjeeling. Trop Parasitol 9: 23–29.
-
21.
Mahapatra A , Mohanty N , Behera BK , Dhal S , Praharaj AK , 2020. Soil transmitted helminth infections among school going age children of slums from Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Trop Parasitol 10: 34–38.
-
22.
Sharma SK et al., 2012. Haemoglobinopathies-major associating determinants in prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girl students of Assam, India. WHO South-East Asia J Public Health 1: 299–308.
-
23.
Kattula D et al., 2014. Prevalence and risk factors for soil transmitted helminth infection among school children in south India. Indian J Med Res 139: 76–82.
-
24.
Bah YM et al., 2019. Soil-transmitted helminth infection in school age children in Sierra Leone after a decade of preventive chemotherapy interventions. Infect Dis Poverty 8: 41. doi: 10.1186/s40249-019-0553-5.
-
25.
Dold C , Holland CV , 2011. Ascaris and ascariasis. Microbes Infect 13: 632–637. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.09.012.
-
26.
Hotez PJ et al.Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: World Bank; Chapter 24. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11748/.
-
27.
Hotez PJ , Brooker S , Bethony JM , Bottazzi ME , Loukas A , Xiao S , 2004. Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 351: 799–807.
-
28.
Gabrie JA , Rueda MM , Canales M , Gyorkos TW , Sanchez AL , 2014. School hygiene and deworming are key protective factors for reduced transmission of soil-transmitted helminths among schoolchildren in Honduras. Parasit Vectors 7: 354. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-354.
-
29.
Abossie A , Seid M , 2014. Assessment of the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and associated risk factors among primary school children in Chencha town, southern Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 14: 166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-166.
-
30.
Anuradha R , Dutta R , Raja JD , Lawrence D , Timsi J , Sivaprakasam P , 2017. Role of community in Swachh Bharat Mission. Their knowledge, attitude and practices of sanitary latrine usage in rural areas, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Community Med 42: 107–110.
-
31.
Ray SK , Zaman FA , Laskar NB , 2010. Hand washing practices in two communities of two states of Eastern India: an intervention study. Indian J Public Health 54: 126–130.
-
32.
World Health Organization , 2017. Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
33.
Government of India , n.d. Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation. Swachh Bharat Mission–Grameen. Available at: https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/sbmcms/index.htm Accessed September 11, 2020.
-
34.
Venkataramanan V , Crocker J , Karon A , Bartram J , 2018. Community-led total sanitation: a mixed-methods systematic review of evidence and its quality. Environ Health Perspect 126: 026001.
-
35.
Mejia Torres RE , Franco Garcia DN , Fontecha Sandoval GA , Hernandez Santana A , Singh P , Buchelli STM , Saboya M , Yolanda Paz M , 2014. Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis, prevalence of malaria and nutritional status of school going children in Honduras. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3248.
-
36.
Jia TW , Melville S , Utzinger J , King CH , Zhou XN , 2012. Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1621.
-
37.
Otto GF , 1930. Ascaris lumbricoides, treatment, loss of worms and reinfestation. JAMA 95: 194–196.
-
38.
Hesham Al-Mekhlafi M , Surin J , Atiya AS , Ariffin WA , Mohammed Mahdy AK , Che Abdullah H , 2008. Pattern and predictors of soil-transmitted helminth reinfection among aboriginal schoolchildren in rural Peninsular Malaysia. Acta Trop 107: 200–204.
-
39.
Isah AUJ , Ekwunife OI , Ejie IL , Mandrik O , 2020. Effects of nutritional supplements on the re-infection rate of soil-transmitted helminths in school-age children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 15: e0237112.
-
40.
Keiser J , Utzinger J , 2020. Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 299: 1937–1948.
-
41.
al Knopp S , 2014. Diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz, FLOTAC, Baermann, and PCR methods for the detection of light-intensity hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 535–545.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1170 | 396 | 61 |
| Full Text Views | 337 | 120 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 203 | 63 | 0 |