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Free Market Availability of Rapid Diagnostics Will Empower Communities To Control Malaria in India
Manju Rahi
Manju Rahi
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India;
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Amit Sharma
Amit Sharma
National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India;
Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
Search for other papers by Amit Sharma in
Current site
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PubMed
ABSTRACT.
Globally, malaria incidence has declined but further reductions in malaria are not evident in many countries. In addition to the public health approaches for tackling malaria, involvement of the private sector is vital because the private sector plays a central role in healthcare delivery to the masses. In India, malaria management is primarily provided through government programs, nonetheless, significant numbers of fever patients continue to seek healthcare in the private sector. The private sector in India is comprised of formal healthcare (qualified and approved), informal healthcare (unqualified, untrained), including traditional healers. Commercial channels for the procurement of quality-assured malaria diagnostics like rapid diagnostic tests via pharmacies or other approved outlets would empower Indian populations to self-detect malaria without delay. Easier access would minimize the diagnostic time gap, reduce costs to the patient, prevent inappropriate malaria treatment, and foster timely treatment of both malaria and non-malaria infections. Commercially available rapid diagnostic tests in the hands of the people could be an important tool in our fight against malaria.
Author Notes
Author's addresses: Manju Rahi, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India, E-mail: drmanjurahi@gmail.com. Amit Sharma, ICMR, National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India, and International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India, E-mail: directornimr@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
WHO , 2020. World Malaria Report 2020. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015791. Accessed January 5, 2021.
-
2.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme , 2016. Malaria Situation in India from 2016. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24718394/. Accessed January 5, 2021.
-
3.
Anvikar AR et al., 2014. Antimalarial drug policy in India: past, present and future. Indian J Med Res 139: 205–215.
-
4.
WHO , 2010. Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria, 2nd edition. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK254223/. Accessed January 5, 2021.
-
5.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2013. National Drug Policy on Malaria. Available at: https://nvbdcp.gov.in/WriteReadData/l892s/National-Drug-Policy-2013.pdf. Accessed January 5, 2021.
-
6.
Rahi M, Ahmad SS, Sharma A, 2021. Coverage enhancement and community empowerment via commercial availability of the long-lasting nets for malaria in India. Pub Health Prac 2: 100133. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100133.
-
7.
Boyce MR , O’Meara WP , 2017. Use of malaria RDTs in various health contexts across sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 17: 470.
-
8.
Ochodo E , Garner P , David Sinclair D , 2016. Achieving universal testing for malaria. BMJ 352: i107.
-
9.
Pandey M, Rahi M and Sharma A, 2021. The Indian burden of malaria in pregnancy needs assessment. Med 2: 456–504. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.017.
-
10.
Ranjha R, Sharma A, 2021. Forest malaria: the prevailing obstacle for malaria control and elimination in India. BMJ Global Health 6: e005391. doi: 10.1136/ bmjgh-2021-00539.
-
11.
Nema S , Ghanghoria P , Bharti PK , 2020. Malaria elimination in India: bridging the gap between control and elimination. Int Pediatr 57: 613–617.
-
12.
Rahi M, Das P and Sharma A, 2021. Malaria elimination in India requires additional surveillance mechanisms. J Pub Health fdab106. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab106.
-
13.
Maloney K et al., 2017. Expanding access to parasite-based malaria diagnosis through retail drug shops in Tanzania: evidence from a randomized trial and implications for treatment. Malaria 16: 6.
-
14.
Mbonye AK et al., 2015. A cluster randomised trial introducing rapid diagnostic tests into registered drug shops in Uganda: impact on appropriate treatment of Malaria. PLoS One 10: e0129545.
-
15.
Visser T et al., 2017. Introducing malaria rapid diagnostic tests in private medicine retail outlets: A systematic literature review. PLoS One 12: e0173093.
-
16.
ACTwatch Group Phok S , Phanalasy S , Thein ST , Likhitsup A , 2017. Private sector opportunities and threats to achieving malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion: results from malaria outlet surveys in Cambodia, the Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Thailand. Malar J 16: 180.
-
17.
O’Boyle S et al., 2020. Patients with positive malaria tests not given artemisinin-based combination therapies: a research synthesis describing under-prescription of antimalarial medicines in Africa. BMC Med 18: 17.
-
18.
Rahi M , Sharma A , 2020. For malaria elimination India needs a platform for data integration. BMJ Glob Health 5: e004198.
-
19.
Rahi M, Chaturvedi R, Das P and Sharma A, 2021. India can consider integration of three eliminable disease control programmes on malaria, lymphatic filariasis and visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathogens. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009492.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1931 | 962 | 279 |
| Full Text Views | 339 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 217 | 12 | 0 |