Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
- Abstract.
- BACKGROUND
- METHODS
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- Acknowledgments: This research was supported by a USAID grant awarded to Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. We thank USAID for their support. The authors thank the study participants and the following individuals for their support with the implementation of this study: Professor Abul Khair Mohammad Shamsuzzaman, Professor Be-Nazir Ahmed, Fosiul Alam Nizame, Khobair Hossain, Rafiqul Islam, Maynul Hasan, SM. Arifur Rahman, Abdullah Al Morshed, Zakir Hossain, Kabir Hossain, Amal Sarker, Abul Bashar Sikder, Abdul Matin, Sadia Afrin Ananya, Lubna Tani, Farhana Ahmed, Tahera Taznen, Marufa Akter, Akhi Sultana, Nasrin Akter, Laki Das, Abdul Karim, Shirin Akter, Khan Ali Afsar, and Wasim Ahmed Asif. We also thank hospital staff for their support. icddr,b acknowledges the governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and United Kingdom for providing core/unrestricted support.
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Fecal Contamination on the Household Compound and in Water Sources are Associated with Subsequent Diarrhea in Young Children in Urban Bangladesh (CHoBI7 Program)
Tahmina Parvin
Tahmina Parvin
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Elizabeth D. Thomas
Elizabeth D. Thomas
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Md. Sazzadul Islam Bhuyian
Md. Sazzadul Islam Bhuyian
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Ismat Minhaj Uddin
Ismat Minhaj Uddin
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Md. Tasdik Hasan
Md. Tasdik Hasan
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom;
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Zillur Rahman
Zillur Rahman
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Indrajeet Barman
Indrajeet Barman
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Fatema Zohura
Fatema Zohura
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Jahed Masud
Jahed Masud
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Marzia Sultana
Marzia Sultana
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Anne Westin
Anne Westin
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Fatema-Tuz Johura
Fatema-Tuz Johura
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Shirajum Monira
Shirajum Monira
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
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Shwapon Kumar Biswas
Shwapon Kumar Biswas
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh;
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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David A. Sack
David A. Sack
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Jamie Perin
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Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Munirul Alam
Munirul Alam
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Christine Marie George
Christine Marie George
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Abstract.
We investigated the environmental and individual-level risk factors for diarrheal disease among young children in slum areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 884 children under 5 years of age. Caregiver reports were collected on sociodemographic factors and hygiene behaviors. Diarrhea surveillance data was collected monthly based on caregiver-reported diarrhea for children in the past 2 weeks during the 12-month study period. Unannounced spot checks of the household compound were performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after enrollment to check for the presence of feces (animal or human) and the presence of animals in the child’s sleeping space, to assess child and caregiver hands for the presence of dirt, and to collect samples of the household’s source and stored drinking water. Children with feces found on the household compound during spot checks had a significantly higher odds of diarrhea (odds ratio: 1.71; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–2.38). Children residing in households with > 100 colony forming units/100 mL Escherichia coli in source drinking water had a significantly higher odds of diarrhea (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.06–1.92). The presence of feces on the household compound and source drinking water with > 100 colony forming units/100 mL E. coli were significant risk factors for diarrheal disease for children < 5 years of age in slum areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh. These findings demonstrate the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to reduce fecal contamination on the household compound to protect the health of susceptible pediatric populations.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 64.87 KB)
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Tahmina Parvin, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Infectious Disease Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: tparvin@icddrb.org. Elizabeth D. Thomas, David A. Sack, Jamie Perin, Christine Marie George, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mails: liz.thomas@jhu.edu, dsack1@jhu.edu, jperin@jhu.edu, and cmgeorge@jhu.edu. Md. Sazzadul Islam Bhuyian and Fatema Zohura, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Infectious Disease Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mails: sazzadul.islam@icddrb.org and fzohura@icddrb.org. Ismat Minhaj Uddin, Md. Tasdik Hasan, Jahed Masud, Marzia Sultana, and Fatema-Tuz Johura, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Infectious Disease Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mails: ismat.minhaj@icddrb.org, tasdikhdip@yahoo.com, jahed@icddrb.org, msultana@icddrb.org, and mfjohura@icddrb.org. Zillur Rahman, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Infectious Disease Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: zillur_rahman05@yahoo.com. Indrajeet Barman, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Infectious Disease Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: indrajeet.barman@icddrb.org. Anne Westin, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: ao582254@gmail.com. Shirajum Monira, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Infectious Disease Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: smonira@icddrb.org. Shwapon Kumar Biswas, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Infectious Disease Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Department of Medicine, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladsh, E-mail: shwapon6@gmail.com. Munirul Alam, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: unirul@icddrb.org.
- Abstract.
- BACKGROUND
- METHODS
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- Acknowledgments: This research was supported by a USAID grant awarded to Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. We thank USAID for their support. The authors thank the study participants and the following individuals for their support with the implementation of this study: Professor Abul Khair Mohammad Shamsuzzaman, Professor Be-Nazir Ahmed, Fosiul Alam Nizame, Khobair Hossain, Rafiqul Islam, Maynul Hasan, SM. Arifur Rahman, Abdullah Al Morshed, Zakir Hossain, Kabir Hossain, Amal Sarker, Abul Bashar Sikder, Abdul Matin, Sadia Afrin Ananya, Lubna Tani, Farhana Ahmed, Tahera Taznen, Marufa Akter, Akhi Sultana, Nasrin Akter, Laki Das, Abdul Karim, Shirin Akter, Khan Ali Afsar, and Wasim Ahmed Asif. We also thank hospital staff for their support. icddr,b acknowledges the governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and United Kingdom for providing core/unrestricted support.
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