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1.
Alvar J , Velez ID , Bern C , Herrero M , Desjeux P , Cano J , Jannin J , 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671.
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2.
van Henten S , Adriaensen W , Fikre H , Akuffo H , Diro E , Hailu A , Van der Auwera G , van Griensven J , 2018. Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania aethiopica. EClinicalMedicine 6: 69–81.
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6.
Mengistu G , Laskay T , Gemetchu T , Humber D , Ersamo M , Evans D , Teferedegn H , Phelouzat MA , Frommel D, 1992 . Cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-western Ethiopia: Ocholo revisited. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: 149–153.
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7.
Negera E , Gadisa E , Yamuah L , Engers H , Hussein J , Kuru T , Hailu A , Gedamu L , Aseffa A , 2008. Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Silti Woreda, Ethiopia: risk factor assessment and causative agent identification. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 883–890.
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Seid A et al. 2014. Risk map for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia based on environmental factors as revealed by geographical information systems and statistics. Geospat Health 8: 377–387.
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Pareyn M et al. 2020. Feeding behavior and activity of Phlebotomus pedifer and potential reservoir hosts of Leishmania aethiopica in southwestern Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0007947.
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International Institute for Primary Health Care in Ethiopia, 2013. Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.
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Merdekios B et al. 2021. Evaluation of conventional and four real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania aethiopica on field-collected samples. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0008903.
-
12.
El Tai NO , Osman OF , el Fari M , Presber W , Schonian G , 2000. Genetic heterogeneity of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer in clinical samples of Leishmania donovani spotted on filter paper as revealed by single-stranded conformation polymorphisms and sequencing. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 575–579.
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Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in South Ethiopia
Behailu Merdekios
Behailu Merdekios
Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia;
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Myrthe Pareyn
Myrthe Pareyn
Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;
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Dagimawie Tadesse
Dagimawie Tadesse
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia;
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Solomon Getu
Solomon Getu
Department of Haematology, Arba Minch General Hospital, Arba Minch, Ethiopia;
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Bereket Admassu
Bereket Admassu
School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia;
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Nigatu Girma
Nigatu Girma
Biology Department, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia;
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Herwig Leirs
Herwig Leirs
Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
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Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden
Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden
Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Johan van Griensven
Johan van Griensven
Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;
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Abstract.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The disease is endemic in Ochollo, a village in southern Ethiopia, but there are no reports of CL in the wider area, although it is ecologically very similar. We conducted a rapid assessment survey in the South Ethiopian Rift Valley and found 100 parasitologically confirmed CL cases in 38 villages not reported endemic for CL. Approximately half of the cases were children (57%), and most lesions occurred on the face (78%) and were older than 6 months (77%). Only 2% of the people was aware of the mode of transmission, and 9% sought modern treatment at a hospital. These preliminary data indicate that CL is much more widespread than previously reported and that the disease might have a large psychosocial impact. Hence, this study calls for larger surveys across the Ethiopian highlands. Additionally, health education and treatment capacity need to be implemented.
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Author Notes
Financial support: This study was financially supported by VLIR-UOS through the Inter University Cooperation (IUC) agreement with Arba Minch University (AMU ET2017IUC035A101).
Disclosure: The authors declare no competing interest.
Authors’ addresses: Behailu Merdekios, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: medekib@tcd.ie. Myrthe Pareyn, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, and Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: myrthepareyn@itg.be. Dagimawie Tadesse, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: dagimtad13@gmail.com. Solomon Getu, Department of Hematology, Arba Minch General Hospital, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: solgtad23@yahoo.com. Bereket Admassu, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: bereketadmasu00@gmail.com. Nigatu Girma, Biology Department, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: nigatu.girma2000@gmail.com. Herwig Leirs, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium, E-mail: herwig.leirs@uantwerpen.be. Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden, Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Gouverneur Kinsbergencentrum, Wilrijk, Belgium, E-mail: jean-pierre.vangeertruyden@uantwerpen.be. Johan van Griensven, Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: jvangriensven@itg.be.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alvar J , Velez ID , Bern C , Herrero M , Desjeux P , Cano J , Jannin J , 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671.
-
2.
van Henten S , Adriaensen W , Fikre H , Akuffo H , Diro E , Hailu A , Van der Auwera G , van Griensven J , 2018. Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania aethiopica. EClinicalMedicine 6: 69–81.
-
3.
Ashford RW , Bray MA , Hutchinson MP , Bray AS , 1973. The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 67: 568–601.
-
4.
World Health Organization, 2019 . Global Health Observatory Data Repository.Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
5.
Bugssa G , Hailu A , Demtsu BB , 2014. The current status of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the pattern of lesions in Ochollo primary school students, Ochollo, southwestern Ethiopia. Sci J Clin Med. 3: 111–116.
-
6.
Mengistu G , Laskay T , Gemetchu T , Humber D , Ersamo M , Evans D , Teferedegn H , Phelouzat MA , Frommel D, 1992 . Cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-western Ethiopia: Ocholo revisited. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: 149–153.
-
7.
Negera E , Gadisa E , Yamuah L , Engers H , Hussein J , Kuru T , Hailu A , Gedamu L , Aseffa A , 2008. Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Silti Woreda, Ethiopia: risk factor assessment and causative agent identification. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 883–890.
-
8.
Seid A et al. 2014. Risk map for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia based on environmental factors as revealed by geographical information systems and statistics. Geospat Health 8: 377–387.
-
9.
Pareyn M et al. 2020. Feeding behavior and activity of Phlebotomus pedifer and potential reservoir hosts of Leishmania aethiopica in southwestern Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0007947.
-
10.
International Institute for Primary Health Care in Ethiopia, 2013. Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.
-
11.
Merdekios B et al. 2021. Evaluation of conventional and four real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania aethiopica on field-collected samples. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0008903.
-
12.
El Tai NO , Osman OF , el Fari M , Presber W , Schonian G , 2000. Genetic heterogeneity of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer in clinical samples of Leishmania donovani spotted on filter paper as revealed by single-stranded conformation polymorphisms and sequencing. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 575–579.
-
13.
OpenAFRICA , Ethiopia shapefiles. 016. Available at: https://africaopendata.org/dataset/ethiopia-shapefiles. Accessed September 20, 2020.
-
14.
QGIS Development team , 2019. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project Available at: http://qgis.osgeo.org. Accessed July 7, 2020.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 781 | 91 | 35 |
| Full Text Views | 365 | 180 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 281 | 120 | 4 |