Alvar J , Velez ID , Bern C , Herrero M , Desjeux P , Cano J , Jannin J , 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671.
van Henten S , Adriaensen W , Fikre H , Akuffo H , Diro E , Hailu A , Van der Auwera G , van Griensven J , 2018. Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania aethiopica. EClinicalMedicine 6: 69ā81.
Ashford RW , Bray MA , Hutchinson MP , Bray AS , 1973. The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 67: 568ā601.
World Health Organization, 2019 . Global Health Observatory Data Repository.Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Bugssa G , Hailu A , Demtsu BB , 2014. The current status of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the pattern of lesions in Ochollo primary school students, Ochollo, southwestern Ethiopia. Sci J Clin Med. 3: 111ā116.
Mengistu G , Laskay T , Gemetchu T , Humber D , Ersamo M , Evans D , Teferedegn H , Phelouzat MA , Frommel D, 1992 . Cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-western Ethiopia: Ocholo revisited. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: 149ā153.
Negera E , Gadisa E , Yamuah L , Engers H , Hussein J , Kuru T , Hailu A , Gedamu L , Aseffa A , 2008. Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Silti Woreda, Ethiopia: risk factor assessment and causative agent identification. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 883ā890.
Seid A et al. 2014. Risk map for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia based on environmental factors as revealed by geographical information systems and statistics. Geospat Health 8: 377ā387.
Pareyn M et al. 2020. Feeding behavior and activity of Phlebotomus pedifer and potential reservoir hosts of Leishmania aethiopica in southwestern Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0007947.
International Institute for Primary Health Care in Ethiopia, 2013. Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.
Merdekios B et al. 2021. Evaluation of conventional and four real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania aethiopica on field-collected samples. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0008903.
El Tai NO , Osman OF , el Fari M , Presber W , Schonian G , 2000. Genetic heterogeneity of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer in clinical samples of Leishmania donovani spotted on filter paper as revealed by single-stranded conformation polymorphisms and sequencing. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 575ā579.
OpenAFRICA , Ethiopia shapefiles. 016. Available at: https://africaopendata.org/dataset/ethiopia-shapefiles. Accessed September 20, 2020.
QGIS Development team , 2019. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project Available at: http://qgis.osgeo.org. Accessed July 7, 2020.
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The disease is endemic in Ochollo, a village in southern Ethiopia, but there are no reports of CL in the wider area, although it is ecologically very similar. We conducted a rapid assessment survey in the South Ethiopian Rift Valley and found 100 parasitologically confirmed CL cases in 38 villages not reported endemic for CL. Approximately half of the cases were children (57%), and most lesions occurred on the face (78%) and were older than 6 months (77%). Only 2% of the people was aware of the mode of transmission, and 9% sought modern treatment at a hospital. These preliminary data indicate that CL is much more widespread than previously reported and that the disease might have a large psychosocial impact. Hence, this study calls for larger surveys across the Ethiopian highlands. Additionally, health education and treatment capacity need to be implemented.
Financial support: This study was financially supported by VLIR-UOS through the Inter University Cooperation (IUC) agreement with Arba Minch University (AMU ET2017IUC035A101).
Disclosure: The authors declare no competing interest.
Authorsā addresses: Behailu Merdekios, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: medekib@tcd.ie. Myrthe Pareyn, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, and Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: myrthepareyn@itg.be. Dagimawie Tadesse, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: dagimtad13@gmail.com. Solomon Getu, Department of Hematology, Arba Minch General Hospital, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: solgtad23@yahoo.com. Bereket Admassu, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: bereketadmasu00@gmail.com. Nigatu Girma, Biology Department, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, E-mail: nigatu.girma2000@gmail.com. Herwig Leirs, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium, E-mail: herwig.leirs@uantwerpen.be. Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden, Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Gouverneur Kinsbergencentrum, Wilrijk, Belgium, E-mail: jean-pierre.vangeertruyden@uantwerpen.be. Johan van Griensven, Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: jvangriensven@itg.be.
Alvar J , Velez ID , Bern C , Herrero M , Desjeux P , Cano J , Jannin J , 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671.
van Henten S , Adriaensen W , Fikre H , Akuffo H , Diro E , Hailu A , Van der Auwera G , van Griensven J , 2018. Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania aethiopica. EClinicalMedicine 6: 69ā81.
Ashford RW , Bray MA , Hutchinson MP , Bray AS , 1973. The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 67: 568ā601.
World Health Organization, 2019 . Global Health Observatory Data Repository.Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Bugssa G , Hailu A , Demtsu BB , 2014. The current status of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the pattern of lesions in Ochollo primary school students, Ochollo, southwestern Ethiopia. Sci J Clin Med. 3: 111ā116.
Mengistu G , Laskay T , Gemetchu T , Humber D , Ersamo M , Evans D , Teferedegn H , Phelouzat MA , Frommel D, 1992 . Cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-western Ethiopia: Ocholo revisited. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: 149ā153.
Negera E , Gadisa E , Yamuah L , Engers H , Hussein J , Kuru T , Hailu A , Gedamu L , Aseffa A , 2008. Outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Silti Woreda, Ethiopia: risk factor assessment and causative agent identification. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 883ā890.
Seid A et al. 2014. Risk map for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia based on environmental factors as revealed by geographical information systems and statistics. Geospat Health 8: 377ā387.
Pareyn M et al. 2020. Feeding behavior and activity of Phlebotomus pedifer and potential reservoir hosts of Leishmania aethiopica in southwestern Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14: e0007947.
International Institute for Primary Health Care in Ethiopia, 2013. Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.
Merdekios B et al. 2021. Evaluation of conventional and four real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania aethiopica on field-collected samples. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 15: e0008903.
El Tai NO , Osman OF , el Fari M , Presber W , Schonian G , 2000. Genetic heterogeneity of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer in clinical samples of Leishmania donovani spotted on filter paper as revealed by single-stranded conformation polymorphisms and sequencing. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 575ā579.
OpenAFRICA , Ethiopia shapefiles. 016. Available at: https://africaopendata.org/dataset/ethiopia-shapefiles. Accessed September 20, 2020.
QGIS Development team , 2019. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project Available at: http://qgis.osgeo.org. Accessed July 7, 2020.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 781 | 91 | 35 |
Full Text Views | 365 | 180 | 3 |
PDF Downloads | 281 | 120 | 4 |