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-
1.
Schar F, Trostdorf U, Giardina F, Khieu V, Muth S, Marti H, Vounatsou P, Odermatt P, 2013. Strongyloides stercoralis: global distribution and risk factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2288.
-
2.
Russell ES, Gray EB, Marshall RE, Davis S, Beaudoin A, Handali S, McAuliffe I, Davis C, Woodhall D, 2014. Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis antibodies among a rural Appalachian population: Kentucky, 2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 1000–1001.
-
4.
De Souza JN et al. 2018. Case report: Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a patient with HTLV-1: an infection with filariform and rhabditiform larvae, eggs, and free-living adult females output. Am J Trop Med Hyg 99: 1583–1586.
-
5.
Ines Ede J, Souza JN, Santos RC, Souza ES, Santos FL, Silva ML, Silva MP, Teixeira MC, Soares NM, 2011. Efficacy of parasitological methods for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm in faecal specimens. Acta Trop 120: 206–210.
-
6.
Loutfy MR, Wilson M, Keystone JS, Kain KC, 2002. Serology and eosinophil count in the diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in a non-endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 749–752.
-
7.
De Souza JN, Cruz ADV, Araujo WAC, Sampaio LM, Allegretti SM, Teixeira MCA, Handali S, Galvao-Castro B, Soares NM, 2020. Alcohol consumption alters anti-Strongyloides stercoralis antibodies production. Immunobiology 225: 151898.
-
8.
Krolewiecki AJ et al. 2010. Improved diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis using recombinant antigen-based serologies in a community-wide study in northern Argentina. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17: 1624–1630.
-
9.
Rascoe LN, Price C, Shin SH, McAuliffe I, Priest JW, Handali S, 2015. Development of Ss-NIE-1 recombinant antigen based assays for immunodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003694.
-
10.
Ramanathan R, Burbelo PD, Groot S, Iadarola MJ, Neva FA, Nutman TB, 2008. A luciferase immunoprecipitation systems assay enhances the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Infect Dis 198: 444–451.
-
11.
Arifin N, Hanafiah KM, Ahmad H, Noordin R, 2019. Serodiagnosis and early detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 52: 371–378.
-
12.
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159: 50–59.
-
13.
Tsang VC, Peralta JM, Simons AR, 1983. Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (EITB) for studying the specificities of antigens and antibodies separated by gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol 92: 377–391.
-
14.
Bisoffi Z et al. 2014. Diagnostic accuracy of five serologic tests for Strongyloides stercoralis infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2640.
-
15.
Buonfrate D, Formenti F, Perandin F, Bisoffi Z, 2015. Novel approaches to the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 21: 543–552.
-
16.
Ravi V, Ramachandran S, Thompson RW, Andersen JF, Neva FA, 2002. Characterization of a recombinant immunodiagnostic antigen (NIE) from Strongyloides stercoralis L3-stage larvae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 125: 73–81.
-
17.
Gam AA, Neva FA, Krotoski WA, 1987. Comparative sensitivity and specificity of ELISA and IHA for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis with larval antigens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 37: 157–161.
-
18.
Ines Ede J, Silva ML, Souza JN, Teixeira MC, Soares NM, 2013. The role of glycosylated epitopes in the serodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 76: 31–35.
-
19.
Agbata EN & Bisoffi Z et al. 2018. Effectiveness of screening and treatment approaches for schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis in newly-arrived migrants from endemic countries in the EU/EEA: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16: 11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010011.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 1695 | 876 | 209 |
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Development of rSs-NIE-1 and rSs-IR Recombinant Antigen-Based Immunoblot for Detection of Antibody to Strongyloides stercoralis
Joelma Nascimento De Souza
Joelma Nascimento De Souza
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil;
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I’Isha Langford
I’Isha Langford
Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia;
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Yong Wang
Yong Wang
Synergy, Co., Atlanta, Georgia;
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Neci Matos Soares
Neci Matos Soares
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil;
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Sukwan Handali
Sukwan Handali
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract.
Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil-transmitted nematode that can cause life-threatening conditions in immunocompromised persons. In the United States, strongyloidiasis should be considered mainly in immigrants, refugees, or travelers. The confirmatory laboratory diagnosis is usually performed by detecting larvae from the stool, duodenal material, and sputum. In persons who are immunocompromised with severe strongyloidiasis, adult worms and eggs can be detected from duodenal material. For serological diagnosis, most assays use crude antigens to detect anti-S. stercoralis IgG. Recently, recombinant proteins such as rSs-NIE-1 and rSs-IR have been used to detect IgG antibodies. We used rSs-NIE-1 and rSs-IR recombinant antigens to develop a biplex Western blot assay to detect the IgG4 antibody in individuals with strongyloidiasis. The sensitivities of rSs-NIE-1 and rSs-IR were 97.4% and 90.8%, respectively, whereas the specificities were 97.6% and 98%, respectively. In conclusion, the biplex rSs-NIE-1 and rSs-IR immunoblot performs well in detecting IgG4 antibody in S. stercoralis-infected persons.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Joelma Nascimento De Souza and Neci Matos Soares, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, E-mails: joelmandesouza@gmail.com and necisoares@gmail.com. I’Isha Langford, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, E-mail: langfordsha@gmail.com. Yong Wang, Synergy, Co., Atlanta, GA, and Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: oeq6@cdc.gov. Sukwan Handali, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ahi0@cdc.gov.
Disclaimer: The use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Schar F, Trostdorf U, Giardina F, Khieu V, Muth S, Marti H, Vounatsou P, Odermatt P, 2013. Strongyloides stercoralis: global distribution and risk factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2288.
-
2.
Russell ES, Gray EB, Marshall RE, Davis S, Beaudoin A, Handali S, McAuliffe I, Davis C, Woodhall D, 2014. Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis antibodies among a rural Appalachian population: Kentucky, 2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 1000–1001.
-
4.
De Souza JN et al. 2018. Case report: Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a patient with HTLV-1: an infection with filariform and rhabditiform larvae, eggs, and free-living adult females output. Am J Trop Med Hyg 99: 1583–1586.
-
5.
Ines Ede J, Souza JN, Santos RC, Souza ES, Santos FL, Silva ML, Silva MP, Teixeira MC, Soares NM, 2011. Efficacy of parasitological methods for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm in faecal specimens. Acta Trop 120: 206–210.
-
6.
Loutfy MR, Wilson M, Keystone JS, Kain KC, 2002. Serology and eosinophil count in the diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in a non-endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 749–752.
-
7.
De Souza JN, Cruz ADV, Araujo WAC, Sampaio LM, Allegretti SM, Teixeira MCA, Handali S, Galvao-Castro B, Soares NM, 2020. Alcohol consumption alters anti-Strongyloides stercoralis antibodies production. Immunobiology 225: 151898.
-
8.
Krolewiecki AJ et al. 2010. Improved diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis using recombinant antigen-based serologies in a community-wide study in northern Argentina. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17: 1624–1630.
-
9.
Rascoe LN, Price C, Shin SH, McAuliffe I, Priest JW, Handali S, 2015. Development of Ss-NIE-1 recombinant antigen based assays for immunodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003694.
-
10.
Ramanathan R, Burbelo PD, Groot S, Iadarola MJ, Neva FA, Nutman TB, 2008. A luciferase immunoprecipitation systems assay enhances the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Infect Dis 198: 444–451.
-
11.
Arifin N, Hanafiah KM, Ahmad H, Noordin R, 2019. Serodiagnosis and early detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 52: 371–378.
-
12.
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159: 50–59.
-
13.
Tsang VC, Peralta JM, Simons AR, 1983. Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (EITB) for studying the specificities of antigens and antibodies separated by gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol 92: 377–391.
-
14.
Bisoffi Z et al. 2014. Diagnostic accuracy of five serologic tests for Strongyloides stercoralis infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2640.
-
15.
Buonfrate D, Formenti F, Perandin F, Bisoffi Z, 2015. Novel approaches to the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 21: 543–552.
-
16.
Ravi V, Ramachandran S, Thompson RW, Andersen JF, Neva FA, 2002. Characterization of a recombinant immunodiagnostic antigen (NIE) from Strongyloides stercoralis L3-stage larvae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 125: 73–81.
-
17.
Gam AA, Neva FA, Krotoski WA, 1987. Comparative sensitivity and specificity of ELISA and IHA for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis with larval antigens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 37: 157–161.
-
18.
Ines Ede J, Silva ML, Souza JN, Teixeira MC, Soares NM, 2013. The role of glycosylated epitopes in the serodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 76: 31–35.
-
19.
Agbata EN & Bisoffi Z et al. 2018. Effectiveness of screening and treatment approaches for schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis in newly-arrived migrants from endemic countries in the EU/EEA: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16: 11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010011.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1695 | 876 | 209 |
| Full Text Views | 576 | 104 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 282 | 36 | 1 |