Author:
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- CASE PRESENTATIONS
- First case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in Qazvin Province.
- Second case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in Qazvin Province.
- Third case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in Kermanshah Province.
- Fourth case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in west Azerbaijan Province.
- Fifth case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in Kurdistan Province.
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Williams DJ et al. 2019. Strategy for a globally coordinated response to a priority neglected tropical disease: snakebite envenoming. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007059.
-
2.
GutiĆ©rrez JM, Williams D, Fan HW, Warrell DA, 2010. Snakebite envenoming from a global perspective: towards an integrated approach. Toxicon 56: 1223ā1235.
-
3.
Chippaux JP, 2017. Snakebite envenomation turns again into a neglected tropical disease. J Venom AniToxins Incl Trop Dis 23: 38.
-
4.
Warrell D, GutiƩrrez J, 2007. Rabies and Envenomings: A Neglected Public Health Issue: Report of a Consultative Meeting. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
5.
Calvete JJ, 2011. Proteomic tools against the neglected pathology of snake bite envenoming. Expert Rev Proteomics 8: 739ā758.
-
6.
Lomonte B, FernĆ”ndez J, Sanz L, Angulo Y, Sasa M, GutiĆ©rrez JM, Calvete JJ, 2014. Venomous snakes of Costa Rica: biological and medical implications of their venom proteomic profiles analyzed through the strategy of snake venomics. J Proteomics 105: 323ā339.
-
7.
GutiĆ©rrez JM, Rucavado A, Escalante T, 2010. Snake venom metalloproteinases. Biological roles and participation in the pathophysiology of envenomation. In. Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles. Mackessy SP, ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 115ā138.
-
8.
Mohamed Abd El-Aziz T, Soares AG, Stockand JD, 2019. Snake venoms in drug discovery: valuable therapeutic tools for life saving. Toxins 11: 564.
-
9.
Terribile L, de Oliveira G, Albuquerque F, Rodriguez M, Diniz-Filho JA, 2009. Global conservation strategies for two clades of snakes: combining taxon-specific goals with general prioritization schemes. Divers Distrib 15: 841ā851.
-
10.
Terribile LC, Olalla-TĆ”rraga MA, Morales-Castilla I, Rueda M, Vidanes RM, RodrĆguez MA, Diniz-Filho JA, 2009. Global richness patterns of venomous snakes reveal contrasting influences of ecology and history in two different clades. Oecologia 159: 617ā626.
-
11.
Safaei-Mahroo B et al. 2015. The herpetofauna of Iran: checklist of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status. Asian Herpetological Res 6: 257ā290.
-
12.
Kazemi SM, Hosseinzadeh M, 2020. High diversity and endemism of herpetofauna in the Zagros Mountains. ECOPERSIA 8: 221ā229.
-
13.
Rezaie-Atagholipour M, Ghezellou P, Hesni MA, Dakhteh SMH, Ahmadian H, Vidal N, 2016. Sea snakes (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) in their westernmost extent: an updated and illustrated checklist and key to the species in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. ZooKeys 622: 129ā164.
-
14.
Fatehi-Hassanabad Z, Fatehi M, 2004. Characterisation of some pharmacological effects of the venom from Vipera lebetina. Toxicon 43: 385ā391.
-
15.
Afroosheh M, 2011. Macrovipera lebetina Cernovi (Ophidia: Viperidae), a Newcomer to Iran. Abstract published in the 16th European Congress of Herpetology (SEH) and 47 Deutscher Herpetologentag (DGHT) at Luxembourg and Trier, Germany, 25ā29 September 2011.
-
16.
GarcĆa-Arredondo A, MartĆnez M, CalderĆ³n A, SaldĆvar A, Soria R, 2019. Preclinical assessment of a new polyvalent antivenom (inoserp Europe) against several species of the subfamily viperinae. Toxins 11: 149.
-
17.
Dehghani R, Fathi B, Shahi MP, Jazayeri M, 2014. Ten years of snakebites in Iran. Toxicon 90: 291ā298.
-
18.
Dehghani R, Mehrpour O, Shahi MP, Jazayeri M, Karrari P, Keyler D, Zamani N, 2014. Epidemiology of venomous and semi-venomous snakebites (Ophidia: viperidae, colubridae) in the kashan city of the isfahan province in Central Iran. J Res Med Sci 19: 33ā40.
-
19.
Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G, 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Company.
-
20.
Oraie H, Rastegar Pouyani E, Khosravani A, Moradi N, Akbari A, Sehhatisabet M, Shafiei S, StĆ¼mpel N, Joger U, 2018. Molecular and morphological analyses have revealed a new species of blunt-nosed viper of the genus macrovipera in Iran. Salamandra 54: 233ā248.
-
21.
StĆ¼mpel N, 2012. Phylogenie und Phylogeographie eurasischer Viperinae unter besonderer BerĆ¼cksichtigung der orientalischen Vipern der Gattungen Montivipera und Macrovipera. Braunschweig, Germany: Technische UniversitƤt Braunschweig.
-
22.
GƶƧmen B, Arikan H, Mermer A, ĆiƧek K, 2006. Clinical, physiological and serological observations of a human following a venomous bite by Macrovipera lebetina lebetina (Reptilia: serpentes). TĆ¼rkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi/TĆ¼rkiye Parazitoloji DerneÄi = Acta Parasitologica Turcica/Turkish Soc Parasitol 30: 158ā162.
-
23.
Sharma LR, Lal V, Simpson ID, 2008. Snakes of medical significance in India: the first reported case of envenoming by the Levantine viper (Macrovipera lebetina). Wilderness Environ Med 19: 195ā198.
-
24.
Theakston RD, Warrell DA, 1991. Antivenoms: a list of hyperimmune sera currently available for the treatment of envenoming by bites and stings. Toxicon 29: 1419ā1470.
-
25.
Afshari R, Monzavi SM, 2017. AFSHARIāS Clinical Toxicology and Poisoning Emergency Care. Mashhad, Iran: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Publishing Group.
-
26.
Monzavi SM, Dadpour B, Afshari R, 2014. Snakebite management in Iran: devising a protocol. J ResMed Sci 19: 153.
-
27.
Latifi M, Leviton AE, Zug GR; Amphibians and Reptiles, 1991. The snakes of Iran. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford, OH: Amphibia-Reptilia.
-
28.
Dehghani R, Rabani D, Panjeh Shahi M, Jazayeri M, Sabahi Bidgoli M, 2012. Incidence of snake bites in Kashan, Iran during an eight year period (2004ā2011). Arch Trauma Res 1: 67ā71.
-
29.
Amr ZS, Abu Baker MA, Warrell DA, 2020. Terrestrial venomous snakes and snakebites in the Arab countries of the Middle East. Toxicon 177: 1ā15.
-
30.
Warrell D, 2017. Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in Africa and the Middle East/Arabian Peninsula.
-
31.
Siigur J, AaspƵllu A, Siigur E, 2019. Biochemistry and pharmacology of proteins and peptides purified from the venoms of the snakes Macrovipera lebetina subspecies. Toxicon 158: 16ā32.
-
32.
Esmaeili Jahromi H, Zare A, Kamalzadeh M, 2016. Evaluation of Iranian Snake āMacrovipera lebetinaā Venom Cytotoxicity in Kidney Cell Line HEK-293.
-
33.
El-Aziz TMA et al. 2017. Efficient functional neutralization of lethal peptide toxins in vivo by oligonucleotides. Sci Rep 7: 7202.
-
34.
Taiwe GS et al. 2019. Aptamer Efficacies for in vitro and in vivo modulation of Ī±c-conotoxin PrXA pharmacology. Molecules 24.
-
35.
Calvete JJ, Sanz L, Angulo Y, Lomonte B, GutiĆ©rrez JM, 2009. Venoms, venomics, antivenomics. FEBS Lett 583: 1736ā1743.
-
36.
GutiĆ©rrez JM, LeĆ³n G, Lomonte B, Angulo Y, 2011. Antivenoms for snakebite envenomings. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 10: 369ā380.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1189 | 145 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 510 | 212 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 422 | 151 | 0 |
Case Report: Recent Case Reports of Levant Blunt-Nosed Viper Macrovipera lebetina obtusa Snakebites in Iran
Seyed Mahdi Kazemi
Seyed Mahdi Kazemi
Zagros Herpetological Institute, Qom, Iran;
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Ahmed Al-Sabi
Ahmed Al-Sabi
College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait;
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Chengbo Long
Chengbo Long
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China;
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Mahmoud I. Shoulkamy
Mahmoud I. Shoulkamy
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China;
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt;
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Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt;
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Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt;
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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ABSTRACT
Envenomation and death resulting from snakebites represent a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The WHO has defined snakebite as a neglected tropical health concern. Bites from Macrovipera lebetina obtusa usually cause life-threatening systemic hemodynamic disturbances, reduced functionality of the kidneys, and other serious symptoms, including hypotension shock, edema, and tissue necrosis, at the bite site. Herein, we highlight five cases of M. l. obtusa envenomation that presented with wide-ranging manifestations. Many recovered cases were left with long-term musculoskeletal disabilities. In a particular case, a 15-year-old male patient was envenomed in his palm by an 80-cm M. l. obtusa. Within 12 hours, swelling extended to near the shoulder. Fasciotomy was performed on the forearm and part of the upper arm of this patient. Symptoms of severe localized pain and swelling, dizziness, weakness, low blood pressure, and itching around the bite area were documented. The patient remained in the hospital for 13 days.
Author Notes
Disclosure: The present descriptive studies based on medical records of Valie Asr (Qazvin Province), Loghman Hakim (Tehran), Imam Khomeini (Kermanshah Province), Taleqani (Kermanshah Province), and Shahid Gholi Pur (West Azerbaijan) hospitals. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research under protocol numbers IREC-9540005214 and IREC-85700003541. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for their anonymized information to be published in this article.
Authorsā addresses: Seyed Mahdi Kazemi, Zagros Herpetological Institute, Qom, Iran, E-mail: kazemi_m1979@yahoo.com. Ahmed Al-Sabi, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait, E-mail: ahmed.al-sabi@aum.edu.kw. Chengbo Long, Key Laboratory of bioactive peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China, E-mail: longchengbo@mail.kiz.ac.cn. Mahmoud I. Shoulkamy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Egypt, E-mail: mahmoud.ibrahim1@mu.edu.eg. Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Egypt, and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, E-mail: mohamedt1@uthscsa.edu.
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- CASE PRESENTATIONS
- First case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in Qazvin Province.
- Second case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in Qazvin Province.
- Third case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in Kermanshah Province.
- Fourth case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in west Azerbaijan Province.
- Fifth case of M. l. obtusa envenomation in Kurdistan Province.
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Williams DJ et al. 2019. Strategy for a globally coordinated response to a priority neglected tropical disease: snakebite envenoming. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007059.
-
2.
GutiĆ©rrez JM, Williams D, Fan HW, Warrell DA, 2010. Snakebite envenoming from a global perspective: towards an integrated approach. Toxicon 56: 1223ā1235.
-
3.
Chippaux JP, 2017. Snakebite envenomation turns again into a neglected tropical disease. J Venom AniToxins Incl Trop Dis 23: 38.
-
4.
Warrell D, GutiƩrrez J, 2007. Rabies and Envenomings: A Neglected Public Health Issue: Report of a Consultative Meeting. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
5.
Calvete JJ, 2011. Proteomic tools against the neglected pathology of snake bite envenoming. Expert Rev Proteomics 8: 739ā758.
-
6.
Lomonte B, FernĆ”ndez J, Sanz L, Angulo Y, Sasa M, GutiĆ©rrez JM, Calvete JJ, 2014. Venomous snakes of Costa Rica: biological and medical implications of their venom proteomic profiles analyzed through the strategy of snake venomics. J Proteomics 105: 323ā339.
-
7.
GutiĆ©rrez JM, Rucavado A, Escalante T, 2010. Snake venom metalloproteinases. Biological roles and participation in the pathophysiology of envenomation. In. Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles. Mackessy SP, ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 115ā138.
-
8.
Mohamed Abd El-Aziz T, Soares AG, Stockand JD, 2019. Snake venoms in drug discovery: valuable therapeutic tools for life saving. Toxins 11: 564.
-
9.
Terribile L, de Oliveira G, Albuquerque F, Rodriguez M, Diniz-Filho JA, 2009. Global conservation strategies for two clades of snakes: combining taxon-specific goals with general prioritization schemes. Divers Distrib 15: 841ā851.
-
10.
Terribile LC, Olalla-TĆ”rraga MA, Morales-Castilla I, Rueda M, Vidanes RM, RodrĆguez MA, Diniz-Filho JA, 2009. Global richness patterns of venomous snakes reveal contrasting influences of ecology and history in two different clades. Oecologia 159: 617ā626.
-
11.
Safaei-Mahroo B et al. 2015. The herpetofauna of Iran: checklist of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status. Asian Herpetological Res 6: 257ā290.
-
12.
Kazemi SM, Hosseinzadeh M, 2020. High diversity and endemism of herpetofauna in the Zagros Mountains. ECOPERSIA 8: 221ā229.
-
13.
Rezaie-Atagholipour M, Ghezellou P, Hesni MA, Dakhteh SMH, Ahmadian H, Vidal N, 2016. Sea snakes (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) in their westernmost extent: an updated and illustrated checklist and key to the species in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. ZooKeys 622: 129ā164.
-
14.
Fatehi-Hassanabad Z, Fatehi M, 2004. Characterisation of some pharmacological effects of the venom from Vipera lebetina. Toxicon 43: 385ā391.
-
15.
Afroosheh M, 2011. Macrovipera lebetina Cernovi (Ophidia: Viperidae), a Newcomer to Iran. Abstract published in the 16th European Congress of Herpetology (SEH) and 47 Deutscher Herpetologentag (DGHT) at Luxembourg and Trier, Germany, 25ā29 September 2011.
-
16.
GarcĆa-Arredondo A, MartĆnez M, CalderĆ³n A, SaldĆvar A, Soria R, 2019. Preclinical assessment of a new polyvalent antivenom (inoserp Europe) against several species of the subfamily viperinae. Toxins 11: 149.
-
17.
Dehghani R, Fathi B, Shahi MP, Jazayeri M, 2014. Ten years of snakebites in Iran. Toxicon 90: 291ā298.
-
18.
Dehghani R, Mehrpour O, Shahi MP, Jazayeri M, Karrari P, Keyler D, Zamani N, 2014. Epidemiology of venomous and semi-venomous snakebites (Ophidia: viperidae, colubridae) in the kashan city of the isfahan province in Central Iran. J Res Med Sci 19: 33ā40.
-
19.
Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G, 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Company.
-
20.
Oraie H, Rastegar Pouyani E, Khosravani A, Moradi N, Akbari A, Sehhatisabet M, Shafiei S, StĆ¼mpel N, Joger U, 2018. Molecular and morphological analyses have revealed a new species of blunt-nosed viper of the genus macrovipera in Iran. Salamandra 54: 233ā248.
-
21.
StĆ¼mpel N, 2012. Phylogenie und Phylogeographie eurasischer Viperinae unter besonderer BerĆ¼cksichtigung der orientalischen Vipern der Gattungen Montivipera und Macrovipera. Braunschweig, Germany: Technische UniversitƤt Braunschweig.
-
22.
GƶƧmen B, Arikan H, Mermer A, ĆiƧek K, 2006. Clinical, physiological and serological observations of a human following a venomous bite by Macrovipera lebetina lebetina (Reptilia: serpentes). TĆ¼rkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi/TĆ¼rkiye Parazitoloji DerneÄi = Acta Parasitologica Turcica/Turkish Soc Parasitol 30: 158ā162.
-
23.
Sharma LR, Lal V, Simpson ID, 2008. Snakes of medical significance in India: the first reported case of envenoming by the Levantine viper (Macrovipera lebetina). Wilderness Environ Med 19: 195ā198.
-
24.
Theakston RD, Warrell DA, 1991. Antivenoms: a list of hyperimmune sera currently available for the treatment of envenoming by bites and stings. Toxicon 29: 1419ā1470.
-
25.
Afshari R, Monzavi SM, 2017. AFSHARIāS Clinical Toxicology and Poisoning Emergency Care. Mashhad, Iran: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Publishing Group.
-
26.
Monzavi SM, Dadpour B, Afshari R, 2014. Snakebite management in Iran: devising a protocol. J ResMed Sci 19: 153.
-
27.
Latifi M, Leviton AE, Zug GR; Amphibians and Reptiles, 1991. The snakes of Iran. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Oxford, OH: Amphibia-Reptilia.
-
28.
Dehghani R, Rabani D, Panjeh Shahi M, Jazayeri M, Sabahi Bidgoli M, 2012. Incidence of snake bites in Kashan, Iran during an eight year period (2004ā2011). Arch Trauma Res 1: 67ā71.
-
29.
Amr ZS, Abu Baker MA, Warrell DA, 2020. Terrestrial venomous snakes and snakebites in the Arab countries of the Middle East. Toxicon 177: 1ā15.
-
30.
Warrell D, 2017. Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in Africa and the Middle East/Arabian Peninsula.
-
31.
Siigur J, AaspƵllu A, Siigur E, 2019. Biochemistry and pharmacology of proteins and peptides purified from the venoms of the snakes Macrovipera lebetina subspecies. Toxicon 158: 16ā32.
-
32.
Esmaeili Jahromi H, Zare A, Kamalzadeh M, 2016. Evaluation of Iranian Snake āMacrovipera lebetinaā Venom Cytotoxicity in Kidney Cell Line HEK-293.
-
33.
El-Aziz TMA et al. 2017. Efficient functional neutralization of lethal peptide toxins in vivo by oligonucleotides. Sci Rep 7: 7202.
-
34.
Taiwe GS et al. 2019. Aptamer Efficacies for in vitro and in vivo modulation of Ī±c-conotoxin PrXA pharmacology. Molecules 24.
-
35.
Calvete JJ, Sanz L, Angulo Y, Lomonte B, GutiĆ©rrez JM, 2009. Venoms, venomics, antivenomics. FEBS Lett 583: 1736ā1743.
-
36.
GutiĆ©rrez JM, LeĆ³n G, Lomonte B, Angulo Y, 2011. Antivenoms for snakebite envenomings. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 10: 369ā380.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1189 | 145 | 27 |
| Full Text Views | 510 | 212 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 422 | 151 | 0 |