Stanaway JD et al. 2016. The global burden of dengue: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 712–723.
World Health Organization, 2009. Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.
Waggoner JJ et al. 2016. Viremia and clinical presentation in Nicaraguan patients infected with Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and dengue virus. Clin Infect Dis 63: 1584–1590.
Domingo C, Niedrig M, Teichmann A, Kaiser M, Rumer L, Jarman RG, Donoso-Mantke O, 2010. 2nd international external quality control assessment for the molecular diagnosis of dengue infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e833.
Rojas A et al. 2019. Characterization of dengue cases among patients with an acute illness, Central Department, Paraguay. PeerJ 7: e7852.
De Paula SO, Lopes da Fonseca BA, 2002. Optimizing dengue diagnosis by RT-PCR in IgM-positive samples: comparison of whole blood, buffy-coat and serum as clinical samples. J Virol Methods 102: 113–117.
Klungthong C, Gibbons RV, Thaisomboonsuk B, Nisalak A, Kalayanarooj S, Thirawuth V, Nutkumhang N, Mammen MP Jr., Jarman RG, 2007. Dengue virus detection using whole blood for reverse transcriptase PCR and virus isolation. J Clin Microbiol 45: 2480–2485.
Anders KL et al. 2012. An evaluation of dried blood spots and oral swabs as alternative specimens for the diagnosis of dengue and screening for past dengue virus exposure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 165–170.
Andries AC et al. 2015. Value of routine dengue diagnostic tests in urine and saliva specimens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004100.
El Sahly HM et al. 2019. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic characteristics of Zika virus infection in a cohort of US patients: prolonged RNA detection in whole blood. Open Forum Infect Dis 6: ofy352.
Murray KO et al. 2017. Prolonged detection of Zika virus in vaginal secretions and whole blood. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 99–101.
Lai L, Lee TH, Tobler L, Wen L, Shi P, Alexander J, Ewing H, Busch M, 2012. Relative distribution of West Nile virus RNA in blood compartments: implications for blood donor nucleic acid amplification technology screening. Transfusion 52: 447–454.
Lanteri MC, Lee TH, Wen L, Kaidarova Z, Bravo MD, Kiely NE, Kamel HT, Tobler LH, Norris PJ, Busch MP, 2014. West Nile virus nucleic acid persistence in whole blood months after clearance in plasma: implication for transfusion and transplantation safety. Transfusion 54: 3232–3241.
Saa P et al. 2018. Investigational testing for Zika virus among U.S. Blood donors. N Engl J Med 378: 1778–1788.
Colbert AM et al. 2020. Reliability and validity of an adapted and translated version of the Mullen scales of early learning (AT-MSEL) in rural Guatemala. Child Care Health Dev 46: 327–335.
Connery AK et al. 2019. Receptive language skills among young children in rural Guatemala: the relationship between the Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody and a translated and adapted version of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Child Care Health Dev 45: 702–708.
Waggoner JJ, Gresh L, Mohamed-Hadley A, Ballesteros G, Davila MJ, Tellez Y, Sahoo MK, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Pinsky BA, 2016. Single-reaction multiplex reverse transcription PCR for detection of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 1295–1297.
Waggoner JJ et al. 2013. Single-reaction, multiplex, real-time rt-PCR for the detection, quantitation, and serotyping of dengue viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2116.
Waggoner JJ et al. 2013. Comparison of the FDA-approved CDC DENV-1-4 real-time reverse transcription-PCR with a laboratory-developed assay for dengue virus detection and serotyping. J Clin Microbiol 51: 3418–3420.
Lai L et al. Emory Zika Patient Study Team, 2018. Innate, T-, and B-cell responses in acute human Zika patients. Clin Infect Dis 66: 1–10.
Das A, Beckham TR, McIntosh MT, 2011. Comparison of methods for improved RNA extraction from blood for early detection of classical swine fever virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest 23: 727–735.
Jensenius M et al. 2013. Acute and potentially life-threatening tropical diseases in western travelers—a GeoSentinel multicenter study, 1996–2011. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 397–404.
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Molecular detection of dengue virus (DENV) RNA from serum or plasma provides an accurate acute-phase diagnostic (< 7 days after symptom onset). Detection may be prolonged in whole blood, although data are limited. We tested for DENV by real-time reverse transcription–PCR in 345 paired acute-phase plasma and whole blood samples from individuals with a Flavivirus-like illness in southwestern Guatemala. In 18/18 cases with detectable DENV RNA in plasma, whole blood samples were positive and yielded similar cycle threshold values. In seven individuals with convalescent samples obtained 2–3 weeks later, DENV RNA remained detectable in whole blood but not plasma. In three additional cases, DENV RNA was only detectable in whole blood at the acute visit. In two cases, whole blood detection was linked to a virologically confirmed DENV infection 6–11 weeks earlier. Whole blood DENV RNA detection is sensitive for acute dengue infection and may remain positive for weeks to months.
Disclosure: E. J. A has received personal fees from AbbVie, Pfizer, and Sanofi Pasteur for consulting, and his institution receives funds to conduct clinical research unrelated to this manuscript from MedImmune, Regeneron, PaxVax, Pfizer, GSK, Merck, Novavax, Sanofi-Pasteur, Janssen, and Micron. He also serves on a safety monitoring board for Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc. F.M. Munoz has conducted clinical research unrelated to this manuscript supported by the CDC, Novavax, Regeneron, BioCryst, Alios, Janssen, Gilead, and Merck, and is a member of the Data Safety Monitoring Committee for studies conducted by Moderna, Pfizer, Meissa Vaccines, Virometix, and the National Institutes of Health.
Financial support: This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Research was supported by a NIAID DMID Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit (VTEU) award to Baylor College of Medicine (Contract no. HHSN27220130015I).
Authors’ addresses: Jesse J. Waggoner, Victoria Stittleburg, and Evan J. Anderson, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: jesse.waggoner@emoryhealthcare.org, victoria.d.simmons@emory.edu, and evanderson@emory.edu. Muktha S. Natrajan, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, RDB, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: qdz9@cdc.gov. Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FUNSALUD, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, E-mail: alejandra.paniagua.fsigcu@gmail.com. Desiree Bauer, Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, E-mail: desiree.bauer@cuanschutz.edu. Daniel Olson and Edwin J. Asturias, Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, and Division of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, E-mails: daniel.olson@childrenscolorado.org and edwin.asturias@childrenscolorado.org. Hana M. El Sahly, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, E-mail: hana.elsahly@bcm.edu. Flor M. Munoz, Departments of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, E-mail: florm@bcm.edu.
Stanaway JD et al. 2016. The global burden of dengue: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 712–723.
World Health Organization, 2009. Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.
Waggoner JJ et al. 2016. Viremia and clinical presentation in Nicaraguan patients infected with Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and dengue virus. Clin Infect Dis 63: 1584–1590.
Domingo C, Niedrig M, Teichmann A, Kaiser M, Rumer L, Jarman RG, Donoso-Mantke O, 2010. 2nd international external quality control assessment for the molecular diagnosis of dengue infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e833.
Rojas A et al. 2019. Characterization of dengue cases among patients with an acute illness, Central Department, Paraguay. PeerJ 7: e7852.
De Paula SO, Lopes da Fonseca BA, 2002. Optimizing dengue diagnosis by RT-PCR in IgM-positive samples: comparison of whole blood, buffy-coat and serum as clinical samples. J Virol Methods 102: 113–117.
Klungthong C, Gibbons RV, Thaisomboonsuk B, Nisalak A, Kalayanarooj S, Thirawuth V, Nutkumhang N, Mammen MP Jr., Jarman RG, 2007. Dengue virus detection using whole blood for reverse transcriptase PCR and virus isolation. J Clin Microbiol 45: 2480–2485.
Anders KL et al. 2012. An evaluation of dried blood spots and oral swabs as alternative specimens for the diagnosis of dengue and screening for past dengue virus exposure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 165–170.
Andries AC et al. 2015. Value of routine dengue diagnostic tests in urine and saliva specimens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004100.
El Sahly HM et al. 2019. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic characteristics of Zika virus infection in a cohort of US patients: prolonged RNA detection in whole blood. Open Forum Infect Dis 6: ofy352.
Murray KO et al. 2017. Prolonged detection of Zika virus in vaginal secretions and whole blood. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 99–101.
Lai L, Lee TH, Tobler L, Wen L, Shi P, Alexander J, Ewing H, Busch M, 2012. Relative distribution of West Nile virus RNA in blood compartments: implications for blood donor nucleic acid amplification technology screening. Transfusion 52: 447–454.
Lanteri MC, Lee TH, Wen L, Kaidarova Z, Bravo MD, Kiely NE, Kamel HT, Tobler LH, Norris PJ, Busch MP, 2014. West Nile virus nucleic acid persistence in whole blood months after clearance in plasma: implication for transfusion and transplantation safety. Transfusion 54: 3232–3241.
Saa P et al. 2018. Investigational testing for Zika virus among U.S. Blood donors. N Engl J Med 378: 1778–1788.
Colbert AM et al. 2020. Reliability and validity of an adapted and translated version of the Mullen scales of early learning (AT-MSEL) in rural Guatemala. Child Care Health Dev 46: 327–335.
Connery AK et al. 2019. Receptive language skills among young children in rural Guatemala: the relationship between the Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody and a translated and adapted version of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Child Care Health Dev 45: 702–708.
Waggoner JJ, Gresh L, Mohamed-Hadley A, Ballesteros G, Davila MJ, Tellez Y, Sahoo MK, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Pinsky BA, 2016. Single-reaction multiplex reverse transcription PCR for detection of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 1295–1297.
Waggoner JJ et al. 2013. Single-reaction, multiplex, real-time rt-PCR for the detection, quantitation, and serotyping of dengue viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2116.
Waggoner JJ et al. 2013. Comparison of the FDA-approved CDC DENV-1-4 real-time reverse transcription-PCR with a laboratory-developed assay for dengue virus detection and serotyping. J Clin Microbiol 51: 3418–3420.
Lai L et al. Emory Zika Patient Study Team, 2018. Innate, T-, and B-cell responses in acute human Zika patients. Clin Infect Dis 66: 1–10.
Das A, Beckham TR, McIntosh MT, 2011. Comparison of methods for improved RNA extraction from blood for early detection of classical swine fever virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest 23: 727–735.
Jensenius M et al. 2013. Acute and potentially life-threatening tropical diseases in western travelers—a GeoSentinel multicenter study, 1996–2011. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 397–404.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2774 | 1806 | 109 |
Full Text Views | 375 | 62 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 219 | 24 | 2 |