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Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Giardia intestinalis and Other Intestinal Parasites in Children and Adults in Algeria
ABSTRACT
Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common causes of parasite-induced diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and malabsorption. Yet, data on the epidemiology of G. intestinalis infections in North Africa are limited. The purpose of this study was to carry out a retrospective survey on the level of intestinal parasitism with a particular emphasis on G. intestinalis in children and adults in Algiers, Algeria. A total of 2,054 individuals from outpatient clinics or hospitalized at Beni-Messous University Hospital of Algiers undergoing stool microscopy for ova and parasites were included. The overall parasite infection rate was 28%. In the 567 parasite-positive samples, Blastocystis was found most frequently (57.3%), followed in frequency by Endolimax nana (41.0%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (19.6%), G. intestinalis (17.1%), Entamoeba coli (13.9%), Chilomastix mesnili (1.0%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (0.7%), Entamoeba hartmanni (0.5%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.2%). Intestinal parasites were generally more common in adults than in children, except for Giardia, which was more common in children (P = 0.0001). Giardia infection was independent of gender (P = 0.94). Compared with other intestinal parasitic infections, clinical manifestations, such as abdominal pain (P = 0.28) and diarrhea (P = 0.82), were found not to be significantly linked to Giardia infection. In conclusion, G. intestinalis is common in individuals referred to the University Hospital of Beni-Messous with digestive symptoms, particularly so in children. However, in our study, intestinal symptoms appeared not to be more linked to Giardia than to other intestinal parasites.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Salem Belkessa, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria, Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria, and Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, E-mail: salembelkessa@yahoo.com. Elhosseyn Ait-Salem and Karim Houali, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria, E-mails: aitsalem.e@gmail.com and houalitizi@yahoo.fr. AbdElkarim Laatamna, Laboratory of Exploration and Valorisation of Steppe Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria, E-mail: laatamnaabdelkarim@yahoo.com. Ute Wolff Sönksen and Christen Rune Stensvold, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, E-mails: uws@ssi.dk and run@ssi.dk. Ahcene Hakem, Laboratory of Exploration and Valorisation of Steppe Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria, and Center Research in Agropastoralism, Djelfa, Algeria, E-mail: ahcenhakem@gmail.com. Zahida Bouchene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria, E-mail: bouchene_z@hotmail.com. Farida Ghalmi, Higher National Veterinary School of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria, E-mail: fghalmi@yahoo.fr.