ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Dick GW, Kitchen SF, Haddow AJ, 1952. Zika virus. I. Isolations and serological specificity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 46: 509–520.
-
2.
Weinbren MP, Williams MC, 1958. Zika virus: further isolations in the Zika area, and some studies on the strains isolated. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 52: 263–268.
-
3.
Haddow AJ, Williams MC, Woodall JP, Simpson DI, Goma LK, 1964. Twelve isolations of Zika virus from Aedes (Stegomyia) africanus (Theobald) taken in and above a Uganda forest. Bull World Health Organ 31: 57–69.
-
4.
Dick GW, 1952. Zika virus. II. Pathogenicity and physical properties. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 46: 521–534.
-
5.
Henderson BE, Kirya GB, Hewitt LE, 1970. Serological survey for arboviruses in Uganda, 1967–69. Bull World Health Organ 42: 797–795.
-
6.
Kayiwa JT, Nankya AM, Ataliba IJ, Mossel EC, Crabtree MB, Lutwama JJ, 2018. Confirmation of Zika virus infection through hospital-based sentinel surveillance of acute febrile illness in Uganda, 2014–2017. J Gen Virol 99: 1248–1252.
-
7.
Simpson DIH, 1964. Zika virus infection in man. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 58: 335–338.
-
8.
Lozano-Fuentes S, Kenney JL, Varnado W, Byrd BD, Burkhalter KL, Savage HM, 2018. Susceptibility and vectorial capacity of American Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to American Zika virus strains. J Med Entomol 56: 233–240.
-
9.
Liu R, Wang X, Ma Y, Wu J, Mao C, Yuan L, Lu J, 2019. Prevalence of Zika virus in blood donations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 19: 590.
-
10.
Haddow AJ, Smithburn KC, Mahaffy AF, Bugher JC. 1947. Monkeys in relation to yellow fever in Bwamba county, Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 40: 677–700.
-
11.
Mattingly PF, 1957. Genetical aspects of the Aedes aegypti problem. Ann Trop Med Parasit 51: 392–408.
-
12.
Mutebi JP, Crabtree MB, Kading RC, Powers AM, Ledermann JP, Mossel EC, Zeidner N, Lutwama JJ, Miller BR, 2018. Mosquitoes of northwestern Uganda. J Med Entomol 55: 587–599.
-
13.
Mutebi JP, Crabtree MB, Kading RC, Powers AM, Lutwama JJ, Miller BR, 2012. Mosquitoes of western Uganda. J Med Entomol 49: 1289–1306.
-
14.
Mukwaya LG, 1974. Host preference in Aedes (Stegomyia) species mosquitoes in Uganda. II studies on indoor and outdoor biting and resting behavior with special reference to Aedes aegypti L. Acta Trop 31: 165–176.
-
15.
Gouck HK, 1972. Host preferences of various strains of Aedes aegypti and A. simpsoni as determined by an olfactometer. Bull World Health Organ 47: 680–683.
-
16.
Mutebi JP, Barrett ADT, 2002. The epidemiology of yellow fever in Africa. Microbes Infect 4: 1459–1468.
Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti Populations from Entebbe, Uganda, for Zika Virus
ABSTRACT
We evaluated the vector competence of three strains of Aedes aegypti formosus from Entebbe, Uganda, for Zika virus (ZIKV). The aim was to find out if these strains were competent or incompetent vectors for ZIKV, to explain the lack of ZIKV outbreaks in the city of Entebbe. We observed transmission rates ranging from 33% to 78%; however, these rates were not statistically significantly different, suggesting that there were no real differences among the strains. Nonetheless, this showed that populations of Ae. aegypti formosus in Entebbe are competent vectors for ZIKV. The reason why there is no detectable transmission of ZIKV to humans in Entebbe is currently unknown. The lack of detectable transmission despite Ae. aegypti formosus competence for ZIKV suggests that other parameters, such as preference for nonhuman blood, may be limiting its ability to serve as a vector.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: John-Paul Mutebi, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Arboviral Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: grv0@cdc.gov. Julius J. Lutwama, Department of Arbovirology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda, E-mail: jjlutwama03@yahoo.com.