Author:
ProCite
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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Ottesen EA, 2000. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Trop Med Int Health 5: 591–594.
-
2.
Burkot T, Ichimori K, 2002. The PacELF programme: will mass drug administration be enough? Trends Parasitol 18: 109–115.
-
3.
WHO, 2017. Global Progress Towards Elimination. Available at: http://www.who.int/lymphatic_filariasis/global_progress/en/. Accessed December 11, 2017.
-
4.
Swaminathan S, Subash PP, Rengachari R, Kaliannagounder K, Pradeep DK, 2008. Mathematical models for lymphatic filariasis transmission and control: challenges and prospects. Parasit Vectors 1: 2.
-
5.
Ottesen EA, 2006. Lymphatic filariasis: treatment, control and elimination. Adv Parasitol 61: 395–441.
-
6.
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Simonsen PE, Pedersen EM, Barker G, Kumar A, Kazura JW, 2004. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet Infect Dis 4: 223–234.
-
7.
WHO, 2011. Lymphatic Filariasis: Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
8.
Anoke SC, Mwai P, Jeffery C, Valadez JJ, Pagano M, 2015. Comparing two survey methods of measuring health-related indicators: lot quality assurance sampling and demographic health surveys. Trop Med Int Health 20: 1756–1770.
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9.
WHO WPRO, 2006. The PacELF Way: Towards the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis from the Pacific, 1999–2005. Manila, Philippines: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific.
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10.
WHO, 2017. PCT Databank. Available at: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/preventive_chemotherapy/lf/en/. Accessed September 8, 2015.
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11.
National Institute of Statistics and Economy, France, 2008. Wallis et Futuna. Available at: https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1281100. Accessed July 17, 2017.
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Secretariat of Pacific Community, 2014. Programme de Wallis et Futuna. Available at: https://www.spc.int/our-members/wallis-and-futuna/details. Accessed May 20, 2019.
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13.
Allen T, Taleo F, Graves PM, Wood P, Taleo G, Baker MC, Bradley M, Ichimori K, 2017. Impact of the lymphatic filariasis control program towards elimination of filariasis in Vanuatu, 1997–2006. Trop Med Health 45: 8.
-
14.
Rageau J, Estienne J, 1959. Enquête Sur la Filariose à Wallis.
-
15.
Fauran P, Lacoste J, Combes D, Marcille P, Charpin M, 1981. Wuchereria bancrofti human aperiodic filariasis in French territory of Wallis and Futuna [article in French]. Med Trop (Mars) 41: 665–669.
-
16.
Rodhain F, Rodhain-Rebourg F, 1977. Distribution géographique actuelle de la filariose lymphathique. 7–Pacifique Sud. Méd Mal Infect 7: 217–224.
-
17.
GAELF, 2018. Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS). Available at: https://www.gaelf.org/progress-elimination/stopping-treatment-me/transmission-assessment-survey-tas. Accessed May 28, 2019.
-
18.
King JD, Eigege A, Umaru J, Jip N, Miri E, Jiya J, Alphonsus KM, Sambo Y, Graves P, Richards F Jr., 2012. Evidence for stopping mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in some, but not all local government areas of Plateau and Nasarawa states, Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 272–280.
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19.
Milstein RL, Wetterhall SF, 1999. Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
-
20.
Rao RU, Samarasekera SD, Nagodavithana KC, Punchihewa MW, Ranasinghe USB, Weil GJ, 2019. Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007365.
-
21.
Bradley J, Lines J, Fuseini G, Schwabe C, Monti F, Slotman M, Vargas D, Garcia G, Hergott D, Kleinschmidt I, 2015. Outdoor biting by Anopheles mosquitoes on Bioko Island does not currently impact on malaria control. Malar J 14: 170.
-
22.
Weil GJ, Ramzy RM, Chandrashekar R, Gad AM, Lowrie RC, Faris R, 1996. Parasite antigenemia without microfilaremia in bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 333–337.
-
23.
Simonsen PE et al. 2002. Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in east Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 550–559.
-
24.
NTD News, 2017. NTD Newsletter Issue 6. Available at: http://origin.wpro.who.int/mvp/ntd/ntd_newsletters/en/. Accessed August 12, 2019.
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25.
WHO, 2017. Validation of Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as a Public Health Problem. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
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26.
WHO, 2018. WHO Validates 3 More Countries for Eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis. Available at: https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/news/WHO-validates-3-more-countries-for-lf/en/. Accessed May 31, 2019.
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27.
WHO, 2012. Accelerating Work to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Roadmap For Implementation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
28.
Braga C, Dourado MI, Ximenes RA, Alves L, Brayner F, Rocha A, Alexander N, 2003. Field evaluation of the whole blood immunochromatographic test for rapid bancroftian filariasis diagnosis in the northeast of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 45: 125–129.
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| Abstract Views | 45 | 45 | 9 |
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| PDF Downloads | 182 | 27 | 0 |
An Expanded Transmission Assessment Survey to Confirm the Interruption of Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission in Wallis and Futuna
Lorenzo Pezzoli
Lorenzo Pezzoli
Epidemiology Consultant, London, United Kingdom;
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Sung Hye Kim
Sung Hye Kim
Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji;
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Jean Pierre Mathelin
Jean Pierre Mathelin
Public Health Agency, Mata Utu, Wallis and Futuna;
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Karen Hennessey
Karen Hennessey
Western Pacific Regional Office, World Health Organization, Manila, The Philippines
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Padmasiri Eswara Aratchige
Padmasiri Eswara Aratchige
Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji;
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Jayaprakash Valiakolleri
Jayaprakash Valiakolleri
Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji;
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Historically, the human prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Wallis and Futuna (WAF) was among the highest in the Pacific and mass drug administration (MDA) against lymphatic filariasis (LF) either with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) or the combination of DEC and albendazole had been implemented for decades. To determine whether LF antigen prevalence in WAF was lower than 1%, the infection threshold for elimination in an area where Aedes spp. are the principal vectors, we conducted the WHO-recommended transmission assessment survey in 2012. We present the results of a school-based survey, which targeted 1,014 students in all 13 elementary schools in WAF. From a fingerprick, the circulating filarial antigen (CFA) positivity was checked for grade 2–5 students using BinaxNOW filariasis test (immunochromatographic test). Of 935 children tested, three were positive for CFA in two schools. At the territory level, this was below the critical cutoff of nine cases, if the whole territory was considered as a single evaluation unit. The prevalence of CFA in WAF is less than 1%, reaching the goal for LF elimination set by the WHO. We were able to recommend stopping LF MDA and move to post-MDA surveillance to detect any recrudescence. This survey successfully paved the way for WAF to be validated as achieving LF elimination as a public health problem by 2020.
Author Notes
Financial support: Sample collection and analysis was funded by the government of New Zealand as part of the support provided to “Pacific Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis” via the World Health Organization Division of Pacific Technical Support.
Authors’ addresses: Lorenzo Pezzoli, Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, E-mail: lorenzo.pezz@gmail.com. Sung Hye Kim, Padmasiri Eswara Aratchige, and Jayaprakash Valiakolleri, Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji, E-mails: sunghye.kim@post.harvard.edu, epadmasiri@yahoo.com, and vtdrjp56@yahoo.com. Jean Pierre Mathelin, Public Health Agency, Mata Utu, Wallis and Futuna, E-mail: doc.jpmwf@gmail.com. Karen Hennessey, Western Pacific Regional Office, World Health Organization, Manila, The Philippines, E-mail: hennesseyk100@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ottesen EA, 2000. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Trop Med Int Health 5: 591–594.
-
2.
Burkot T, Ichimori K, 2002. The PacELF programme: will mass drug administration be enough? Trends Parasitol 18: 109–115.
-
3.
WHO, 2017. Global Progress Towards Elimination. Available at: http://www.who.int/lymphatic_filariasis/global_progress/en/. Accessed December 11, 2017.
-
4.
Swaminathan S, Subash PP, Rengachari R, Kaliannagounder K, Pradeep DK, 2008. Mathematical models for lymphatic filariasis transmission and control: challenges and prospects. Parasit Vectors 1: 2.
-
5.
Ottesen EA, 2006. Lymphatic filariasis: treatment, control and elimination. Adv Parasitol 61: 395–441.
-
6.
Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Simonsen PE, Pedersen EM, Barker G, Kumar A, Kazura JW, 2004. Mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. Lancet Infect Dis 4: 223–234.
-
7.
WHO, 2011. Lymphatic Filariasis: Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
8.
Anoke SC, Mwai P, Jeffery C, Valadez JJ, Pagano M, 2015. Comparing two survey methods of measuring health-related indicators: lot quality assurance sampling and demographic health surveys. Trop Med Int Health 20: 1756–1770.
-
9.
WHO WPRO, 2006. The PacELF Way: Towards the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis from the Pacific, 1999–2005. Manila, Philippines: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific.
-
10.
WHO, 2017. PCT Databank. Available at: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/preventive_chemotherapy/lf/en/. Accessed September 8, 2015.
-
11.
National Institute of Statistics and Economy, France, 2008. Wallis et Futuna. Available at: https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1281100. Accessed July 17, 2017.
-
12.
Secretariat of Pacific Community, 2014. Programme de Wallis et Futuna. Available at: https://www.spc.int/our-members/wallis-and-futuna/details. Accessed May 20, 2019.
-
13.
Allen T, Taleo F, Graves PM, Wood P, Taleo G, Baker MC, Bradley M, Ichimori K, 2017. Impact of the lymphatic filariasis control program towards elimination of filariasis in Vanuatu, 1997–2006. Trop Med Health 45: 8.
-
14.
Rageau J, Estienne J, 1959. Enquête Sur la Filariose à Wallis.
-
15.
Fauran P, Lacoste J, Combes D, Marcille P, Charpin M, 1981. Wuchereria bancrofti human aperiodic filariasis in French territory of Wallis and Futuna [article in French]. Med Trop (Mars) 41: 665–669.
-
16.
Rodhain F, Rodhain-Rebourg F, 1977. Distribution géographique actuelle de la filariose lymphathique. 7–Pacifique Sud. Méd Mal Infect 7: 217–224.
-
17.
GAELF, 2018. Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS). Available at: https://www.gaelf.org/progress-elimination/stopping-treatment-me/transmission-assessment-survey-tas. Accessed May 28, 2019.
-
18.
King JD, Eigege A, Umaru J, Jip N, Miri E, Jiya J, Alphonsus KM, Sambo Y, Graves P, Richards F Jr., 2012. Evidence for stopping mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in some, but not all local government areas of Plateau and Nasarawa states, Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 272–280.
-
19.
Milstein RL, Wetterhall SF, 1999. Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
-
20.
Rao RU, Samarasekera SD, Nagodavithana KC, Punchihewa MW, Ranasinghe USB, Weil GJ, 2019. Systematic sampling of adults as a sensitive means of detecting persistence of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug administration in Sri Lanka. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13: e0007365.
-
21.
Bradley J, Lines J, Fuseini G, Schwabe C, Monti F, Slotman M, Vargas D, Garcia G, Hergott D, Kleinschmidt I, 2015. Outdoor biting by Anopheles mosquitoes on Bioko Island does not currently impact on malaria control. Malar J 14: 170.
-
22.
Weil GJ, Ramzy RM, Chandrashekar R, Gad AM, Lowrie RC, Faris R, 1996. Parasite antigenemia without microfilaremia in bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 333–337.
-
23.
Simonsen PE et al. 2002. Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in east Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 550–559.
-
24.
NTD News, 2017. NTD Newsletter Issue 6. Available at: http://origin.wpro.who.int/mvp/ntd/ntd_newsletters/en/. Accessed August 12, 2019.
-
25.
WHO, 2017. Validation of Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as a Public Health Problem. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
26.
WHO, 2018. WHO Validates 3 More Countries for Eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis. Available at: https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/news/WHO-validates-3-more-countries-for-lf/en/. Accessed May 31, 2019.
-
27.
WHO, 2012. Accelerating Work to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Roadmap For Implementation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
28.
Braga C, Dourado MI, Ximenes RA, Alves L, Brayner F, Rocha A, Alexander N, 2003. Field evaluation of the whole blood immunochromatographic test for rapid bancroftian filariasis diagnosis in the northeast of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 45: 125–129.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 45 | 45 | 9 |
| Full Text Views | 690 | 120 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 182 | 27 | 0 |