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Host Competency of the Multimammate Rat Mastomys natalensis Demonstrated by Prolonged Spirochetemias with the African Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia crocidurae
African multimammate rats, Mastomys natalensis, are widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and live in close association with humans. In West Africa, numerous field studies have shown these animals may be naturally infected with the relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia crocidurae, the primary cause of tick-borne relapsing fever in this region of the continent. However, naturally infected individual rats have never been examined over time; therefore, the true host competency of these rats for this spirochete is unknown. Therefore, using animals from an established laboratory colony of M. natalensis, rats were experimentally infected with B. crocidurae and their blood examined to 28 days postinoculation. These animals were highly susceptible to infection and displayed prolonged and cyclic spirochetemias. Our results demonstrate these peridomestic rodents are likely competent hosts for infecting argasid tick vectors and play a primary role in the enzootic cycle for B. crocidurae in West Africa.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by the International Centers for Excellence in Research (ICER) and the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health.
Authors’ addresses: Kristin Boardman, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, E-mail: kristinboardman94@yahoo.com. Kyle Rosenke, Heinz Feldmann, and Tom G. Schwan, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, E-mails: kyle.rosenke@nih.gov, feldmannh@niaid.nih.gov, and tschwan@nih.gov. David Safronetz, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada, E-mail: david.safronetz@canada.ca.