ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, 2016. Ethiopia National Malaria Indicator Survey 2015. Addid Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. Available at: https://www.ephi.gov.et/images/pictures/download2009/MIS-2015-Final-Report-December-_2016.pdf.
-
2.
Mekonnen SK, Aseffa A, Berhe N, Teklehaymanot T, Clouse RM, Gebru T, Medhin G, Velavan TP, 2014. Return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites and emergence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia. Malar J 13: 244.
-
3.
Alifrangis M et al. 2014. Independent origin of Plasmodium falciparum antifolate super-resistance, Uganda, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. Emerg Infect Dis 20: 1280–1286.
-
4.
Kamau E et al. 2015. K13-propeller polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites from sub-Saharan Africa. J Infect Dis 211: 1352–1355.
-
5.
Heuchert A, Abduselam N, Zeynudin A, Eshetu T, Löscher T, Wieser A, Pritsch M, Berens-Riha N, 2015. Molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance in southwest Ethiopia over time: regional surveillance from 2006 to 2013. Malar J 14: 208.
-
6.
Golassa L et al. 2015. Identification of large variation in pfcrt, pfmdr-1 and pfubp-1 markers in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Ethiopia and Tanzania. Malar J 14: 264.
-
7.
Tessema SK, Kassa M, Kebede A, Mohammed H, Leta GT, Woyessa A, Guma GT, Petros B, 2015. Declining trend of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutant alleles after the withdrawal of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in north western Ethiopia. PLoS One 10: e0126943.
-
8.
Lo E et al. 2017. Transmission dynamics of co-endemic Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in Ethiopia and prevalence of antimalarial resistant genotypes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005806.
-
9.
Taylor SM, Parobek CM, Aragam N, Ngasala BE, Mårtensson A, Meshnick SR, Juliano JJ, 2013. Pooled deep sequencing of Plasmodium falciparum isolates: an efficient and scalable tool to quantify prevailing malaria drug-resistance genotypes. J Infect Dis 208: 1998–2006.
-
10.
Hathaway NJ, Parobek CM, Juliano JJ, Bailey JA, 2017. SeekDeep: single-base resolution de novo clustering for amplicon deep sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 46: e21.
-
11.
Tamura K, Nei M, 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 10: 512–526.
-
12.
Paradis E, Claude J, Strimmer K, 2004. APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics 20: 289–290.
-
13.
Yu G, Smith DK, Zhu H, Guan Y, Lam TTY, 2016. ggtree: anrpackage for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data. Methods Ecol Evol 8: 28–36.
-
14.
Gu Z, Gu L, Eils R, Schlesner M, Brors B, 2014. Circlize implements and enhances circular visualization in R. Bioinformatics 30: 2811–2812.
-
15.
Venkatesan M et al. ASAQ Molecular Marker Study Group, 2014. Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter and multidrug resistance 1 genes: parasite risk factors that affect treatment outcomes for P. falciparum malaria after artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 833–843.
-
16.
Miller RH, Hathaway NJ, Kharabora O, Mwandagalirwa K, Tshefu A, Meshnick SR, Taylor SM, Juliano JJ, Stewart VA, Bailey JA, 2017. A deep sequencing approach to estimate Plasmodium falciparum complexity of infection (COI) and explore apical membrane antigen 1 diversity. Malar J 16: 490.
-
17.
Bei AK et al. 2018. Dramatic changes in malaria population genetic complexity in dielmo and ndiop, senegal, revealed using genomic surveillance. J Infect Dis 217: 622–627.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 629 | 169 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 189 | 63 | 2 |
Pooled Deep Sequencing of Drug Resistance Loci from Plasmodium falciparum Parasites across Ethiopia
Although Ethiopia has an overall lower prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum among countries in Africa, the emergence of drug resistance could seriously hinder elimination efforts. Using samples collected from five therapeutic efficacy studies conducted in 2007–11, we evaluated the prevalence of putative drug resistance mutations in the pfcrt, pfmdr1, and kelch13 genes at the time of those studies, as well as the ama1 gene for genetic relatedness using a pooled amplicon deep sequencing approach. Among all sites, the kelch13 gene showed no mutations, whereas the pfcrt CVIET genotype was fixed in all populations. By contrast, the mdr1 gene demonstrated frequencies of resistant genotypes ranging from 10 to 100% at amino acid position 86 and from 0% to 57.8% at amino acid position 1246. Although we observed a low degree of haplotype sharing between sites, we did observe considerable haplotype sharing within sites over time. This suggests that P. falciparum populations in Ethiopia are isolated and able to persist through time.
- Supplemental Materials (MS Word 12 KB)
- Supplemental Materials (XLSX 9 KB)
- Supplemental Materials (XLS 42 KB)
- Supplemental Materials (JPG 103 KB)
- Supplemental Materials (MS Word 14 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: This project was supported by a Benjamin H Kean Travel Fellowship from the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene and the T32AI070114 to N. F. B. and K24AI134990 from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health to J. J. J.
Authors’ addresses: Nicholas F. Brazeau and Steven R. Meshnick, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, E-mails: nbrazeau@med.unc.edu and meshnick@email.unc.edu. Ashenafi Assefa, Hussein Mohammed, Heven Seme, Abeba G. Tsadik, Moges Kassa, and Adugna Woyessa, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Vector Borne Diseases, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, E-mails: ashyaega@yahoo.com, hussein_ehnri@yahoo.com, hevensime@yahoo.com, abebagtsadik@yahoo.com, eyobmk@yahoo.com, and adugnawayessa@gmail.com. Jonathan B. Parr and Jonathan J. Juliano, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, E-mails: jonathan_parr@med.unc.edu and jonathan_juliano@med.unc.edu. Corinna Keeler, Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, E-mail: corinnacykeeler@live.unc.edu. Nicholas J. Hathaway, School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, E-mail: nickjhathaway@gmail.com. Jeffrey A. Bailey, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, E-mail: jeffrey_bailey@brown.edu.
These authors contributed equally to this work.