ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
WHO, 2018. Global Tuberculosis Report 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Doan TN, Eisen DP, Rose MT, Slack A, Stearnes G, McBryde ES, 2017. Interferon-gamma release assay for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: a latent-class analysis. PLoS One 12: 1–26.
-
3.
Abel L, El-Baghdadi J, Bousfiha AA, Casanova JL, Schurr E, 2014. Human genetics of tuberculosis: a long and winding road. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369: 20130428.
-
4.
Fox GJ, Barry SE, Britton WJ, Marks GB, 2013. Contact investigation for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 41: 140–156.
-
5.
Luo J, Zhang M, Yan B, Zhang K, Chen M, Deng S, 2017. Imbalance of Th17 and Treg in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of active tuberculosis patients. Braz J Infect Dis 21: 155–161.
-
6.
Fox GJ, Menzies D, 2013. Epidemiology of tuberculosis immunology. Adv Exp Med Biol 783: 1–32.
-
7.
Carvalho ACC, Cardoso CAA, Martire TM, Migliori GB, Sant’Anna C, 2018. Epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations, and prevention of pediatric tuberculosis from the perspective of the end TB strategy. J Bras Pneumol 44: 134–144.
-
8.
Dodd PJ, Gardiner E, Coghlan R, Seddon JA, 2014. Burden of childhood tuberculosis in 22 high-burden countries: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2: e453–e459.
-
9.
Morrison J, Pai M, Hopewell PC, 2008. Tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection in close contacts of people with pulmonary tuberculosis in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 8: 359–368.
-
10.
WHO, 2018. Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Updated and Consolidated Guidelines for Programmatic Management. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
11.
Martinez L, Shen Y, Mupere E, Kizza A, Hill PC, Whalen CC, 2017. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in households and the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 185: 1327–1339.
-
12.
Sant’Ana C, Loboguerrero MA, Sant’Anna CC, Loboguerrero MA, Sant’Ana C, Loboguerrero MA, 2015. Tuberculose em Crianças e Jovens. Brazil, São Paulo: Atheneu.
-
13.
Tostmann A, Kik SV, Kalisvaart NA, Sebek MM, Verver S, Boeree MJ, van Soolingen D, 2008. Tuberculosis transmission by patients with smear‐negative pulmonary tuberculosis in a large cohort in the Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis 47: 1135–1142.
-
14.
IBGE Instituto, 2017. Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Available at: https://ww2.ibge.gov.br/home/default.php. Accessed August 23, 2017.
-
15.
Brazil, Ministério da Saúde, Sala de Apoio à Gestão Estratégica (SAGE), 2017. Situação de Saúde e Indicadores de Morbidade da Tuberculose. Available at: http://sage.saude.gov.br/#. Accessed August 28, 2017.
-
16.
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiologica, 2018. Manual De Recomendações Para o Controle Da Tuberculose No Brasil. Brasília, Brasil: Ministério da Saúde.
-
17.
Lewinsohn DM et al. 2017. Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical practice guidelines: diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis 64: 111–115.
-
18.
Cavany SM, Sumner T, Vynnycky E, Flach C, White RG, Thomas HL, Maguire H, Anderson C, 2017. An evaluation of tuberculosis contact investigations against national standards. Thorax 72: 736–745.
-
19.
Chandrasekaran P et al. 2018. Tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-Gold in tube assay for diagnosis of latent TB infection among household contacts of pulmonary TB patients in high TB burden setting. PLoS One 13: e0199360.
-
20.
Ferrarini MAG, Spina FG, Weckx LY, Lederman HM, De Moraes-Pinto MI, 2016. Rate of tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents with household contact with adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis as assessed by tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assays. Epidemiol Infect 144: 712–723.
-
21.
Petrucci R et al. 2008. Interferon gamma, interferon-gamma-induced-protein 10, and tuberculin responses of children at high risk of tuberculosis infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 27: 1073–1077.
-
22.
Albanese S, da Costa A, Pieri F, Alves E, Santos D, Derbauy G, Arcencio R, 2015. Prevalence and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in tuberculosis case contacts. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 48: 307–313.
-
23.
de Araujo LS et al. 2016. Transcriptomic biomarkers for tuberculosis: evaluation of DOCK9, EPHA4, and NPC2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood. Front Microbiol 7: 1–10.
-
24.
Barry CE, Boshoff H, Dartois V, Dick T, Ehrt S, Flynn J, Schnappinger D, Wilkinson RJ, Young D, 2009. The spectrum of latent tuberculosis: rethinking the goals of prophylaxis. Nat Rev Microbiol 7: 845–855.
-
25.
Luzzati R et al. 2017. Children under 5 years are at risk for tuberculosis after occasional contact with highly contagious patients: outbreak from a smear-positive healthcare worker. Eur Respir J 50:10–13.
-
26.
Beyanga M, Kidenya BR, Gerwing-Adima L, Ochodo E, Mshana SE, Kasang C, 2018. Investigation of household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients increases case detection in Mwanza city, Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 18: 110.
-
27.
Gebreegziabher SB, Bjune GA, Yimer SA, 2016. Total delay is associated with unfavorable treatment outcome among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in West Gojjam zone, northwest Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One 11: 1–16.
-
28.
Asres M, Gedefaw M, Kahsay A, Weldu Y, 2017. Patients’ delay in seeking health care for tuberculosis diagnosis in East Gojjam zone, northwest Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 1071–1075.
-
29.
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS), 2017. Sistema de Informações do Programa Nacional de Imunização (SI-PNI). Available at: http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/tabcgi.exe?pni/cnv/cpniuf.def. Accessed July 20, 2009.
-
30.
Roy A et al. 2014. Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 349: g4643.
-
31.
Areeshi MY, Mandal RK, Akhter N, Dar SA, Jawed A, Wahid M, Mahto H, Panda AK, Lohani M, Haque S, 2016. A meta-analysis of MBL2 polymorphisms and tuberculosis risk. Sci Rep 6: 35728.
-
32.
Eskandari-Nasab E, Moghadampour M, Tahmasebi A, Asadi-Saghandi A, 2018. Interleukin-17 A and F gene polymorphisms affect the risk of tuberculosis: an updated meta-analysis. Indian J Tuberc 65: 200–207.
-
33.
Naderi M, Hashemi M, Safdari A, Bahari G, Taheri M, 2016. Association of genetic polymorphisms of CISH with the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Braz J Infect Dis 20: 379–383.
-
34.
Carey AF, Rock JM, Krieger IV, Chase MR, Fernandez-Suarez M, Gagneux S, Sacchettini JC, Ioerger TR, Fortune SM, 2019. TnSeq of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates reveals strain-specific antibiotic liabilities. PLoS Pathog 15: e1007846.
-
35.
Da Silva RC, Segat L, Da Cruz HLA, Schindler HC, Montenegro LML, Crovella S, Guimarães RL, 2014. Association of CD209 and CD209L polymorphisms with tuberculosis infection in a northeastern Brazilian population. Mol Biol Rep 41: 5449–5457.
-
36.
Milano M, Moraes MO, Rodenbusch R, Carvalho CX, Delcroix M, Mousquer G, Da Costa LL, Unis G, Costa ERD, Rossetti MLR, 2016. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL17A and IL6 are associated with decreased risk for pulmonary tuberculosis in southern Brazilian population. PLoS One 11: 1–11.
-
37.
Zenner D, Beer N, Harris R, Lipman MC, Stagg HR, van der Werf MJ, 2017. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection an updated network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 167: 248–255.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 1024 | 155 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 203 | 41 | 1 |
Low Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Contacts of Smear-Positive Adults in Brazil
This follow-up cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the prevalence rate and risk factors related to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) in children aged < 15 years in contact with adults with smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) in a Brazilian municipality. Data were collected from interviews, clinical evaluations, chest X-rays, tuberculin skin tests, and interferon gamma release assays. The median time elapsed between diagnosis of the index case (IC) and inclusion in the study was 2.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.5–4.4) and 7.4 years (IQR = 3.8–9.7) when we reassessed the development (or not) of active TB. The median age at the time of exposure to the IC was 6.6 years (IQR = 3.3–9.4) and 14.1 years (IQR = 8.9–17.7) at the last follow-up. Of the 99 children and adolescents in contact with smear-positive PTB, 21.2% (95% CI = 14.0–29.9) were diagnosed with LTBI, and none developed active TB. There was no statistically significant difference between the LTBI and non-LTBI groups regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological characteristics. Unlike national and international scenarios, we found a lower frequency of LTBI and no active TB among our studied patients. For better understanding of these findings, further studies might add, among other factors, host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic features.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by funding from the Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences of the Federal University of São João del-Rei and the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG, Grant #CDS-APQ-00817-12 and #CDS-APQ-03958-16). P. C. and C. C. S. A. are supported by the Brazilian Council for Research and Technological Development (CNPq, Grant #303031/2016-6 and #305044/2012-5, respectively).
Authors’ addresses: Andreza Oliveira-Cortez, Emerson Lopes Froede, Angelita Cristine de Melo, Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha, Cláudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira, and Paulo Camargos, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil, E-mails: andrezaohcortez@gmail.com, emersonlf@hotmail.com, angelitamelo@ufsj.edu.br, elianarocha@ufsj.edu.br, claudia.dlorenzo@gmail.com, and paulo.camargos@pq.cnpq.br. Clemax Couto Sant’Anna, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mail: clemax01@gmail.com. Leonardo Araújo Pinto, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, E-mail: leonardo.pinto@pucrs.br.