Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
  • 1.

    Okeke IN, Lamikanra A, Czeczulin J, Dubovsky F, Kaper JB, Nataro JP, 2000. Heterogeneous virulence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains isolated from children in southwest Nigeria. J Infect Dis 181: 252–260.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 2.

    Samie A, Obi CL, Dillingham R, Pinkerton RC, Guerrant RL, 2007. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Venda, South Africa: distribution of virulence-related genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in stool samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative individuals and primary school children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 142–150.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 3.

    Nataro JP, Kaper JB, Robins-Browne R, Prado V, Vial P, Levine MM, 1987. Patterns of adherence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells. Pediatr Infect Dis J 6: 829–831.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 4.

    Huang DB, Mohamed JA, Nataro JP, DuPont HL, Jiang ZD, Okhuysen PC, 2007. Virulence characteristics and the molecular epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from travellers to developing countries. J Med Microbiol 56: 1386–1392.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 5.

    Scavia G, Staffolani M, Fisichella S, Striano G, Colletta S, Ferri G, Escher M, Minelli F, Caprioli A, 2008. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis. J Med Microbiol 57: 1141–1146.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 6.

    Regua-Mangia AH, Gomes TA, Vieira MA, Irino K, Teixeira LM, 2009. Molecular typing and virulence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. J Med Microbiol 58: 414–422.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 7.

    Meng CY, Smith BL, Bodhidatta L, Richard SA, Vansith K, Thy B, Srijan A, Serichantalergs O, Mason CJ, 2011. Etiology of diarrhea in young children and patterns of antibiotic resistance in Cambodia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 30: 331–335.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 8.

    Boisen N et al. 2012. Genomic characterization of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli from children in Mali. J Infect Dis 205: 431–444.

  • 9.

    Steiner TS, Samie A, Guerrant RL, 2006. Infectious diarrhea: new pathogens and new challenges in developed and developing areas. Clin Infect Dis 43: 408–410.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 10.

    Czeczulin JR, Whittam TS, Henderson IR, Navarro-Garcia F, Nataro JP, 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of enteroaggregative and diffusely adherent Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 67: 2692–2699.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 11.

    Chaudhuri RR, Sebaihia M, Hobman JL, Webber MA, Leyton DL, Goldberg MD, Cunningham AF, Scott-Tucker A, Ferguson PR, 2010. Complete genome sequence and comparative metabolic profiling of the prototypical enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain 042. PLoS One 5: e8801.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 12.

    Morin N, Tirling C, Ivison SM, Kaur AP, Nataro JP, Steiner TS, 2010. Autoactivation of the AggR regulator of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 58: 344–355.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 13.

    Bernier C, Gounon P, Le Bouguénec C, 2002. Identification of an aggregative adhesion fimbria (AAF) type III-encoding operon in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as a sensitive probe for detecting the AAF-encoding operon family. Infect Immun 70: 4302–4311.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 14.

    Nataro JP, Deng Y, Maneval DR, German AL, Martin WC, Levine MM, 1992. Aggregative adherence fimbriae I of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli mediate adherence to HEp-2 cells and hemagglutination of human erythrocytes. Infect Immun 60: 2297– 2304.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15.

    Lima IF et al. 2013. Prevalence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and its virulence-related genes in a case-control study among children from north-eastern Brazil. J Med Microbiol 62:683–693.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 16.

    Mendez-Arancibia E, Vargas M, Soto S, Ruiz J, Kahigwa E, Schellenberg D, Urassa H, Gascón J, Vila J, 2008. Prevalence of different virulence factors and biofilm production in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates causing diarrhea in children in Ifakara (Tanzania). Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 985–989.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 17.

    Kahali S, Sarkar B, Rajendran K, Khanam J, Yamasaki S, Nandy RK, Bhattacharya SK, Ramamurthy T, 2004. Virulence characteristics and molecular epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized diarrheal patients in Kolkata, India. J Clin Microbiol 42: 4111–4120.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 18.

    Falcao JP, Falcao DP, Gomes TA, 2004. Ice as a vehicle for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol 91: 99–103.

  • 19.

    Bessong PO, Nyathi E, Mahopo TC, Netshandama V, 2014. Development of the Dzimauli community in Vhembe district, Limpopo province of South Africa, for the MAL-ED cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 59(Suppl 4): S317–S324.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 20.

    Queipo-Ortuño MI, De Dios Colmenero J, Macias M, Bravo MJ, Morata P, 2008. Preparation of bacterial DNA template by boiling and effect of immunoglobulin G as an inhibitor in real-time PCR for serum samples from patients with brucellosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 15: 293–296.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 21.

    Nguyen TV, Le Van P, Le Huy C, Gia KN, Weintraub A, 2005. Detection and characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli from young children in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 43: 755–760.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 22.

    Baudry B, Savarino SJ, Vial P, Kaper JB, Levine MM, 1990. A sensitive and specific DNA probe to identify enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, a recently discovered diarrheal pathogen. J Infect Dis 161: 1249–1251.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23.

    Cohen MB, Nataro JP, Bernstein DI, Hawkins J, Roberts N, Staat MA, 2005. Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in acute childhood enteritis: a prospective controlled study. J Pediatr 146: 54–61.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 24.

    Nataro JP, Mai V, Johnson J, Blackwelder WC, Heimer R, Tirrell S, Edberg SC, Braden CR, Glenn Morris J Jr., Hirshon JM, 2006. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection in Baltimore, Maryland, and New Haven, Connecticut. Clin Infect Dis 43: 402–407.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 25.

    Usein CR, Tatu-Chitoiu D, Ciontea S, Condei M, Damian M, 2009. Escherichia coli pathotypes associated with diarrhea in Romanian children younger than 5 years of age. Jpn J Infect Dis 62: 289–293.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 26.

    Dudley EG, Thomson NR, Parkhill J, Morin NP, Nataro JP, 2006. Proteomic and microarray characterization of the AggR regulon identifies a pheU pathogenicity island in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 61: 1267–1282.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 27.

    Cerna JF, Nataro JP, Estrada-Garcia T, 2003. Multiplex PCR for detection of three plasmid-borne genes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. J Clin Microbiol 41: 2138–2140.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 28.

    Sarantuya J et al. 2004. Typical enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is the most prevalent pathotype among E. coli strains causing diarrhea in Mongolian children. J Clin Microbiol 42: 133–139.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 29.

    Ochoa TJ, Mercado EH, Durand D, Rivera FP, Mosquito S, Contreras C, Riveros M, Lluque A, Barletta F, 2011. Frequency and pathotypes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Peruvian children with and without diarrhea [article in Spanish]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 28: 13–20.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 30.

    Rúgeles LC1, Bai J, Martínez AJ, Vanegas MC, Gómez-Duarte OG, 2010. Molecular characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains from stools samples and food products in Colombia. Int J Food Microbiol 15: 282.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 31.

    Pillay-van Wyk V, Swingler G, 2013. Enteropathogens associated with the seasonal fluctuations in plasma sodium and potassium levels in childhood diarrhoea. South Afr J Epidemiol Infect 28: 79–89.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

Prevalence of Virulence Genes in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolates from Young Children from Rural South Africa

Nicoline F. Tanih1, David T. Bolick2, Amidou Samie1, Emanuel Nyathi1, Rebecca Dillingham2, Relana C. Pinkerton2, Richard L. Guerrant2, and Pascal O. Bessong1
View More View Less
  • 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa;
  • | 2 Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0192
Volume/Issue:
Volume 101: Issue 5
Page(s):
1027–1033
Restricted access
Get Permissions

In this study, we report on the prevalence of 19 virulence genes in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) isolates from northern South Africa. Stool samples obtained prospectively from 97 children from 1 to 12 months of age were analyzed, and EAEC isolates were confirmed based on the presence of aaiC or aatA genes. We investigated 177 enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates for the prevalence of virulence genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The chromosomal gene aaiC was detected at higher frequency (48.0%) compared with aatA (26.0%). The gene encoding the open reading frame Orf61 was the most prevalent putative virulence trait detected among the isolates (150/177; 84.7%). None of the genes was statistically associated with diarrhea (P > 0.05). Detection rates were higher during 7–12 month of life with an association observed for the pic gene and the age group 7–12 months (P = 0.04). Winter was the season with the highest detection rates. Our data reveal a high prevalence of Orf61, Orf3, and astA in South African EAEC isolates. Specific genes may provide additional markers for the study of disease associations with age and season of sample collection.

Author Notes

Address correspondence to Amidou Samie, Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa. E-mail: samieamidou@yahoo.com

Authors’ addresses: Nicoline F. Tanih, Amidou Samie, Emanuel Nyathi, and Pascal O. Bessong, Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Microbiology Thohoyandou, South Africa, E-mails: nicofriline@yahoo.com, samieamidou@yahoo.com, emmanuel.nyathi@univen.ac.za, and Pascal.Bessong@univen.ac.za. David T. Bolick, Rebecca Dillingham, Relana C. Pinkerton, and Richard L. Guerrant, Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, E-mails: dtb5w@virginia.edu, rd8v@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu, rcp3w@virginia.edu, and rlg9a@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2019
Received:
07 Mar 2019
|
Accepted:
09 Jun 2019
|
Published Online:
16 Sep 2019
Save