Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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Biggar RJ, Ng J, Kim N, Hisada M, Li HC, Cranston B, Hanchard B, Maloney EM, 2006. Human leukocyte antigen concordance and the transmission risk via breast-feeding of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I. J Infect Dis 193: 277–282.
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Naucler A, Andersson S, Albino P, da Silva AP, Andreasson PA, Biberfeld G, 1992. Association between HTLV-1 and HIV-2 infections in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 6: 510–511.
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Andersson S, Dias F, Mendez PJ, Rodrigues A, Biberfeld G, 1997. HTLV-I and -II infections in a nationwide survey of pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 15: 320–322.
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Armah HB, Narter-Olaga EG, Adjei AA, Asomaning K, Gyasi RK, Tettey Y, 2006. Seroprevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I among pregnant women in Accra, Ghana. J Med Microbiol 55: 765–770.
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Etenna SL, Caron M, Besson G, Makuwa M, Gessain A, Mahé A, Kazanji M, 2008. New insights into prevalence, genetic diversity, and proviral load of human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant women in Gabon in equatorial central Africa. J Clin Microbiol 46: 3607–3614.
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Melo J, Beby-Defaux A, Faria C, Guiraud G, Folgosa E, Barreto A, Agius G, 2000. HIV and HTLV prevalences among women seen for sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy follow-up in Maputo, Mozambique. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 23: 203–204.
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Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 among Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Alain M. Ngoma
Alain M. Ngoma
Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;
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Paulin B. Mutombo
Paulin B. Mutombo
School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
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Magot D. Omokoko
Magot D. Omokoko
Hôpital de la Cité-de-la Santé, Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Laval, Canada;
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Eddy S. Mvika
Eddy S. Mvika
Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
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Kenneth E. Nollet
Kenneth E. Nollet
Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology and Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan;
Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Hitoshi Ohto
Hitoshi Ohto
Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) imposes a substantial disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is arguably the world’s largest endemic area for HTLV-1. Evidence that mother-to-child transmission persists as a major mode of transmission in SSA prompted us to estimate the pooled prevalence of HTLV-1 among pregnant women throughout the region. We systematically reviewed databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews from their inception to November 2018. We selected studies with data on HTLV-1 prevalence among pregnant women in SSA. A random effect meta-analysis was conducted on all eligible data and heterogeneity was assessed through subgroup analyses. A total of 18 studies, covering 14,079 pregnant women, were selected. The evidence base was high to moderate in quality. The pooled prevalence, per 100 women, of the 18 studies that screened HTLV-1 was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.00–2.50), a figure that masks regional variations. In Western, Central, Southern, and Eastern Africa, the numbers were 2.34 (1.68–3.09), 2.00 (0.75–3.79), 0.30 (0.10–0.57), and 0.00 (0.00–0.21), respectively. The prevalence of HTLV-1 infection among pregnant women in SSA, especially in Western and Central Africa, strengthens the case for action to implement routine screening of pregnant women for HTLV-1. Rigorous studies using confirmatory testing and molecular analysis would characterize more accurately the prevalence of this infection, consolidate the evidence base, and further guide beneficial interventions.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Alain M. Ngoma, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, E-mail: alain.ngoma@mail.mcgill.ca. Paulin M. Beya, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, E-mail: paulin.mutombo@unikin.ac.cd. Magot D. Omokoko, Hôpital de la Cité-de-la Santé, Affiliated to the University of Montreal, Laval, Canada, E-mail: magot.diata.omokoko@umontreal.ca. Eddy S. Mvika, Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, E-mail: eddymvika@yahoo.fr. Kenneth E. Nollet, Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology and Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan, E-mail: nollet@fmu.ac.jp. Hitoshi Ohto, Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan, E-mail: hit-ohto@fmu.ac.jp.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Gessain A, Cassar O, 2012. Epidemiological aspects and world distribution of HTLV-1 infection. Front Microbiol 3: 1–23.
-
2.
Proietti FA, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Catalan-Soares BC, Murphy EL, 2005. Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases. Oncogene 24: 6058–6068.
-
3.
Yamanashi H et al. 2018. Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 infection is associated with atherosclerosis as measured by carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese community-dwelling older people. Clin Infect Dis 67: 291–294.
-
4.
Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E, 2007. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 266–281.
-
5.
Satoh M et al. 2002. Involvement of IL-2/IL-2R system activation by parasite antigen in polyclonal expansion of CD4(+)25(+) HTLV-1-infected T-cells in human carriers of both HTLV-1 and S. stercoralis. Oncogene 16: 2466–2475.
-
6.
Khabbaz RF, Onorato IM, Cannon RO, Hartley TM, Roberts B, Hosein B, Kaplan JE, 1992. Seroprevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 among intravenous drug users and persons in clinics for sexually transmitted diseases. N Engl J Med 326: 375–380.
-
7.
Murphy EL, Figueroa JP, Gibbs WN, Brathwaite A, Holding-Cobham M, Waters D, Cranston B, Hanchard B, Blattner WA, 1989. Sexual transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Ann Intern Med 111: 555–560.
-
8.
Manns A, Wilks RJ, Murphy EL, Haynes G, Figueroa JP, Barnett M, Hanchard B, Blattner WA, 1992. A prospective study of transmission by transfusion of HTLV-I and risk factors associated with seroconversion. Int J Cancer 51: 886–891.
-
9.
Kinoshita K, Hino S, Amagaski T, Ikeda S, Yamada Y, Suzuyama J, Momita S, Toriya K, Kamihira S, Ichimaru M, 1984. Demonstration of adult T-cell leukemia virus antigen in milk from three sero-positive mothers. Gan 75: 103–105.
-
10.
Ureta-Vidal A et al. 1999. Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell-leukemia/lymphoma virus type I: implication of high antiviral antibody titer and high proviral load in carrier mothers. Int J Cancer 82: 832–836.
-
11.
Biggar RJ, Ng J, Kim N, Hisada M, Li HC, Cranston B, Hanchard B, Maloney EM, 2006. Human leukocyte antigen concordance and the transmission risk via breast-feeding of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I. J Infect Dis 193: 277–282.
-
12.
Hino S, Katamine S, Miyata H, Tsuji Y, Yamabe T, Miyamoto T, 1997. Primary prevention of HTLV-1 in Japan. Leukemia 3: 57–59.
-
13.
Hino S, 2011. Establishment of the milk-borne transmission as a key factor for the peculiar endemicity of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1): the ATL Prevention Program Nagasaki. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 87: 152–166.
-
14.
Salemi M, Van Dooren S, Audenaert E, Delaporte E, Goubau P, Desmyter J, Vandamme AM, 1998. Two new human T-lymphotropic virus type I phylogenetic subtypes in seroindeterminates, a Mbuti pygmy and a Gabonese, have closest relatives among African STLV-I strains. Virology 246: 277–287.
-
15.
Einsiedel L, Cassar O, Bardy P, Kearney D, Gessain A, 2013. Variant human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1c and adult T-cell leukemia, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1639–1641.
-
16.
UNICEF, 2014. Generation 2030 Africa. New York, NY: UNICEF. Available at: http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Generation_2030_Africa.pdf. Accessed January 24, 2019.
-
17.
Radulescu M, Diepgen T, 2009. What makes a good prevalence survey? Williams H, Diepgen T, eds. Evidence-Based Dermatology, 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 61–67.
-
18.
Schwarzer G. Meta: meta-analysis with R. Available at: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/meta/. Accessed December 18, 2018.
-
19.
Fleiss JL, 1993. The statistical basis of meta-analysis. Stat Methods Med Res 2: 121–145.
-
20.
Higgins J, Thompson SG, 2002. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 21: 1539–1558.
-
21.
Hunter J, Saratzis A, Sutton A, Boucher R, Sayer R, Bown M, 2014. In meta-analyses of proprtion studies, funnel plots were found to be an inaccurate method of assessing publication bias. J Clin Epidemiol 67: 897–903.
-
22.
Naucler A, Andersson S, Albino P, da Silva AP, Andreasson PA, Biberfeld G, 1992. Association between HTLV-1 and HIV-2 infections in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 6: 510–511.
-
23.
Andersson S, Dias F, Mendez PJ, Rodrigues A, Biberfeld G, 1997. HTLV-I and -II infections in a nationwide survey of pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 15: 320–322.
-
24.
Armah HB, Narter-Olaga EG, Adjei AA, Asomaning K, Gyasi RK, Tettey Y, 2006. Seroprevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I among pregnant women in Accra, Ghana. J Med Microbiol 55: 765–770.
-
25.
Delaporte E, Buvé A, Nzila N, Goeman J, Dazza MC, Henzel D, Heyward W, St. Louis M, Piot P, Laga M, 1995. HTLV-I infection among prostitutes and pregnant women in Kinshasa, Zaïre: how important is high-risk sexual behavior? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 8: 511–515.
-
26.
Etenna SL, Caron M, Besson G, Makuwa M, Gessain A, Mahé A, Kazanji M, 2008. New insights into prevalence, genetic diversity, and proviral load of human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant women in Gabon in equatorial central Africa. J Clin Microbiol 46: 3607–3614.
-
27.
Melo J, Beby-Defaux A, Faria C, Guiraud G, Folgosa E, Barreto A, Agius G, 2000. HIV and HTLV prevalences among women seen for sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy follow-up in Maputo, Mozambique. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 23: 203–204.
-
28.
Ndumbe PM, Okie F, Nyambi P, Delaporte E, de Thé G, 1992. Retrovirus infections in the south of Cameroon. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 72: 141–144.
-
29.
Okoye AE, Ibegbulam OG, Onoh RC, Ezeonu PO, Ugwu NI, Lawani LO, Anigbo CS, Nonyelu CE, 2014. Seroprevalence and correlates of human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type 1 antibodies among pregnant women at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Int J Womens Health 6: 849–855.
-
30.
Olaleye DO, Ekweozor CC, Sheng Z, Rasheed S, 1995. Evidence of serological cross-reactivities with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II in sera of pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Epidemiol 24: 198–203.
-
31.
Ramos JM, Toro C, Reyes F, Amor A, Gutiérrez F, 2011. Seroprevalence of HIV-1, HBV, HTLV-1 and Treponema pallidum among pregnant women in a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia. J Clin Virol 51: 83–85.
-
32.
Ramos JM, Belda S, Reyes F, Rodríguez JC, Royo G, Gutiérrez F, 2012. Prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, HTLV and Treponema pallidum among patients attending a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia. J Clin Virol 53: 268–269.
-
33.
Taylor MB, Parker SP, Crewe-Brown HH, McIntyre J, Cubitt WD, 1996. Seroepidemiology of HTLV-I in relation to that of HIV-1 in the Gauteng region, South Africa, using dried blood spots on filter papers. Epidemiol Infect 117: 343–348.
-
34.
Tuppin P, Makuwa M, Guerma T, Bazabana MM, Loukaka JC, Jeannel D, M’Pelé P, de Thé G, 1996. Low HTLV-I/II seroprevalence in pregnant women in Congo and a geographic cluster of an HTLV-like indeterminate western blot pattern. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 11: 105–107.
-
35.
Verdier M, Denis F, Sangaré A, Barin F, Gershy-Damet G, Rey JL, Soro B, Léonard G, Mounier M, Hugon J, 1989. Prevalence of antibody to human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in populations of Ivory Coast, West Africa. J Infect Dis 160: 363–370.
-
36.
Zehender G, Ebranati E, De Maddalena C, Gianelli E, Riva A, Rusconi S, Massetto B, Rankin F, Acurie M, Galli M, 2008. Description of a “trans-Saharan” strain of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 in West Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47: 269–273.
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