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1.
World Health Organization, 2017. Global Hepatitis Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/. Accessed June 25, 2019.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2016. Global Health Estimates 2015: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000–2015. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
3.
Hipgrave DB, Nguyen TV, Vu MH, Hoang TL, Do TD, Tran NT, Jolley D, Maynard JE, Biggs BA, 2003. Hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam and the implications for a national program of infant immunization. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 288–294.
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4.
Chen HL et al. 2012. Effects of maternal screening and universal immunization to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of HBV. Gastroenterology 142: 773–781.
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5.
Ni YH et al. 2007. Two decades of universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan: impact and implication for future strategies. Gastroenterology 132: 1287–1293.
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Hsu HM, Lu CF, Lee SC, Lin SR, Chen DS, 1999. Seroepidemiologic survey for hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan: the effect of hepatitis B mass immunization. J Infect Dis 179: 367–370.
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Chen CY, Hsu HY, Liu CC, Chang MH, Ni YH, 2010. Stable seroepidemiology of hepatitis B after universal immunization in Taiwan: a 3-year study of national surveillance of primary school students. Vaccine 28: 5605–5608.
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8.
Chang MH et al. 2009. Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccines: a 20-year follow-up study J Natl Cancer Inst 101: 1348–1355.
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Department of Household Registration, 2017. Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan. Available at: http://www.ris.gov.tw/346. Accessed March 8, 2018.
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Chen Y, Wu W, Li LJ, Lou B, Zhang J, Fan J, 2006. Comparison of the results for three automated immunoassay systems in determining serum HBV markers. Clin Chim Acta 372: 129–133.
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11.
Cowan SA, Bagdonaite J, Qureshi K, 2006. Universal hepatitis B screening of pregnant women in Denmark ascertains substantial additional infections: results from the first five months. Euro Surveill 11: E060608.
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12.
Denis F, Ranger-Rogez S, Alain S, Mounier M, Debrock C, Wagner A, Delpeyroux C, Tabaste JL, Aubard Y, Preux PM, 2004. Screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B markers in a French provincial university hospital (Limoges) during 15 years. Eur J Epidemiol 19: 973–978.
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13.
Abara WE et al. 2017. Hepatitis B surface antigen screening among pregnant women and care of infants of hepatitis B surface antigen–positive mothers: Guam, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66: 506–508.
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14.
Ramière C, Roche L, Scholtès C, Iwaz J, Saison J, Ecochard R, André P, 2016. Evolution of the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection and immunization rates in a large French cohort born between 1960 and 1994. Clin Microbiol Infect 22: 889.e1–889.e7.
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15.
Nguyen TH, Vu MH, Nguyen VC, Nguyen LH, Toda K, Nguyen TN, Dao S, Wannemuehler KA, Hennessey KA, 2014. A reduction in chronic hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among children in Vietnam demonstrates the importance of vaccination. Vaccine 32: 217–222.
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16.
Luo Z, Li L, Ruan B, 2012. Impact of the implementation of a vaccination strategy on hepatitis B virus infections in China over a 20-year period. Int J Infect Dis 16: e82–e88.
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Purwono PB et al. 2016. Hepatitis B virus infection in Indonesia 15 Years after adoption of a universal infant vaccination program: possible impacts of low birth dose coverage and a vaccine-escape mutant. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95: 674–679.
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Lin CC, Hsieh HS, Huang YJ, Huang YL, Ku MK, Hung HC, 2008. Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Taiwan: comparison between women born in Taiwan and other southeast countries. BMC Public Health 8: 49–56.
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Kao JH, 2002. Hepatitis B viral genotypes: clinical relevance and molecular characteristics. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17: 543–550.
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Chu CJ, Hussian M, Lok AS, 2002. Hepatitis B virus genotype B is associated with earlier HBeAg seroconversion compared with hepatitis B virus genotype C. Gastroenterology 122: 1756–1762.
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21.
Wen WH, Chang MH, Zhao LL, Ni YH, Hsu HY, Wu JF, Chen PJ, Chen DS, Chen HL, 2013. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus infection: significance of maternal viral load and strategies for intervention. J Hepatol 59: 24–30.
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Piratvisuth T, 2013. Optimal management of HBV infection during pregnancy. Liver Int 33 (Suppl 1): 188–194.
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Gentile I, Borgia G, 2014. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus: challenges and solutions. Int J Womens Health 6: 605–611.
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25.
Pan CQ, Han GR, Jiang HX, Zhao W, Cao MK, Wang CM, Yue X, Wang GJ, 2012. Telbivudine prevents vertical transmission from HBeAg-positive women with chronic hepatitis B. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 10: 520–526.
-
26.
Chen HL et al. 2015. Efficacy of maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in interrupting mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 62: 375–386.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 646 | 524 | 20 |
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Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Native and Immigrant Pregnant Women: A 20-Year Retrospective Study in Taiwan
Ching-Chiang Lin
Ching-Chiang Lin
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
Department of Education and Research, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan;
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Department of Education and Research, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan;
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Ching-Tang Shih
Ching-Tang Shih
Department of Family Medicine, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan;
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Chien-Hung Lee
Chien-Hung Lee
Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
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Ming-Kun Ku
Ming-Kun Ku
Department of Internal Medicine, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan;
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Yeou-Lih Huang
Yeou-Lih Huang
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Universal immunoprophylaxis against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is regarded as a key element to prevent perinatal HBV infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)- and hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-positive rates in native and immigrant pregnant women, to realize the impact of immigrants, and to identify any weaknesses 30 years after the implementation of hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan. A total of 20,020 test results of HBsAg and HBeAg in pregnant women—2,915 (14.6%) immigrant women and 17,105 native Taiwanese—from 1996 to 2015 were analyzed for changes during this 20-year retrospective cohort study. Native Taiwanese have a higher HBsAg-positive rate than immigrant women (P < 0.001). However, the HBsAg-positive rates decreased by 0.6% per year among native women, but did not decrease significantly (only by 0.18% per year) among immigrant women. The overall HBsAg-positive rate remained at high levels, 4.8% in the year 2015. The HBeAg-positive rate decreased significantly, by 0.22% per year, in the total women as well as by 0.23% per year in the native women (all P < 0.001); by contrast, the HBeAg-positive rate in immigrants decreased at a slower rate (0.10% per year), without a significant decreasing trend (P = 0.300). Higher HBeAg (+)/HBsAg (+) rate was found for the immigrants than for the native women (P < 0.001). To quickly and effectively lower the risk of vertical transmission, new approaches combined with vaccination may be needed in the post-immunization era.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Ching-Chiang Lin, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, E-mail: x6053@ms25.hinet.net. Ching-Tang Shih, Department of Family Medicine, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan, E-mail: aaronshih@hotmail.com. Chien-Hung Lee, Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, E-mail: cnhung@kmu.edu.tw. Ming-Kun Ku, Department of Internal Medicine, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan, E-mail: umingkun1965@yahoo.com.tw. Yeou-Lih Huang, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. E-mail: yelihu@kmu.edu.tw.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2017. Global Hepatitis Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/. Accessed June 25, 2019.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2016. Global Health Estimates 2015: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000–2015. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
3.
Hipgrave DB, Nguyen TV, Vu MH, Hoang TL, Do TD, Tran NT, Jolley D, Maynard JE, Biggs BA, 2003. Hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam and the implications for a national program of infant immunization. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 288–294.
-
4.
Chen HL et al. 2012. Effects of maternal screening and universal immunization to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of HBV. Gastroenterology 142: 773–781.
-
5.
Ni YH et al. 2007. Two decades of universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan: impact and implication for future strategies. Gastroenterology 132: 1287–1293.
-
6.
Hsu HM, Lu CF, Lee SC, Lin SR, Chen DS, 1999. Seroepidemiologic survey for hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan: the effect of hepatitis B mass immunization. J Infect Dis 179: 367–370.
-
7.
Chen CY, Hsu HY, Liu CC, Chang MH, Ni YH, 2010. Stable seroepidemiology of hepatitis B after universal immunization in Taiwan: a 3-year study of national surveillance of primary school students. Vaccine 28: 5605–5608.
-
8.
Chang MH et al. 2009. Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccines: a 20-year follow-up study J Natl Cancer Inst 101: 1348–1355.
-
9.
Department of Household Registration, 2017. Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan. Available at: http://www.ris.gov.tw/346. Accessed March 8, 2018.
-
10.
Chen Y, Wu W, Li LJ, Lou B, Zhang J, Fan J, 2006. Comparison of the results for three automated immunoassay systems in determining serum HBV markers. Clin Chim Acta 372: 129–133.
-
11.
Cowan SA, Bagdonaite J, Qureshi K, 2006. Universal hepatitis B screening of pregnant women in Denmark ascertains substantial additional infections: results from the first five months. Euro Surveill 11: E060608.
-
12.
Denis F, Ranger-Rogez S, Alain S, Mounier M, Debrock C, Wagner A, Delpeyroux C, Tabaste JL, Aubard Y, Preux PM, 2004. Screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B markers in a French provincial university hospital (Limoges) during 15 years. Eur J Epidemiol 19: 973–978.
-
13.
Abara WE et al. 2017. Hepatitis B surface antigen screening among pregnant women and care of infants of hepatitis B surface antigen–positive mothers: Guam, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66: 506–508.
-
14.
Ramière C, Roche L, Scholtès C, Iwaz J, Saison J, Ecochard R, André P, 2016. Evolution of the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection and immunization rates in a large French cohort born between 1960 and 1994. Clin Microbiol Infect 22: 889.e1–889.e7.
-
15.
Nguyen TH, Vu MH, Nguyen VC, Nguyen LH, Toda K, Nguyen TN, Dao S, Wannemuehler KA, Hennessey KA, 2014. A reduction in chronic hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among children in Vietnam demonstrates the importance of vaccination. Vaccine 32: 217–222.
-
16.
Luo Z, Li L, Ruan B, 2012. Impact of the implementation of a vaccination strategy on hepatitis B virus infections in China over a 20-year period. Int J Infect Dis 16: e82–e88.
-
17.
Purwono PB et al. 2016. Hepatitis B virus infection in Indonesia 15 Years after adoption of a universal infant vaccination program: possible impacts of low birth dose coverage and a vaccine-escape mutant. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95: 674–679.
-
18.
Lin CC, Hsieh HS, Huang YJ, Huang YL, Ku MK, Hung HC, 2008. Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Taiwan: comparison between women born in Taiwan and other southeast countries. BMC Public Health 8: 49–56.
-
19.
Kao JH, 2002. Hepatitis B viral genotypes: clinical relevance and molecular characteristics. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17: 543–550.
-
20.
Chu CJ, Hussian M, Lok AS, 2002. Hepatitis B virus genotype B is associated with earlier HBeAg seroconversion compared with hepatitis B virus genotype C. Gastroenterology 122: 1756–1762.
-
21.
Wen WH, Chang MH, Zhao LL, Ni YH, Hsu HY, Wu JF, Chen PJ, Chen DS, Chen HL, 2013. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus infection: significance of maternal viral load and strategies for intervention. J Hepatol 59: 24–30.
-
22.
Piratvisuth T, 2013. Optimal management of HBV infection during pregnancy. Liver Int 33 (Suppl 1): 188–194.
-
23.
Yuen MF, Lai CL, 2011. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B: evolution over two decades. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 26 (Suppl 1): 138–143.
-
24.
Gentile I, Borgia G, 2014. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus: challenges and solutions. Int J Womens Health 6: 605–611.
-
25.
Pan CQ, Han GR, Jiang HX, Zhao W, Cao MK, Wang CM, Yue X, Wang GJ, 2012. Telbivudine prevents vertical transmission from HBeAg-positive women with chronic hepatitis B. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 10: 520–526.
-
26.
Chen HL et al. 2015. Efficacy of maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in interrupting mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 62: 375–386.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 646 | 524 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 495 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 170 | 13 | 0 |