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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1.
Tamura A, Ohashi N, Urakami H, Miyamura S, 1995. Classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a new genus, Orientia gen. nov., as Orientia tsutsugamushi comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45: 589–591.
-
2.
Cosson JF et al. 2015. Detection of Orientia sp. DNA in rodents from Asia, west Africa and Europe. Parasit Vectors 8: 172.
-
3.
Izzard L et al. 2010. Isolation of a novel Orientia species (O. chuto sp. nov.) from a patient infected in Dubai. J Clin Microbiol 48: 4404–4409.
-
4.
Maina AN, Farris CM, Odhiambo A, Jiang J, Laktabai J, Armstrong J, Holland T, Richards AL, O’Meara WP, 2016. Q fever, scrub typhus, and rickettsial diseases in children, Kenya, 2011–2012. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 883–886.
-
5.
Balcells ME et al. 2011. Endemic scrub typhus-like illness, Chile. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1659–1663.
-
6.
Taylor AJ, Paris DH, Newton PN, 2015. A systematic review of mortality from untreated scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003971.
-
7.
Tsay R, Chang F, 1998. Serious complications in scrub typhus. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 31: 240–244.
-
8.
Arnold FW et al. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) Investigators, 2007. A worldwide perspective of atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175: 1086–1093.
-
9.
Jacobs E, Ehrhardt I, Dumke R, 2015. New insights in the outbreak pattern of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Int J Med Microbiol 305: 705–708.
-
10.
von Baum H, Welte T, Marre R, Suttorp N, Lück C, Ewig S, 2009. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia revisited within the German competence network for community-acquired pneumonia (CAPNETZ). BMC Infect Dis 9: 62.
-
11.
Hammerschlag MR, 2000. Chlamydia pneumoniae and the lung. Eur Respir J 16: 1001–1007.
-
12.
Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF, Atkinson TP, 2017. Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev 30: 747–809.
-
13.
Lai CH, Chang LL, Lin JN, Chen WF, Kuo LL, Lin HH, Chen YH, 2013. High seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM in acute Q fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PLoS One 8: e77640.
-
14.
Vardi M, Petersil N, Keysary A, Rzotkiewicz S, Laor A, Bitterman H, 2011. Immunological arousal during acute Q fever infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 30: 1527–1530.
-
15.
Comer JA, Nicholson WL, Olson JG, Childs JE, 1999. Serologic testing for humangranulocytic ehrlichiosis at a national referral center. J Clin Microbiol 37: 558–564.
-
16.
Lukáčová M, Melničáková J, Kazar J, 1999. Cross-reactivity between Coxiella burnetii and chlamydiae. Folia Microbiol 44: 579–584.
-
17.
Wilson AP, Handler CE, Ridgway GL, Treharne J, Walker JM, Mangham DC, 1992. Coxiella burneti endocarditis in a patient with positive chlamydial serology. J Infect 25: 111–118.
-
18.
Cooper MD, Hollingdale MR, Vinson JW, Costa J, 1976. A passive hemagglutination test for diagnosis of trench fever due to Rochalimaea quintana. J Infect Dis 134: 605–609.
-
19.
La Scola B, Raoult D, 1996. Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae, and Coxiella burnetii. J Clin Microbiol 34: 2270–2274.
-
20.
Finidori JP, Raoult D, Bornstein N, Fleurette J, 1992. Study of cross-reaction between Coxiella burnetii and Legionella pneumophila using indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoblotting. Acta Virol 36: 459–465.
-
21.
Musso D, Raoult D, 1997. Serological cross-reactions between Coxiella burnetii and Legionella micdadei. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 4: 208–212.
-
22.
Paris DH, Dumler JS, 2016. State of the art of diagnosis of rickettsial diseases: the use of blood specimens for diagnosis of scrub typhus, spotted fever group rickettsiosis, and murine typhus. Curr Opin Infect Dis 29: 433–439.
-
23.
Bartlett JG, 2011. Diagnostic tests for agents of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 52: S296–S304.
-
24.
Chen D, Zhang Y, Shen T, Cheng G, Huang B, Ruan X, Wang C, 2018. Comparison of chemiluminescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and passive agglutination for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Ther Clin Risk Manag 14: 1091–1097.
-
25.
Tabla VO, Berruezo M, García PE, Fernández M, García JA, Masiá M, Gutiérrez F, 2018. Evaluation of the Virclia® automated chemiluminescent immunoassay system for diagnosing pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Lab Anal 32: e22431.
-
26.
Corsaro D, Valassina M, Venditti D, Venard V, Le Faou A, Valensin PE, 1999. Multiplex PCR for rapid and differential diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in respiratory infections. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 35: 105–108.
-
27.
Seo YB, Yang TU, Kim IS, Hong KW, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, 2012. Clinical and Epidemiologic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults during 2011 epidemic. Infect Chemother 44: 367–371.
-
28.
Lee E, Heo N, 2017. A case of Co-infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, acute hepatitis B, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a child with fever and systemic rash. J Clin Case Rep 7: 2.
-
29.
Lee WS, Ou TY, Chen FL, Hsu CW, Jean SS, 2015. Co-infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a traveler. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 48: 121–122.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 312 | 281 | 59 |
| Full Text Views | 644 | 17 | 0 |
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High Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae among Scrub Typhus Patients in South Korea
Joo-Hee Hwang
Joo-Hee Hwang
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;
Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;
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Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;
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Mir Jeon
Mir Jeon
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;
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Cheon-Hyeon Kim
Cheon-Hyeon Kim
Division of Microbiology, Jeollabukdo Institute of Health and Environment Research, Imsil, Republic of Korea
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Chang-Seop Lee
Chang-Seop Lee
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;
Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;
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Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;
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Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by the obligate intracellular organism Orientia tsutsugamushi, endemic to South Korea. The course of scrub typhus can range from a self-limiting disease to a fatal illness. Serological cross-reactivity has been reported with other intracellular organisms, including Rickettsia species, Chlamydophila species, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the current seroprevalence of M. pneumoniae IgM and Chlamydia pneumoniae IgM in scrub typhus patients in South Korea. We enrolled 150 patients with suspected rickettsial disease over the course of 2 years. Of these patients, 60 were confirmed to have scrub typhus and had paired acute and convalescent serum. Among the 60 scrub typhus patients, 40 (66.7%) had M. pneumoniae IgM and 19 (31.7%) had C. pneumoniae IgM in acute- or convalescent phase sera. The seroconversion rates of M. pneumoniae IgG and IgM were 16.7% and 33.3%, respectively. The seroconversion rates of C. pneumoniae IgG and IgM were 8.3% and 11.7%, respectively. Compared with previous study results, this may indicate a relatively high seroprevalence of M. pneumoniae IgM and C. pneumoniae IgM in scrub typhus patients, indicating possible misdiagnosis of M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae infections in non-endemic scrub typhus areas.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was supported with research funds from Chonbuk National University in 2018 and by Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, and by the Basic Science Research Programs (NRF-2015R1D1A1A01060251 and 2018R1D1A3B07049557) of the National Research Foundation of Korea, which are funded by the Ministry of Education.
Authors’ addresses: Joo-Hee Hwang, Mir Jeo, and Chang-Seop Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, E-mails: zany78@naver.com, preciousmir@gmail.com, and lcsmd@chonbuk.ac.kr. Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Division of Microbiology, Jeollabukdo Institute of Health and Environment Research, Imsil, Republic of Korea, E-mail: kchyeon@korea.kr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Tamura A, Ohashi N, Urakami H, Miyamura S, 1995. Classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a new genus, Orientia gen. nov., as Orientia tsutsugamushi comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45: 589–591.
-
2.
Cosson JF et al. 2015. Detection of Orientia sp. DNA in rodents from Asia, west Africa and Europe. Parasit Vectors 8: 172.
-
3.
Izzard L et al. 2010. Isolation of a novel Orientia species (O. chuto sp. nov.) from a patient infected in Dubai. J Clin Microbiol 48: 4404–4409.
-
4.
Maina AN, Farris CM, Odhiambo A, Jiang J, Laktabai J, Armstrong J, Holland T, Richards AL, O’Meara WP, 2016. Q fever, scrub typhus, and rickettsial diseases in children, Kenya, 2011–2012. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 883–886.
-
5.
Balcells ME et al. 2011. Endemic scrub typhus-like illness, Chile. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1659–1663.
-
6.
Taylor AJ, Paris DH, Newton PN, 2015. A systematic review of mortality from untreated scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003971.
-
7.
Tsay R, Chang F, 1998. Serious complications in scrub typhus. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 31: 240–244.
-
8.
Arnold FW et al. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) Investigators, 2007. A worldwide perspective of atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175: 1086–1093.
-
9.
Jacobs E, Ehrhardt I, Dumke R, 2015. New insights in the outbreak pattern of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Int J Med Microbiol 305: 705–708.
-
10.
von Baum H, Welte T, Marre R, Suttorp N, Lück C, Ewig S, 2009. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia revisited within the German competence network for community-acquired pneumonia (CAPNETZ). BMC Infect Dis 9: 62.
-
11.
Hammerschlag MR, 2000. Chlamydia pneumoniae and the lung. Eur Respir J 16: 1001–1007.
-
12.
Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF, Atkinson TP, 2017. Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev 30: 747–809.
-
13.
Lai CH, Chang LL, Lin JN, Chen WF, Kuo LL, Lin HH, Chen YH, 2013. High seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM in acute Q fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PLoS One 8: e77640.
-
14.
Vardi M, Petersil N, Keysary A, Rzotkiewicz S, Laor A, Bitterman H, 2011. Immunological arousal during acute Q fever infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 30: 1527–1530.
-
15.
Comer JA, Nicholson WL, Olson JG, Childs JE, 1999. Serologic testing for humangranulocytic ehrlichiosis at a national referral center. J Clin Microbiol 37: 558–564.
-
16.
Lukáčová M, Melničáková J, Kazar J, 1999. Cross-reactivity between Coxiella burnetii and chlamydiae. Folia Microbiol 44: 579–584.
-
17.
Wilson AP, Handler CE, Ridgway GL, Treharne J, Walker JM, Mangham DC, 1992. Coxiella burneti endocarditis in a patient with positive chlamydial serology. J Infect 25: 111–118.
-
18.
Cooper MD, Hollingdale MR, Vinson JW, Costa J, 1976. A passive hemagglutination test for diagnosis of trench fever due to Rochalimaea quintana. J Infect Dis 134: 605–609.
-
19.
La Scola B, Raoult D, 1996. Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae, and Coxiella burnetii. J Clin Microbiol 34: 2270–2274.
-
20.
Finidori JP, Raoult D, Bornstein N, Fleurette J, 1992. Study of cross-reaction between Coxiella burnetii and Legionella pneumophila using indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoblotting. Acta Virol 36: 459–465.
-
21.
Musso D, Raoult D, 1997. Serological cross-reactions between Coxiella burnetii and Legionella micdadei. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 4: 208–212.
-
22.
Paris DH, Dumler JS, 2016. State of the art of diagnosis of rickettsial diseases: the use of blood specimens for diagnosis of scrub typhus, spotted fever group rickettsiosis, and murine typhus. Curr Opin Infect Dis 29: 433–439.
-
23.
Bartlett JG, 2011. Diagnostic tests for agents of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 52: S296–S304.
-
24.
Chen D, Zhang Y, Shen T, Cheng G, Huang B, Ruan X, Wang C, 2018. Comparison of chemiluminescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and passive agglutination for diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Ther Clin Risk Manag 14: 1091–1097.
-
25.
Tabla VO, Berruezo M, García PE, Fernández M, García JA, Masiá M, Gutiérrez F, 2018. Evaluation of the Virclia® automated chemiluminescent immunoassay system for diagnosing pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Lab Anal 32: e22431.
-
26.
Corsaro D, Valassina M, Venditti D, Venard V, Le Faou A, Valensin PE, 1999. Multiplex PCR for rapid and differential diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in respiratory infections. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 35: 105–108.
-
27.
Seo YB, Yang TU, Kim IS, Hong KW, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, 2012. Clinical and Epidemiologic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults during 2011 epidemic. Infect Chemother 44: 367–371.
-
28.
Lee E, Heo N, 2017. A case of Co-infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, acute hepatitis B, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a child with fever and systemic rash. J Clin Case Rep 7: 2.
-
29.
Lee WS, Ou TY, Chen FL, Hsu CW, Jean SS, 2015. Co-infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a traveler. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 48: 121–122.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 312 | 281 | 59 |
| Full Text Views | 644 | 17 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 143 | 10 | 0 |