Hotez PJ, Damania A, Barua A, Stanaway J, 2017. The first “London Declaration”: the Commonwealth and its neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005321.
Herricks JR et al. 2017. The global burden of disease study 2013: what does it mean for the NTDs? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005424.
Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH, 2014. Human schistosomiasis. Lancet 383: 2253–2264.
King CH, Dangerfield-Cha M, 2008. The unacknowledged impact of chronic schistosomiasis. Chronic Ill 4: 65–79.
Hotez PJ, Fenwick A, 2009. Schistosomiasis in Africa: an emerging tragedy in our new global health decade. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e485.
Lodh N, Mwansa JC, Mutengo MM, Shiff CJ, 2013. Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni without the stool: comparison of three diagnostic tests to detect Schistosoma mansoni infection from filtered urine in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 46–50.
Xu J, Guan Z-X, Zhao B, Wang Y-Y, Cao Y, Zhang H-Q, Zhu X-Q, He Y-K, Xia C-M, 2015. DNA detection of Schistosoma japonicum: diagnostic validity of a LAMP assay for low-intensity infection and effects of chemotherapy in humans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003668.
Hotez PJ, Pecoul B, Rijal S, Boehme C, Aksoy S, Malecela M, Tapia-Conyer R, Reeder JC, 2016. Eliminating the neglected tropical diseases: translational science and new technologies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0003895.
Enk MJ, Oliveira e Silva G, Rodrigues NB, 2012. Diagnostic accuracy and applicability of a PCR system for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni DNA in human urine samples from an endemic area. PLoS One 7: e38947.
Hamburger J, He N, Abbasi I, Ramzy RM, Jourdane J, Ruppel A, 2001. Polymerase chain reaction assay based on a highly repeated sequence of Schistosoma haematobium: a potential tool for monitoring schistosome-infested water. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 907–911.
Pontes LA, Dias-Neto E, Rabello A, 2002. Detection by polymerase chain reaction of Schistosoma mansoni DNA in human serum and feces. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 157–162.
Sandoval N, Siles-Lucas M, Perez-Arellano JL, Carranza C, Puente S, Lopez-Aban J, Muro A, 2006. A new PCR-based approach for the specific amplification of DNA from different Schistosoma species applicable to human urine samples. Parasitology 133: 581–587.
Lodh N, Mikita K, Bosompem KM, Anyan WK, Quartey JK, Otchere J, Shiff CJ, 2017. Point of care diagnosis of multiple schistosome parasites: species-specific DNA detection in urine by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Acta Trop 173: 125–129.
Lodh N, Naples JM, Bosompem KM, Quartey J, Shiff CJ, 2014. Detection of parasite-specific DNA in urine sediment obtained by filtration differentiates between single and mixed infections of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium from endemic areas in Ghana. PLoS One 9: e91144.
Ibironke O, Koukounari A, Asaolu S, Moustaki I, Shiff C, 2012. Validation of a new test for Schistosoma haematobium based on detection of Dra1 DNA fragments in urine: evaluation through latent class analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1464.
Kouzaki Y et al. 2015. PURE-LAMP procedure for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a case series. Intern Med 54: 1447–1450.
Verweij JJ, Brienen EA, Ziem J, Yelifari L, Polderman AM, Van Lieshout L, 2007. Simultaneous detection and quantification of Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Oesophagostomum bifurcum in fecal samples using multiplex real-time PCR. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 685–690.
Abbasi I, King CH, Muchiri EM, Hamburger J, 2010. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification: identification of infected snails from early prepatency. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 427–432.
Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T, 2000. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 28: E63.
Gandasegui J, Fernández-Soto P, Muro A, Simões Barbosa C, Lopes de Melo F, Loyo R, de Souza Gomes EC, 2018. A field survey using LAMP assay for detection of Schistosoma mansoni in a low-transmission area of schistosomiasis in Umbuzeiro, Brazil: assessment in human and snail samples. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006314.
Kawano S, Maeda T, Suzuki T, Abe T, Mikita K, Hamakawa Y, Ono T, Sonehara W, Miyahira Y, Kawana A, 2015. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification with the procedure for ultra rapid extraction kit for the diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia. J Infect Chemother 21: 224–226.
Lamberton PHL, Kabatereine NB, Oguttu DW, Fenwick A, Webster JP, 2014. Sensitivity and specificity of multiple Kato-Katz thick smears and a circulating cathodic antigen test for Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis pre- and post-repeated-praziquantel treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3139.
Anne K, Sonja K, 2007. Bowker’s test for symmetry and modifications within the algebraic framework. Comput Stat Data Anal 51: 4124–4142.
Hamburger J, Abbasi I, Kariuki C, Wanjala A, Mzungu E, Mungai P, Muchiri E, King CH, 2013. Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification suitable for molecular monitoring of schistosome-infected snails in field laboratories. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 344–351.
Basuni M, Muhi J, Othman N, Verweij JJ, Ahmad M, Miswan N, Rahumatullah A, Aziz FA, Zainudin NS, Noordin R, 2011. A pentaplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of four species of soil-transmitted helminths. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 338–343.
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Schistosomiasis is a blood parasitic disease caused by trematode parasites of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosoma mansoni is one of the main contributors of the disease and 90% of the global burden of schistosomiasis is in Africa. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been implemented to reduce the disease burden in endemic areas. Because of MDA, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for classical diagnostic tests are reduced. In any disease situation, diagnosis is vital in determining asymptomatic, concurrent, current, new, and reinfection cases to evaluate the efficacy of any control program. We have evaluated the positive infection for S. mansoni from filtered urine samples collected from Zambian school children after MDA using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and compared its sensitivity and specificity with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred eleven urine samples collected from school children aged between 7 and 15 years from Siavonga district in southern Zambia were evaluated by PCR and LAMP for DNA extracted by two different protocols (filter-based versus crude extraction). The infection prevalence was 77% with PCR and almost 94% with mansoni-LAMP. Also, LAMP detected 16% (Qiagen extraction) and 10% (LAMP-Procedure for Ultra Rapid Extraction) more positive S. mansoni infection than PCR. We have demonstrated the efficacy of LAMP in a laboratory setup after MDA. The possible inclusion of LAMP as a field-based point-of-care test for surveillance can provide reliable prevalence of schistosomiasis after MDA and help in determining the efficacy of a control program.
Financial support: The Member Research Grant from the American Society of Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) Education and Research Fund supported this study. Also, partial support came from Early Career Research award from Thrasher Research Fund (13344).
Authors’ addresses: Miriam Price, Austin Cyrs, and Nilanjan Lodh, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, E-mails: miriam.price@marquette.edu, ajcyrs@gmail.com, and nilanjan.lodh@marquette.edu. Chummy S. Sikasunge, Department of Para-clinical Studies, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, E-mail: chumsika@yahoo.co.uk. James Mwansa, University Teaching Hospital, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, E-mail: mwansaj@gmail.com.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Hotez PJ, Damania A, Barua A, Stanaway J, 2017. The first “London Declaration”: the Commonwealth and its neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005321.
Herricks JR et al. 2017. The global burden of disease study 2013: what does it mean for the NTDs? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005424.
Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH, 2014. Human schistosomiasis. Lancet 383: 2253–2264.
King CH, Dangerfield-Cha M, 2008. The unacknowledged impact of chronic schistosomiasis. Chronic Ill 4: 65–79.
Hotez PJ, Fenwick A, 2009. Schistosomiasis in Africa: an emerging tragedy in our new global health decade. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e485.
Lodh N, Mwansa JC, Mutengo MM, Shiff CJ, 2013. Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni without the stool: comparison of three diagnostic tests to detect Schistosoma mansoni infection from filtered urine in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 46–50.
Xu J, Guan Z-X, Zhao B, Wang Y-Y, Cao Y, Zhang H-Q, Zhu X-Q, He Y-K, Xia C-M, 2015. DNA detection of Schistosoma japonicum: diagnostic validity of a LAMP assay for low-intensity infection and effects of chemotherapy in humans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003668.
Hotez PJ, Pecoul B, Rijal S, Boehme C, Aksoy S, Malecela M, Tapia-Conyer R, Reeder JC, 2016. Eliminating the neglected tropical diseases: translational science and new technologies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0003895.
Enk MJ, Oliveira e Silva G, Rodrigues NB, 2012. Diagnostic accuracy and applicability of a PCR system for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni DNA in human urine samples from an endemic area. PLoS One 7: e38947.
Hamburger J, He N, Abbasi I, Ramzy RM, Jourdane J, Ruppel A, 2001. Polymerase chain reaction assay based on a highly repeated sequence of Schistosoma haematobium: a potential tool for monitoring schistosome-infested water. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 907–911.
Pontes LA, Dias-Neto E, Rabello A, 2002. Detection by polymerase chain reaction of Schistosoma mansoni DNA in human serum and feces. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 157–162.
Sandoval N, Siles-Lucas M, Perez-Arellano JL, Carranza C, Puente S, Lopez-Aban J, Muro A, 2006. A new PCR-based approach for the specific amplification of DNA from different Schistosoma species applicable to human urine samples. Parasitology 133: 581–587.
Lodh N, Mikita K, Bosompem KM, Anyan WK, Quartey JK, Otchere J, Shiff CJ, 2017. Point of care diagnosis of multiple schistosome parasites: species-specific DNA detection in urine by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Acta Trop 173: 125–129.
Lodh N, Naples JM, Bosompem KM, Quartey J, Shiff CJ, 2014. Detection of parasite-specific DNA in urine sediment obtained by filtration differentiates between single and mixed infections of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium from endemic areas in Ghana. PLoS One 9: e91144.
Ibironke O, Koukounari A, Asaolu S, Moustaki I, Shiff C, 2012. Validation of a new test for Schistosoma haematobium based on detection of Dra1 DNA fragments in urine: evaluation through latent class analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1464.
Kouzaki Y et al. 2015. PURE-LAMP procedure for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a case series. Intern Med 54: 1447–1450.
Verweij JJ, Brienen EA, Ziem J, Yelifari L, Polderman AM, Van Lieshout L, 2007. Simultaneous detection and quantification of Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Oesophagostomum bifurcum in fecal samples using multiplex real-time PCR. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 685–690.
Abbasi I, King CH, Muchiri EM, Hamburger J, 2010. Detection of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification: identification of infected snails from early prepatency. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 427–432.
Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T, 2000. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 28: E63.
Gandasegui J, Fernández-Soto P, Muro A, Simões Barbosa C, Lopes de Melo F, Loyo R, de Souza Gomes EC, 2018. A field survey using LAMP assay for detection of Schistosoma mansoni in a low-transmission area of schistosomiasis in Umbuzeiro, Brazil: assessment in human and snail samples. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006314.
Kawano S, Maeda T, Suzuki T, Abe T, Mikita K, Hamakawa Y, Ono T, Sonehara W, Miyahira Y, Kawana A, 2015. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification with the procedure for ultra rapid extraction kit for the diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia. J Infect Chemother 21: 224–226.
Lamberton PHL, Kabatereine NB, Oguttu DW, Fenwick A, Webster JP, 2014. Sensitivity and specificity of multiple Kato-Katz thick smears and a circulating cathodic antigen test for Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis pre- and post-repeated-praziquantel treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3139.
Anne K, Sonja K, 2007. Bowker’s test for symmetry and modifications within the algebraic framework. Comput Stat Data Anal 51: 4124–4142.
Hamburger J, Abbasi I, Kariuki C, Wanjala A, Mzungu E, Mungai P, Muchiri E, King CH, 2013. Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification suitable for molecular monitoring of schistosome-infected snails in field laboratories. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 344–351.
Basuni M, Muhi J, Othman N, Verweij JJ, Ahmad M, Miswan N, Rahumatullah A, Aziz FA, Zainudin NS, Noordin R, 2011. A pentaplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of four species of soil-transmitted helminths. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 338–343.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 523 | 320 | 178 |
Full Text Views | 912 | 13 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 233 | 13 | 0 |