Author:
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1.
World Health Organization, 2018. Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals-Measles. WHO. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/measles/en/Downloaded. Accessed August 17, 2018.
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2.
Gurnani V, Haldar P, Aggarwal MK, Das MK, Chauhan A, Murray J, Arora NK, Jhalani M, Sudan P, 2018. Improving vaccination coverage in India: lessons from Intensified Mission Indradhanush, a cross-sectoral systems strengthening strategy. BMJ 363: k4782.
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3.
National Operational Guidelines, 2017. Measles-Rubella Vaccine Operational Guidelines, 2nd edition. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Available at: https://mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Measles%20rubella%20vaccine%20operational%20guidelines.pdf. Accessed February 14, 2019.
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4.
Fisher DL, Defres S, Solomon T, 2015. Measles-induced encephalitis. QJM 108: 177–182.
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5.
Buchanan R, Bonthius DJ, 2012. Measles virus and associated central nervous system sequelae. Semin Pediatr Neurol 19: 107–114.
-
6.
Baldolli A, Dargère S, Cardineau E, Vabret A, Dina J, de La Blanchardière A, Verdon R, 2016. Measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) in a immunocompromised patient. J ClinVirol 81: 43–46.
-
7.
Griffin DE, 2014. Measles virus and the nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol 123: 577–590.
-
8.
Bien CG, Elger CE, 2008. Epilepsia partialis continua: semiology and differential diagnoses. Epileptic Disord 10: 3–7.
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9.
Pandian JD, Thomas SV, Santoshkumar B, Radhakrishnan K, Sarma PS, Joseph S, Kesavadas C, 2002. Epilepsia partialis continua—a clinical and electroencephalography study. Seizure 11: 437–441.
-
10.
Mameniškienė R, Wolf P, 2017. Epilepsia partialis continua: a review. Seizure 44: 74–80.
-
11.
Takahashi Y et al. 2003. Kondo N Autoantibodies to NMDA receptor in patients with chronic forms of epilepsia partialis continua. Neurology 61: 891–896.
-
12.
Malhotra HS, Garg RK, Naphade P, 2012. Cluster of partial motor seizures heralding the onset of hemimyoclonic subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Mov Disord 27: 958–959.
-
13.
Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Rizvi I, Kumar N, Jain A, 2017. An unusual case of acute encephalitic syndrome: is it acute measles encephalitis or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis? Neurol India 65: 1333–1344.
-
14.
Komur M, Arslankoylu AE, Okuyaz C, Kuyucu N, 2012. Atypical clinical course subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting as acute encephalitis. J Pediatr Neurosci 7: 120.
-
15.
Graus F et al. 2016. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 15: 391–404.
-
16.
Granata T, Matricardi S, Ragona F, Freri E, Zibordi F, Andreetta F, Binelli S, Nardocci N, 2018. Pediatric NMDAR encephalitis: a single center observation study with a closer look at movement disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 22: 301–307.
-
17.
Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J, 2015. Measles in India: challenges and recent developments. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 5: 27784.
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Case Report: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Presenting as Acute Encephalitis
Ravindra Kumar Garg
Ravindra Kumar Garg
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Neeraj Kumar
Neeraj Kumar
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Imran Rizvi
Imran Rizvi
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Amita Jain
Amita Jain
Department of Microbiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Ravi Shekhar Jaipuriar
Ravi Shekhar Jaipuriar
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Praveen Kumar Sharma
Praveen Kumar Sharma
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Hardeep Singh Malhotra
Hardeep Singh Malhotra
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Danish Nasar Khan
Danish Nasar Khan
Department of Microbiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Ravi Uniyal
Ravi Uniyal
Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India;
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is still a common disease in India which is characterized by a progressive mental decline, myoclonus, periodic encephalographic abnormalities, and raised anti-measles antibody titter in the cerebrospinal fluid. Acute fulminant SSPE is characterized by a rapid course of disease culminating in death, within 6 months. We report of a 10-year-old boy, who came with a 14-day history of continuous involuntary jerky movements of the left half of the body, including the head. There was a highly increased anti-measles IgG antibody titer, both in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum. We conclude that acute rapidly progressive SSPE can present as acute encephalitis syndrome.
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Author Notes
Disclosure: The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and specific efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Authors’ addresses: Ravindra Kumar Garg and Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, E-mails: garg50@yahoo.com and drhsmalhotra@gmail.com. Neeraj Kumar, Imran Rizvi, Ravi Shekhar Jaipuriar, Praveen Kumar Sharma, and Ravi Uniyal, Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, E-mails: drneeraj2903@gmail.com, imranrizvi09@gmail.com, jaipuriarshekhar@gmail.com, pspgimer@gmail.com, and ravi.sun.uniyal@gmail.com. Amita Jain and Danish Nasar Khan, Department of Microbiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, E-mails: amita602002@yahoo.com and microbiology@kgmcindia.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2018. Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals-Measles. WHO. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/measles/en/Downloaded. Accessed August 17, 2018.
-
2.
Gurnani V, Haldar P, Aggarwal MK, Das MK, Chauhan A, Murray J, Arora NK, Jhalani M, Sudan P, 2018. Improving vaccination coverage in India: lessons from Intensified Mission Indradhanush, a cross-sectoral systems strengthening strategy. BMJ 363: k4782.
-
3.
National Operational Guidelines, 2017. Measles-Rubella Vaccine Operational Guidelines, 2nd edition. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Available at: https://mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Measles%20rubella%20vaccine%20operational%20guidelines.pdf. Accessed February 14, 2019.
-
4.
Fisher DL, Defres S, Solomon T, 2015. Measles-induced encephalitis. QJM 108: 177–182.
-
5.
Buchanan R, Bonthius DJ, 2012. Measles virus and associated central nervous system sequelae. Semin Pediatr Neurol 19: 107–114.
-
6.
Baldolli A, Dargère S, Cardineau E, Vabret A, Dina J, de La Blanchardière A, Verdon R, 2016. Measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) in a immunocompromised patient. J ClinVirol 81: 43–46.
-
7.
Griffin DE, 2014. Measles virus and the nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol 123: 577–590.
-
8.
Bien CG, Elger CE, 2008. Epilepsia partialis continua: semiology and differential diagnoses. Epileptic Disord 10: 3–7.
-
9.
Pandian JD, Thomas SV, Santoshkumar B, Radhakrishnan K, Sarma PS, Joseph S, Kesavadas C, 2002. Epilepsia partialis continua—a clinical and electroencephalography study. Seizure 11: 437–441.
-
10.
Mameniškienė R, Wolf P, 2017. Epilepsia partialis continua: a review. Seizure 44: 74–80.
-
11.
Takahashi Y et al. 2003. Kondo N Autoantibodies to NMDA receptor in patients with chronic forms of epilepsia partialis continua. Neurology 61: 891–896.
-
12.
Malhotra HS, Garg RK, Naphade P, 2012. Cluster of partial motor seizures heralding the onset of hemimyoclonic subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Mov Disord 27: 958–959.
-
13.
Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Rizvi I, Kumar N, Jain A, 2017. An unusual case of acute encephalitic syndrome: is it acute measles encephalitis or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis? Neurol India 65: 1333–1344.
-
14.
Komur M, Arslankoylu AE, Okuyaz C, Kuyucu N, 2012. Atypical clinical course subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting as acute encephalitis. J Pediatr Neurosci 7: 120.
-
15.
Graus F et al. 2016. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 15: 391–404.
-
16.
Granata T, Matricardi S, Ragona F, Freri E, Zibordi F, Andreetta F, Binelli S, Nardocci N, 2018. Pediatric NMDAR encephalitis: a single center observation study with a closer look at movement disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 22: 301–307.
-
17.
Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J, 2015. Measles in India: challenges and recent developments. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 5: 27784.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 172 | 172 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 1839 | 217 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 601 | 77 | 0 |