Bridging Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine from Children/Adolescents to Adults in Highly Endemic Countries Based on Neutralizing Antibody Response

Peter B. Gilbert Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;

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Ying Huang Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;

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Michal Juraska Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;

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Zoe Moodie Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;

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Youyi Fong Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;

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Alexander Luedtke Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;

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Yingying Zhuang Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;

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Jason Shao Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;

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Lindsay N. Carpp Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington;

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Nicholas Jackson Research and Non Clinical Safety, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy-L’Etoile, France;

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Laurent Chambonneau Clinical Programs, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy-L’Etoile, France;

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Alain Bouckenooghe Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore;

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Betzana Zambrano Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay;

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Carina Frago Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore;

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Sophie Pallardy Clinical Programs, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy-L’Etoile, France;

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Fernando Noriega Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania

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The CYD-TDV vaccine is licensed in multiple endemic countries based on vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue demonstrated in two phase 3 trials (CYD14, 2- to 14-year-olds, Asia; CYD15, 9- to 16-year-olds, Latin America). 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) titers at baseline and month 13 (post-vaccination) were associated with VE and may enable bridging VE to adults. Two phase 2 trials of CYD-TDV measured baseline and month 13 PRNT50 titers: CYD22 (9- to 45-year-olds, Vietnam) and CYD47 (18- to 45-year-olds, India). 50% plaque reduction neutralization test distributions were compared between age cohorts, and four versions of an epidemiological bridging method were used to estimate VE against any serotype (dengue virus [DENV]-Any) and against each serotype over 25 months post first vaccination in a hypothetical CYD14 + CYD15 18- to 45-year-old cohort (bridging population 1) and in the actual CYD47 18- to 45-year-old cohort (bridging population 2). Baseline and month 13 geometric mean PRNT50 titers to each serotype were significantly greater in 18- to 45-year-olds than 9- to 16-year-olds for all comparisons. The four methods estimated VE against DENV-Any at 75.3–86.0% (95% CIs spanning 52.5–100%) for bridging population 1 and 68.4–77.5% (95% CIs spanning 42.3–88.5%) for bridging population 2. The vaccine efficacy against serotype 1, 2, 3, and 4 was estimated at 56.9–76.9%, 68.3–85.8%, 91.4–95.0%, and 93.2–100% (bridging population 1) and 44.5–66.9%, 53.2–69.2%, 79.8–92.0%, and 90.6–95.0% (bridging population 2), respectively; thus, CYD-TDV would likely confer improved efficacy in adults than 9- to 16-year-olds. Using the same methods, we predicted VE against hospitalized DENV-Any over 72 months of follow-up, with estimates 59.1–73.5% (95% CIs spanning 40.9–92.2%) for bridging population 1 and 50.9–65.9% (95% CIs spanning 38.1–82.1%) for bridging population 2.

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Author Notes

Address correspondence to Peter B. Gilbert, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, Seattle, WA 98109. E-mail: pgilbert@fredhutch.org

Disclosures: N. J., L. C., A. B., B. Z., C. F., S. P., and F. N. are employees of Sanofi Pasteur. B. Z., F. N., L. C., A. B., and C. F. own stocks in Sanofi Pasteur, and N. J. has long-term incentives for Sanofi Pasteur. P. B. G., Y. H., M. J., Z. M., Y. F., A. L., Y. Z., J. S., and L. N. C. received a contract from Sanofi Pasteur to conduct the statistical analysis work. P. B. G., M. J., and Y. F. received support for travel to meetings from Sanofi Pasteur, and P. B. G. served as an unpaid consultant to Sanofi Pasteur at Advisory meetings in June and November of 2017.

Financial support: This work was supported by Sanofi Pasteur (www.sanofipasteur.us) through a contract to P. B. G. and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, under award number R37AI054165 to P. B. G.

Authors’ addresses: Peter B. Gilbert, Ying Huang, and Youyi Fong, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, E-mails: pgilbert@fredhutch.org, yhuang@fhcrc.org, and yfong@fredhutch.org. Michal Juraska, Zoe Moodie, Alexander Luedtke, Jason Shao, and Lindsay N. Carpp, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, E-mails: mjuraska@fhcrc.org, zoe@fredhutch.org, aluedtke@fredhutch.org, jshao@fredhutch.org, and lcarpp@fredhutch.org. Yingying Zhuang, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, E-mail: yyzhuang@uw.edu. Nicholas Jackson, Laurent Chambonneau, Sophie Pallardy, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy-L’Etoile, France, E-mails: nicholas.jackson@sanofi.com, laurent.chambonneau@sanofi.com, and sophie.pallardy@sanofi.com. Alain Bouckenooghe and Carina Frago, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, E-mails: alain.bouckenooghe@sanofi.com and carina.frago@sanofi.com. Betzana Zambrano, Sanofi Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay, E-mail: betzana.zambrano@sanofi.com. Fernando Noriega, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, E-mail: fernando.noriega@sanofi.com.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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