ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2016. Estimated Rotavirus Deaths for Children under 5 Years of Age: 2013, 215 000. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/estimates/rotavirus/en/. Accessed January 26, 2018.
-
2.
Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Parashar UD; World Health Organization-Coordinated Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network, 2016. Global, regional, and national estimates of rotavirus mortality in children <5 years of age, 2000–2013. Clin Infect Dis 62 (Suppl 2): S96–S105.
-
3.
Matthijnssens J et al. 2008. Recommendations for the classification of group A rotaviruses using all 11 genomic RNA segments. Arch Virol 153: 1621–1629.
-
4.
KU LEUVEN, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, 2018. Rotavirus Classification Working Group. Available at: http://www.rega.kuleuven.be/cev/viralmetagenomics/virus-classification/rcwg. Accessed July 23, 2018.
-
5.
Santos N, Hoshino Y, 2005. Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine. Rev Med Virol 15: 29–56.
-
6.
Iturriza-Gomara M, 2014. EuroRotaNet: Annual Report 2014. Available at: http://www.thl.fi/documents/533963/1527557/EuroRotaNetAnnualReport6th_2014.pdf/7e4386c0-0e09-4e18-8576-95031eaf2680. Accessed September 5, 2018.
-
7.
Patton JT, 2012. Rotavirus diversity and evolution in the post-vaccine world. Discov Med 13: 85–97.
-
8.
Armah GE, Steele AD, Esona MD, Akran VA, Nimzing L, Pennap G, 2010. Diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in West Africa from 1996 to 2000. J Infect Dis 202: S64–S71.
-
9.
World Health Organization, 2015. Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance: Global Rotavirus Surveillance and Information Bulletin. Data period: January–December 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/resources/WHO_Global_RV_Surv_Bulletin_Jan_2015_Final.pdf?ua=1. Accessed November 21, 2018.
-
10.
Dennehy PH, 2012. Rotavirus infection: an update on management and prevention. Adv Pediatr 59: 47–74.
-
11.
Maneekarn N, Ushijima H, 2000. Epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Thailand. Pediatr Int 42: 415–421.
-
12.
Jiraphongsa C, Bresee JS, Pongsuwanna Y, Kluabwang P, Poonawagul U, Arporntip P, Kanoksil M, Premsri N, Intusoma U; Rotavirus Surveillance Project Thailand Study Group, 2005. Epidemiology and burden of rotavirus diarrhea in Thailand: results of sentinel surveillance. J Infect Dis 192 (Suppl 1): S87–S93.
-
13.
Khamrin P et al. 2006. Emergence of human G9 rotavirus with an exceptionally high frequency in children admitted to hospital with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand. J Med Virol 78: 273–280.
-
14.
Khamrin P, Peerakome S, Tonusin S, Malasao R, Okitsu S, Mizuguchi M, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N, 2007. Changing pattern of rotavirus G genotype distribution in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2002 to 2004: decline of G9 and reemergence of G1 and G2. J Med Virol 79: 1775–1782.
-
15.
Khananurak K, Vutithanachot V, Simakachorn N, Theamboonlers A, Chongsrisawat V, Poovorawan Y, 2010. Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of rotavirus genotypes in Thailand between 2007 and 2009. Infect Genet Evol 10: 537–545.
-
16.
Theamboonlers A, Bhattarakosol P, Chongsrisawat V, Sungkapalee T, Wutthirattanakowit N, Poovorawan Y, 2008. Molecular characterization of group A human rotaviruses in Bangkok and Buriram, Thailand during 2004–2006 reveals the predominance of G1P[8], G9P[8] and a rare G3P[19] strain. Virus Genes 36: 289–298.
-
17.
Maiklang O, Vutithanachot V, Vutithanachot C, Hacharoen P, Chieochansin T, Poovorawan Y, 2012. Prevalence of group A genotype human rotavirus among children with dirarrhea in Thailand, 2009–2011. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 43: 904–916.
-
18.
Khamrin P, Maneekarn N, Malasao R, Nguyen TA, Ishida S, Okitsu S, Ushijima H, 2010. Genotypic linkages of VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP4, NSP5 genes of rotaviruses circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand. Infect Genet Evol 10: 467–472.
-
19.
Maneekarn N, Khamrin P, 2014. Rotavirus associated gastroenteritis in Thailand. Virus Dis 25: 201–207.
-
20.
Silapong S, Sakpaisal P, Bodhidatta L, Lertsethtakarn P, Sethabutr O, Vansith K, Meng CY, Swierczewski BE, Mason CJ, 2017. Genotypic distribution of rotavirus in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: an association of G9 with more severe diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 947–952.
-
21.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
22.
Chan-It W et al. 2011. Detection and genetic characterization of norovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan, 2007–2009. Clin Lab 57: 213–220.
-
23.
Chaimongkol N, Khamrin P, Malasao R, Thongprachum A, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N, 2012. Genotypic linkages of gene segments of rotaviruses circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand. Infect Genet Evol 12: 1381–1391.
-
24.
Arista S, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S, Ramirez S, Lo Biundo C, Colomba C, Cascio A, Martella V, 2006. Heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of evolution of G1 human rotaviruses in a settled population. J Virol 80: 10724–10733.
-
25.
Abdel-Haq N, Amjad M, McGrath E, Chearskul P, Amer A, Salimnia H, Asmar BI, 2011. Emergence of human rotavirus genotype G9 in metropolitan Detroit between 2007 and 2009. J Med Microbiol 60: 761–767.
-
26.
Oh HK, Hong SH, Ahn BY, Min HK, 2012. Phylogenetic analysis of the rotavirus genotypes originated from children < 5 years of age in 16 cities in South Korea, between 2000 and 2004. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 3: 36–42.
-
27.
Dong HJ, Qian Y, Huang T, Zhu RN, Zhao LQ, Zhang Y, Li RC, Li YP, 2013. Identification of circulating porcine-human reassortant G4P[6] rotavirus from children with acute diarrhea in China by whole genome analyses. Infect Genet Evol 20: 155–162.
-
28.
Mullick S, Mukherjee A, Ghosh S, Pazhani GP, Sur D, Manna B, Nataro JP, Levine MM, Ramamurthy T, Chawla-Sarkar M, 2014. Community based case-control study of rotavirus gastroenteritis among young children during 2008--2010 reveals vast genetic diversity and increased prevalence of G9 strains in Kolkata. Plos One 9: e112970.
-
29.
Barnes GL, Callaghan SL, Kirkwood CD, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Johnston LJ, Bishop RF, 2003. Excretion of serotype G1 rotavirus strains by asymptomatic staff: a possible source of nosocomial infection. J Pediatr 142: 722–725.
-
30.
Phillips G, Lopman B, Rodrigues LC, Tam CC, 2010. Asymptomatic rotavirus infections in England: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 171: 1023–1030.
-
31.
Maneekarn N, Khamrin P, Chan-it W, Peerakome S, Sukchai S, Pringprao K, Ushijima H, 2006. Detection of rare G3P[19] porcine rotavirus strains in Chiang Mai, Thailand, provides evidence for origin of the VP4 genes of Mc323 and Mc345 human rotaviruses. J Clin Microbiol 44: 4113–4119.
-
32.
Chan-It W, Khamrin P, Saekhow P, Pantip C, Thongprachum A, Peerakorne S, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N, 2008. Multiple combinations of P[13]-like genotype with G3, G4, and G5 in porcine rotaviruses. J Clin Microbiol 46: 1169–1173.
-
33.
Kittigul L, Swangsri T, Pombubpa K, Howteerakul N, Diraphat P, Hirunpetcharat C, 2014. Rotavirus infection in children and adults with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 45: 816–824.
-
34.
Yodmeeklin A, Khamrin P, Kumthip K, Malasao R, Ukarapol N, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N, 2018. Increasing predominance of G8P[8] species A rotaviruses in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2010–2013. Arch Virol 163: 2165–2178.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 560 | 503 | 33 |
| Full Text Views | 944 | 31 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 282 | 23 | 0 |
Prevalence and Genotypic Distribution of Rotavirus in Thailand: A Multicenter Study
Pimmada Sakpaisal
Pimmada Sakpaisal
Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Sasikorn Silapong
Sasikorn Silapong
Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Amara Yowang
Amara Yowang
Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gaysorn Boonyasakyothin
Gaysorn Boonyasakyothin
Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
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Boonyaorn Yuttayong
Boonyaorn Yuttayong
Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
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Umaporn Suksawad
Umaporn Suksawad
Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Siriporn Sornsakrin
Siriporn Sornsakrin
Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Paphavee Lertsethtakarn
Paphavee Lertsethtakarn
Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Ladaporn Bodhidatta
Ladaporn Bodhidatta
Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;
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John M. Crawford
John M. Crawford
Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Carl J. Mason
Carl J. Mason
Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Rotavirus has been one of the major etiological agents causing severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. In Thailand, rotavirus contributes to one-third of reported pediatric diarrheal cases. We studied stool samples from 1,709 children with acute gastroenteritis and 1,761 children with no reported gastroenteritis whose age ranged from 3 months to 5 years from four different regions in Thailand between March 2008 and August 2010. The samples were tested for the presence of rotavirus by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of vp6 gene and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive samples were further characterized for their G and P genotypes (vp7 and vp4 genes) by conventional RT-PCR. From all four regions, 26.8% of cases and 1.6% of controls were positive for rotavirus, and G1P[8] was the most predominant genotype, followed by G2P[4], G3P[8], and G9P[8]. In addition, the uncommon genotypes including G1P[4], G1P[6], G2P[6], G2P[8], G4P[6], G9P[4], G9P[6], G12P[6], and G12P[8] were also detected at approximately 14% of all samples tested. Interestingly, G5P[19], a recombinant genotype between human and animal strains, and G1P7[5], a reassortant vaccine strain which is closely related to four human-bovine reassortant strains of RotaTeq™ vaccine, were detected in control samples. Data reported in this study will provide additional information on molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Thailand before the impending national implementation of rotavirus vaccination program.
Author Notes
Financial support: This project was supported by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infectious Surveillance (AFHSC-GEIS) and the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (MIDRP).
Disclosure: The view expressed in this manuscript are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Trade names are used for identification purposes only and do not imply endorsement.
Authors’ addresses: Pimmada Sakpaisal, Sasikorn Silapong, Umaporn Suksawad, Siriporn Sornsakrin, Paphavee Lertsethtakarn, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, and John M. Crawford, Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: pimmadaj@afrims.org, sasikorns@afrims.org, umaporns@afrims.org, siriporns@afrims.org, paphaveel@afrims.org, ladapornb@afrims.org, and john.crawford.mil@afrims.org. Amara Yowang, Gaysorn Boonyasakyothin, and Boonyaorn Yuttayong, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: amarayowang@gmail.com, gaysornb@gmail.com, and bonyaorn.y@dmsc.mail.go.th. Carl J. Mason, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, E-mail: carlmason@icloud.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2016. Estimated Rotavirus Deaths for Children under 5 Years of Age: 2013, 215 000. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/estimates/rotavirus/en/. Accessed January 26, 2018.
-
2.
Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Parashar UD; World Health Organization-Coordinated Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network, 2016. Global, regional, and national estimates of rotavirus mortality in children <5 years of age, 2000–2013. Clin Infect Dis 62 (Suppl 2): S96–S105.
-
3.
Matthijnssens J et al. 2008. Recommendations for the classification of group A rotaviruses using all 11 genomic RNA segments. Arch Virol 153: 1621–1629.
-
4.
KU LEUVEN, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, 2018. Rotavirus Classification Working Group. Available at: http://www.rega.kuleuven.be/cev/viralmetagenomics/virus-classification/rcwg. Accessed July 23, 2018.
-
5.
Santos N, Hoshino Y, 2005. Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine. Rev Med Virol 15: 29–56.
-
6.
Iturriza-Gomara M, 2014. EuroRotaNet: Annual Report 2014. Available at: http://www.thl.fi/documents/533963/1527557/EuroRotaNetAnnualReport6th_2014.pdf/7e4386c0-0e09-4e18-8576-95031eaf2680. Accessed September 5, 2018.
-
7.
Patton JT, 2012. Rotavirus diversity and evolution in the post-vaccine world. Discov Med 13: 85–97.
-
8.
Armah GE, Steele AD, Esona MD, Akran VA, Nimzing L, Pennap G, 2010. Diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in West Africa from 1996 to 2000. J Infect Dis 202: S64–S71.
-
9.
World Health Organization, 2015. Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance: Global Rotavirus Surveillance and Information Bulletin. Data period: January–December 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/resources/WHO_Global_RV_Surv_Bulletin_Jan_2015_Final.pdf?ua=1. Accessed November 21, 2018.
-
10.
Dennehy PH, 2012. Rotavirus infection: an update on management and prevention. Adv Pediatr 59: 47–74.
-
11.
Maneekarn N, Ushijima H, 2000. Epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Thailand. Pediatr Int 42: 415–421.
-
12.
Jiraphongsa C, Bresee JS, Pongsuwanna Y, Kluabwang P, Poonawagul U, Arporntip P, Kanoksil M, Premsri N, Intusoma U; Rotavirus Surveillance Project Thailand Study Group, 2005. Epidemiology and burden of rotavirus diarrhea in Thailand: results of sentinel surveillance. J Infect Dis 192 (Suppl 1): S87–S93.
-
13.
Khamrin P et al. 2006. Emergence of human G9 rotavirus with an exceptionally high frequency in children admitted to hospital with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand. J Med Virol 78: 273–280.
-
14.
Khamrin P, Peerakome S, Tonusin S, Malasao R, Okitsu S, Mizuguchi M, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N, 2007. Changing pattern of rotavirus G genotype distribution in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2002 to 2004: decline of G9 and reemergence of G1 and G2. J Med Virol 79: 1775–1782.
-
15.
Khananurak K, Vutithanachot V, Simakachorn N, Theamboonlers A, Chongsrisawat V, Poovorawan Y, 2010. Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of rotavirus genotypes in Thailand between 2007 and 2009. Infect Genet Evol 10: 537–545.
-
16.
Theamboonlers A, Bhattarakosol P, Chongsrisawat V, Sungkapalee T, Wutthirattanakowit N, Poovorawan Y, 2008. Molecular characterization of group A human rotaviruses in Bangkok and Buriram, Thailand during 2004–2006 reveals the predominance of G1P[8], G9P[8] and a rare G3P[19] strain. Virus Genes 36: 289–298.
-
17.
Maiklang O, Vutithanachot V, Vutithanachot C, Hacharoen P, Chieochansin T, Poovorawan Y, 2012. Prevalence of group A genotype human rotavirus among children with dirarrhea in Thailand, 2009–2011. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 43: 904–916.
-
18.
Khamrin P, Maneekarn N, Malasao R, Nguyen TA, Ishida S, Okitsu S, Ushijima H, 2010. Genotypic linkages of VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP4, NSP5 genes of rotaviruses circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand. Infect Genet Evol 10: 467–472.
-
19.
Maneekarn N, Khamrin P, 2014. Rotavirus associated gastroenteritis in Thailand. Virus Dis 25: 201–207.
-
20.
Silapong S, Sakpaisal P, Bodhidatta L, Lertsethtakarn P, Sethabutr O, Vansith K, Meng CY, Swierczewski BE, Mason CJ, 2017. Genotypic distribution of rotavirus in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: an association of G9 with more severe diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 947–952.
-
21.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
22.
Chan-It W et al. 2011. Detection and genetic characterization of norovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan, 2007–2009. Clin Lab 57: 213–220.
-
23.
Chaimongkol N, Khamrin P, Malasao R, Thongprachum A, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N, 2012. Genotypic linkages of gene segments of rotaviruses circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand. Infect Genet Evol 12: 1381–1391.
-
24.
Arista S, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S, Ramirez S, Lo Biundo C, Colomba C, Cascio A, Martella V, 2006. Heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of evolution of G1 human rotaviruses in a settled population. J Virol 80: 10724–10733.
-
25.
Abdel-Haq N, Amjad M, McGrath E, Chearskul P, Amer A, Salimnia H, Asmar BI, 2011. Emergence of human rotavirus genotype G9 in metropolitan Detroit between 2007 and 2009. J Med Microbiol 60: 761–767.
-
26.
Oh HK, Hong SH, Ahn BY, Min HK, 2012. Phylogenetic analysis of the rotavirus genotypes originated from children < 5 years of age in 16 cities in South Korea, between 2000 and 2004. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 3: 36–42.
-
27.
Dong HJ, Qian Y, Huang T, Zhu RN, Zhao LQ, Zhang Y, Li RC, Li YP, 2013. Identification of circulating porcine-human reassortant G4P[6] rotavirus from children with acute diarrhea in China by whole genome analyses. Infect Genet Evol 20: 155–162.
-
28.
Mullick S, Mukherjee A, Ghosh S, Pazhani GP, Sur D, Manna B, Nataro JP, Levine MM, Ramamurthy T, Chawla-Sarkar M, 2014. Community based case-control study of rotavirus gastroenteritis among young children during 2008--2010 reveals vast genetic diversity and increased prevalence of G9 strains in Kolkata. Plos One 9: e112970.
-
29.
Barnes GL, Callaghan SL, Kirkwood CD, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Johnston LJ, Bishop RF, 2003. Excretion of serotype G1 rotavirus strains by asymptomatic staff: a possible source of nosocomial infection. J Pediatr 142: 722–725.
-
30.
Phillips G, Lopman B, Rodrigues LC, Tam CC, 2010. Asymptomatic rotavirus infections in England: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 171: 1023–1030.
-
31.
Maneekarn N, Khamrin P, Chan-it W, Peerakome S, Sukchai S, Pringprao K, Ushijima H, 2006. Detection of rare G3P[19] porcine rotavirus strains in Chiang Mai, Thailand, provides evidence for origin of the VP4 genes of Mc323 and Mc345 human rotaviruses. J Clin Microbiol 44: 4113–4119.
-
32.
Chan-It W, Khamrin P, Saekhow P, Pantip C, Thongprachum A, Peerakorne S, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N, 2008. Multiple combinations of P[13]-like genotype with G3, G4, and G5 in porcine rotaviruses. J Clin Microbiol 46: 1169–1173.
-
33.
Kittigul L, Swangsri T, Pombubpa K, Howteerakul N, Diraphat P, Hirunpetcharat C, 2014. Rotavirus infection in children and adults with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 45: 816–824.
-
34.
Yodmeeklin A, Khamrin P, Kumthip K, Malasao R, Ukarapol N, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N, 2018. Increasing predominance of G8P[8] species A rotaviruses in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2010–2013. Arch Virol 163: 2165–2178.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 560 | 503 | 33 |
| Full Text Views | 944 | 31 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 282 | 23 | 0 |