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1.
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 296–326.
-
2.
Ko AI, Galvao Reis M, Ribeiro Dourado CM, Johnson WD Jr., Riley LW, 1999. Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil: Salvador leptospirosis study group. Lancet 354: 820–825.
-
3.
Reis RB et al. 2008. Impact of environment and social gradient on Leptospira infection in urban slums. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e228.
-
4.
Pagès F, Kuli B, Moiton MP, Goarant C, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, 2015. Leptospirosis after a stay in Madagascar. J Trav Med 22: 136–139.
-
5.
Ratsitorahina M, Rahelinirina S, Michault A, Rajerison M, Rajatonirina S, Richard V, 2015. Has Madagascar lost its exceptional leptospirosis free-like status? PLoS One 10: e0122683.
-
6.
Rahelinirina S et al. 2010. First isolation and direct evidence for the existence of large small-mammal reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar. PLoS One 5: e14111.
-
7.
Dietrich M, Wilkinson DA, Soarimalala V, Goodman SM, Dellagi K, Tortosa P, 2014. Diversification of an emerging pathogen in a biodiversity hotspot: Leptospira in endemic small mammals of Madagascar. Mol Ecol 23: 2783–2796.
-
8.
Lagadec E, Gomard Y, Guernier V, Dietrich M, Pascalis H, Temmam S, Ramasindrazana B, Goodman SM, Tortosa P, Dellagi K, 2012. Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in bats, Madagascar and union of the Comoros. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1696–1697.
-
9.
Costa F, Wunder EA Jr., De Oliveira D, Bisht V, Rodrigues G, Reis MG, Ko AI, Begon M, Childs JE, 2015. Patterns in Leptospira shedding in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Brazilian slum communities at high risk of disease transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003819.
-
10.
Smythe LD, 2002. A quantitative PCR (TaqMan) assay for pathogenic Leptospira spp. BMC Infect Dis 2: 13.
-
11.
Herrmann JL, Bellenger E, Perolat P, Baranton G, Saint Girons I, 1992. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI digests of leptospiral DNA: a new rapid method of serovar identification. J Clin Microbiol 30: 1696–1702.
-
12.
Bharti AR et al. 2003. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis 3: 757–771.
-
13.
Moseley M, Rahelinirina S, Rajerison M, Garin B, Piertney S, Telfer S, 2018. Mixed Leptospira infections in a diverse reservoir host community, Madagascar, 2013–2015. Emerg Infect Dis 24: 1138–1140.
-
14.
Rahalison L, Ranjalahy M, Duplantier JM, Duchemin JB, Ravelosaona J, Ratsifasoamanana L, Chanteau S, 2003. Susceptibility to plague of the rodents in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Adv Exp Med Biol 529: 439–442.
-
15.
Raharimanga V, Ratsitorahina M, Migliani R, Rosso ML, Rahalison L, Chanteau S, 2001. La peste dans le marché Tsenabe Isotry à Antananarivo: une situation complexe. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 67: 19–20.
-
16.
Rasoamanana B, Dromigny JA, Duplantier JM, Ratsimba M, Chanteau S, 1998. Surveillance bactériologique et sérologique de la peste murine dans la ville d’Antananarivo (quartier Isotry) en 1995. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 64: 21–24.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 416 | 236 | 31 |
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High Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Rodents in an Urban Setting in Madagascar
Soanandrasana Rahelinirina
Soanandrasana Rahelinirina
Plague Unit, WHO Collaborating Center, Institut Pasteur, Antananarivo, Madagascar;
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Pascale Bourhy
Pascale Bourhy
Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, National Reference Centre for Leptospirosis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;
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Fehivola Andriamiaramanana
Fehivola Andriamiaramanana
Plague Unit, WHO Collaborating Center, Institut Pasteur, Antananarivo, Madagascar;
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Benoit Garin
Benoit Garin
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe
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Minoarisoa Rajerison
Minoarisoa Rajerison
Plague Unit, WHO Collaborating Center, Institut Pasteur, Antananarivo, Madagascar;
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Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic bacterial disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Only limited studies have been conducted on the presence of Leptospira spp. in rats in Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar. We assessed Leptospira prevalence in small mammals in urban areas of Antananarivo where sanitation is inadequate and there is risk of flooding during the rainy season. We captured rodents and shrews at two sites and examined kidney samples from 114 animals using culture and a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific to pathogenic Leptospira spp. We identified 23 positive samples containing Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii, with a high prevalence in Rattus norvegicus (44.9%). Our results indicate that small mammals, in particular R. norvegicus, present a major public health risk for acquiring leptospirosis in Antananarivo.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work is financially supported by Institut Pasteur de Madagascar.
Authors’ addresses: Soanandrasana Rahelinirina, Fehivola Andriamiaramanana, and Minoarisoa Rajerison, Plague Unit, WHO Collaborating Center, Institut Pasteur, Antananarivo, Madagascar, E-mails: raheli@pasteur.mg, fehivola@pasteur.mg, and mino@pasteur.mg. Pascale Bourhy, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, National Reference Centre for Leptospirosis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, E-mail: pascale.bourhy@pasteur.fr. Benoit Garin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, E-mail: benoitgarin@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 296–326.
-
2.
Ko AI, Galvao Reis M, Ribeiro Dourado CM, Johnson WD Jr., Riley LW, 1999. Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil: Salvador leptospirosis study group. Lancet 354: 820–825.
-
3.
Reis RB et al. 2008. Impact of environment and social gradient on Leptospira infection in urban slums. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e228.
-
4.
Pagès F, Kuli B, Moiton MP, Goarant C, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, 2015. Leptospirosis after a stay in Madagascar. J Trav Med 22: 136–139.
-
5.
Ratsitorahina M, Rahelinirina S, Michault A, Rajerison M, Rajatonirina S, Richard V, 2015. Has Madagascar lost its exceptional leptospirosis free-like status? PLoS One 10: e0122683.
-
6.
Rahelinirina S et al. 2010. First isolation and direct evidence for the existence of large small-mammal reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar. PLoS One 5: e14111.
-
7.
Dietrich M, Wilkinson DA, Soarimalala V, Goodman SM, Dellagi K, Tortosa P, 2014. Diversification of an emerging pathogen in a biodiversity hotspot: Leptospira in endemic small mammals of Madagascar. Mol Ecol 23: 2783–2796.
-
8.
Lagadec E, Gomard Y, Guernier V, Dietrich M, Pascalis H, Temmam S, Ramasindrazana B, Goodman SM, Tortosa P, Dellagi K, 2012. Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in bats, Madagascar and union of the Comoros. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1696–1697.
-
9.
Costa F, Wunder EA Jr., De Oliveira D, Bisht V, Rodrigues G, Reis MG, Ko AI, Begon M, Childs JE, 2015. Patterns in Leptospira shedding in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Brazilian slum communities at high risk of disease transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003819.
-
10.
Smythe LD, 2002. A quantitative PCR (TaqMan) assay for pathogenic Leptospira spp. BMC Infect Dis 2: 13.
-
11.
Herrmann JL, Bellenger E, Perolat P, Baranton G, Saint Girons I, 1992. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI digests of leptospiral DNA: a new rapid method of serovar identification. J Clin Microbiol 30: 1696–1702.
-
12.
Bharti AR et al. 2003. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis 3: 757–771.
-
13.
Moseley M, Rahelinirina S, Rajerison M, Garin B, Piertney S, Telfer S, 2018. Mixed Leptospira infections in a diverse reservoir host community, Madagascar, 2013–2015. Emerg Infect Dis 24: 1138–1140.
-
14.
Rahalison L, Ranjalahy M, Duplantier JM, Duchemin JB, Ravelosaona J, Ratsifasoamanana L, Chanteau S, 2003. Susceptibility to plague of the rodents in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Adv Exp Med Biol 529: 439–442.
-
15.
Raharimanga V, Ratsitorahina M, Migliani R, Rosso ML, Rahalison L, Chanteau S, 2001. La peste dans le marché Tsenabe Isotry à Antananarivo: une situation complexe. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 67: 19–20.
-
16.
Rasoamanana B, Dromigny JA, Duplantier JM, Ratsimba M, Chanteau S, 1998. Surveillance bactériologique et sérologique de la peste murine dans la ville d’Antananarivo (quartier Isotry) en 1995. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 64: 21–24.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 416 | 236 | 31 |
| Full Text Views | 804 | 15 | 6 |
| PDF Downloads | 242 | 14 | 4 |