Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Civen R, Ngo V, 2008. Murine typhus: an unrecognized suburban vectorborne disease. Clin Infect Dis 46: 913–918.
-
2.
Aung AK, Spelman DW, Murray RJ, Graves S, 2014. Rickettsial infections in southeast Asia: implications for local populace and febrile returned travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 451–460.
-
3.
Faccini-Martinez AA, Garcia-Alvarez L, Hidalgo M, Oteo JA, 2014. Syndromic classification of rickettsioses: an approach for clinical practice. Int J Infect Dis 28: 126–139.
-
4.
Mumcuoglu KY, Ioffe-Uspensky I, Alkrinawi S, Sarov B, Manor E, Galun R, 2001. Prevalence of vectors of the spotted fever group Rickettsiae and murine typhus in a Bedouin town in Israel. J Med Entomol 38: 458–461.
-
5.
Adjemian J, Parks S, McElroy K, Campbell J, Eremeeva ME, Nicholson WL, McQuiston J, Taylor J, 2010. Murine typhus in Austin, Texas, USA, 2008. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 412–417.
-
6.
Blanton LS, Dumle rJS, Walker DH, 2015. Rickettsia typhi (Murine Typhus). Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser J, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, 2221–2225.
-
7.
Walker DH, Parks FM, Betz TG, Taylor JP, Muehlberger JW, 1989. Histopathology and immunohistologic demonstration of the distribution of Rickettsia typhi in fatal murine typhus. Am J Clin Pathol 91: 720–724.
-
8.
Pieracci EG, Evert N, Drexler NA, Mayes B, Vilcins I, Huang P, Campbell J, Behravesh CB, Paddock CD, 2017. Fatal flea-borne typhus in Texas: a retrospective case series, 1985–2015. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 1088–1093.
-
9.
Walker DH, Feng HM, Ladner S, Billings AN, Zaki SR, Wear DJ, Hightower B, 1997. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of typhus rickettsioses using an anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody. Mod Pathol 10: 1038–1042.
-
10.
Paris DH, Blacksell SD, Stenos J, Graves SR, Unsworth NB, Phetsouvanh R, Newton PN, Day NP, 2008. Real-time multiplex PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Rickettsiae and Orientiae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 186–193.
-
11.
Botelho-Nevers E, Socolovschi C, Raoult D, Parola P, 2012. Treatment of Rickettsia spp. infections: a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 10: 1425–1437.
-
12.
Gikas A, Doukakis S, Pediaditis J, Kastanakis S, Manios A, Tselentis Y, 2004. Comparison of the effectiveness of five different antibiotic regimens on infection with Rickettsia typhi: therapeutic data from 87 cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 576–579.
-
13.
Israel Center For Disease Control (ICDC) 2012. Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Israel: 60 Years of Surveillance 1951–2010. Jerusalem, Israel: DOEPHS. Publication 342.
-
14.
Bishara J, Hershkovitz D, Yagupsky P, Lazarovitch T, Boldur I, Kra-Oz T, Pitlik S, 2004. Murine typhus among Arabs and Jews in Israel 1991—2001. Eur J Epidemiol 19: 1123–1126.
-
15.
Shalev H, Raissa R, Evgenia Z, Yagupsky P, 2006. Murine typhus is a common cause of febrile illness in Bedouin children in Israel. Scand J Infect Dis 38: 451–455.
-
16.
Gross EM, Arbeli Y, Bearman JE, Yagupsky P, Cohar K, Torok V, Goldwasser RA, 1984. Spotted fever and murine typhus in the Negev desert region of Israel, 1981. Bull World Health Organ 62: 301–306.
-
17.
Murray KO, Evert N, Mayes B, Fonken E, Erickson T, Garcia MN, Sidwa T, 2017. Typhus group rickettsiosis, Texas, USA, 2003–2013. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 645–648.
-
18.
Blanton LS, Vohra RF, Bouyer DH, Walker DH, 2015. Reemergence of murine typhus in Galveston, Texas, USA, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 484–486.
-
19.
Blanton LS, Idowu BM, Tatsch TN, Henderson JM, Bouyer DH, Walker DH, 2016. Opossums and cat fleas: new insights in the ecology of murine typhus in Galveston, Texas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95: 457–461.
-
20.
Erickson T, da Silva J, Nolan MS, Marquez L, Munoz FM, Murray KO, 2017. Newly recognized pediatric cases of typhus group rickettsiosis, Houston, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 2068–2071.
-
21.
Rosenthal T, Michaeli D, 1977. Murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel in the seventies. Infection 5: 82–84.
-
22.
Shaked Y, Samra Y, Maeir MK, Rubinstein E, 1988. Murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel in the eighties: retrospective analysis. Infection 16: 283–287.
-
23.
Chaliotis G, Kritsotakis EI, Psaroulaki A, Tselentis Y, Gikas A, 2012. Murine typhus in central Greece: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic-response features of 90 cases. Int J Infect Dis 16: e591–e596.
-
24.
Whiteford SF, Taylor JP, Dumler JS, 2001. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic features of murine typhus in 97 Texas children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 155: 396–400.
-
25.
Tsioutis C, Zafeiri M, Avramopoulos A, Prousali E, Miligkos M, Karageorgos SA, 2017. Clinical and laboratory characteristics, epidemiology, and outcomes of murine typhus: a systematic review. Acta Trop 166: 16–24.
-
26.
Tsioutis C, Chaliotis G, Kokkini S, Doukakis S, Tselentis Y, Psaroulaki A, Gikas A, 2014. Murine typhus in elderly patients: a prospective study of 49 patients. Scand J Infect Dis 46: 779–782.
-
27.
Keysary A, Strenger C, 1997. Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques with cross-reacting human sera in diagnosis of murine typhus and spotted fever. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1034–1035.
-
28.
Vardi M, Petersil N, Keysary A, Rzotkiewicz S, Laor A, Bitterman H, 2011. Immunological arousal during acute Q fever infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 30: 1527–1530.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 634 | 511 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 965 | 9 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 113 | 5 | 0 |
High Morbidity Due to Murine Typhus Upsurge in Urban Neighborhoods in Central Israel
Evgeny Rogozin
Evgeny Rogozin
Department of Medicine B, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel;
Department of Medicine B, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel;
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Department of Medicine B, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel;
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Tsilia Lazarovitch
Tsilia Lazarovitch
The Microbiology Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel;
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Miriam Weinberger
Miriam Weinberger
Infectious Diseases Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel;
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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The incidence of murine typhus in Israel has decreased substantially since 1950 to a low of 0.04/100,000 population in 2010. We present the experience of a single university medical center in central Israel. Hospitalized patients serologically positive for Rickettsia typhi by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay during 2006–2016 were retrospectively identified. Clinical and laboratory data from patients’ charts were used to analyze disease trends and distribution. Seventy-eight patients were studied (mean age: 27.9 years), mostly of Arab ethnicity (68, 87.2%). Seventy-one (91%) patients resided in two large mixed Jewish-Arab cities—Lod and Ramla. The incidence of murine typhus among the Arab population in Lod increased 8.4-fold from 6.4/100,000 in 2006 to a peak of 53.4/100,000 in 2013. The average annual incidence among Arabs in Ramla was 10.1/100,000. Among Jews, incidences were 0.8/100,000 in Lod and 0.4/100,000 in Ramla. The classical triad of fever, headache, and rash was noted in 20.8% patients. Substantial morbidity included prolonged fever before hospitalization and hospital stay (mean of 8.4 and 5.1 days, respectively), and severe complications in six patients, including pneumonitis in three patients, and splenic infarctions, pericardial effusion, and retinitis, each in one. One previously healthy patient died of multiorgan failure. The study describes a high incidence of murine typhus with a recent upsurge in an urban setting in central Israel. High morbidity and a single fatal outcome challenge the concept of murine typhus being a mild disease. The study calls for better rodent control and sanitation measures in the affected neighborhoods.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Evgeny Rogozin, Department of Medicine B, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, E-mail: eugenrog@gmail.com. Tsilia Lazarovitch, Microbiology Laboratory, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, E-mail: zlazarovitch@asaf.health.gov.il. Miriam Weinberger, Infectious Diseases Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, E-mail: miriw@netvision.net.il.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Civen R, Ngo V, 2008. Murine typhus: an unrecognized suburban vectorborne disease. Clin Infect Dis 46: 913–918.
-
2.
Aung AK, Spelman DW, Murray RJ, Graves S, 2014. Rickettsial infections in southeast Asia: implications for local populace and febrile returned travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 451–460.
-
3.
Faccini-Martinez AA, Garcia-Alvarez L, Hidalgo M, Oteo JA, 2014. Syndromic classification of rickettsioses: an approach for clinical practice. Int J Infect Dis 28: 126–139.
-
4.
Mumcuoglu KY, Ioffe-Uspensky I, Alkrinawi S, Sarov B, Manor E, Galun R, 2001. Prevalence of vectors of the spotted fever group Rickettsiae and murine typhus in a Bedouin town in Israel. J Med Entomol 38: 458–461.
-
5.
Adjemian J, Parks S, McElroy K, Campbell J, Eremeeva ME, Nicholson WL, McQuiston J, Taylor J, 2010. Murine typhus in Austin, Texas, USA, 2008. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 412–417.
-
6.
Blanton LS, Dumle rJS, Walker DH, 2015. Rickettsia typhi (Murine Typhus). Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser J, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, 2221–2225.
-
7.
Walker DH, Parks FM, Betz TG, Taylor JP, Muehlberger JW, 1989. Histopathology and immunohistologic demonstration of the distribution of Rickettsia typhi in fatal murine typhus. Am J Clin Pathol 91: 720–724.
-
8.
Pieracci EG, Evert N, Drexler NA, Mayes B, Vilcins I, Huang P, Campbell J, Behravesh CB, Paddock CD, 2017. Fatal flea-borne typhus in Texas: a retrospective case series, 1985–2015. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 1088–1093.
-
9.
Walker DH, Feng HM, Ladner S, Billings AN, Zaki SR, Wear DJ, Hightower B, 1997. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of typhus rickettsioses using an anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody. Mod Pathol 10: 1038–1042.
-
10.
Paris DH, Blacksell SD, Stenos J, Graves SR, Unsworth NB, Phetsouvanh R, Newton PN, Day NP, 2008. Real-time multiplex PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Rickettsiae and Orientiae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 186–193.
-
11.
Botelho-Nevers E, Socolovschi C, Raoult D, Parola P, 2012. Treatment of Rickettsia spp. infections: a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 10: 1425–1437.
-
12.
Gikas A, Doukakis S, Pediaditis J, Kastanakis S, Manios A, Tselentis Y, 2004. Comparison of the effectiveness of five different antibiotic regimens on infection with Rickettsia typhi: therapeutic data from 87 cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 576–579.
-
13.
Israel Center For Disease Control (ICDC) 2012. Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Israel: 60 Years of Surveillance 1951–2010. Jerusalem, Israel: DOEPHS. Publication 342.
-
14.
Bishara J, Hershkovitz D, Yagupsky P, Lazarovitch T, Boldur I, Kra-Oz T, Pitlik S, 2004. Murine typhus among Arabs and Jews in Israel 1991—2001. Eur J Epidemiol 19: 1123–1126.
-
15.
Shalev H, Raissa R, Evgenia Z, Yagupsky P, 2006. Murine typhus is a common cause of febrile illness in Bedouin children in Israel. Scand J Infect Dis 38: 451–455.
-
16.
Gross EM, Arbeli Y, Bearman JE, Yagupsky P, Cohar K, Torok V, Goldwasser RA, 1984. Spotted fever and murine typhus in the Negev desert region of Israel, 1981. Bull World Health Organ 62: 301–306.
-
17.
Murray KO, Evert N, Mayes B, Fonken E, Erickson T, Garcia MN, Sidwa T, 2017. Typhus group rickettsiosis, Texas, USA, 2003–2013. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 645–648.
-
18.
Blanton LS, Vohra RF, Bouyer DH, Walker DH, 2015. Reemergence of murine typhus in Galveston, Texas, USA, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 484–486.
-
19.
Blanton LS, Idowu BM, Tatsch TN, Henderson JM, Bouyer DH, Walker DH, 2016. Opossums and cat fleas: new insights in the ecology of murine typhus in Galveston, Texas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95: 457–461.
-
20.
Erickson T, da Silva J, Nolan MS, Marquez L, Munoz FM, Murray KO, 2017. Newly recognized pediatric cases of typhus group rickettsiosis, Houston, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 2068–2071.
-
21.
Rosenthal T, Michaeli D, 1977. Murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel in the seventies. Infection 5: 82–84.
-
22.
Shaked Y, Samra Y, Maeir MK, Rubinstein E, 1988. Murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel in the eighties: retrospective analysis. Infection 16: 283–287.
-
23.
Chaliotis G, Kritsotakis EI, Psaroulaki A, Tselentis Y, Gikas A, 2012. Murine typhus in central Greece: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic-response features of 90 cases. Int J Infect Dis 16: e591–e596.
-
24.
Whiteford SF, Taylor JP, Dumler JS, 2001. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic features of murine typhus in 97 Texas children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 155: 396–400.
-
25.
Tsioutis C, Zafeiri M, Avramopoulos A, Prousali E, Miligkos M, Karageorgos SA, 2017. Clinical and laboratory characteristics, epidemiology, and outcomes of murine typhus: a systematic review. Acta Trop 166: 16–24.
-
26.
Tsioutis C, Chaliotis G, Kokkini S, Doukakis S, Tselentis Y, Psaroulaki A, Gikas A, 2014. Murine typhus in elderly patients: a prospective study of 49 patients. Scand J Infect Dis 46: 779–782.
-
27.
Keysary A, Strenger C, 1997. Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques with cross-reacting human sera in diagnosis of murine typhus and spotted fever. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1034–1035.
-
28.
Vardi M, Petersil N, Keysary A, Rzotkiewicz S, Laor A, Bitterman H, 2011. Immunological arousal during acute Q fever infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 30: 1527–1530.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 634 | 511 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 965 | 9 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 113 | 5 | 0 |