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Revisiting the Homoploid Hybrid Speciation Process of the Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma Galvão, 1956 (Hemiptera, Triatominae) Using Cytogenetic and Molecular Markers
Triatomines are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Although the evolutionary process in triatomine is considered as disruptive, cryptic speciation and homoploid hybridization also are possible modes of speciation. Several analyses suggested Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma as a product of hybridization between T. brasiliensis and Triatoma juazeirensis. Thus, we analyzed genetic characteristics (chromosomal analysis, genetic distance for the mitochondrial ND1 gene, and the pattern of bands of internal transcribed spacer [ITS]-1) of these species, with emphasis on the phenomenon of homoploid hybridization. All species showed the same cytogenetic characteristics, low genetic distance for ND1 gene, and the same pattern of ITS-1 bands. We consider that these genetic characteristics, together with the large chromatic polymorphism and the viability of experimental crosses possibly are due to the processes of introgression that these species suffered during the process of homoploid hybridization.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (Process number 2013/19764-0), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
Authors’ addresses: Ana Letícia Guerra, Kelly Cristine Borsatto, Nicolle Pagliusi Damiano Teixeira, Fernanda Fernandez Madeira, Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira, and Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”—São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mails: analebio@yahoo.com.br, kellyborsatto@gmail.com, nicolleteixeira@terra.com.br, fernanda.bio56@hotmail.com, tercilia@ibilce.unesp.br, and kaiochaboli@hotmail.com. Jader de Oliveira and João Aristeu da Rosa, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”—Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mails: jdr.oliveira@hotmail.com and joaoaristeu@gmail.com.