Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Maurice J, 2014. Of pigs and people—WHO prepares to battle cysticercosis. Lancet 384: 571–572.
-
2.
García HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH, 2014. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol 13: 1202–1215.
-
3.
Ndimubanzi PC, Carabin H, Budke CM, Nguyen H, Qian YJ, Rainwater E, Dickey M, Reynolds S, Stoner JA, 2010. A systematic review of the frequency of neurocyticercosis with a focus on people with epilepsy. PLoS Neglect Trop Dis 4: e870.
-
4.
García HH et al. 2014. Efficacy of combined antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel and albendazole for neurocysticercosis: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 14: 687–695.
-
5.
Schantz PM, Wilkins PP, Tsang VCW, 1998. Immigrants, imaging and immunoblots: the emergence of neurocysticercosis as a significant public health problem. Scheld WM, Craig WA, Hughes JM, ed. Emerging Infection 2. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 213–241.
-
6.
Wallin MT, Kurtzke JF, 2004. Neurocysticercosis in the United States: review of an important emerging infection. Neurology 63: 1559–1564.
-
7.
Cantey PT, Coyle CM, Sorvillo FJ, Wilkins PP, Starr MC, Nash TE, 2014. Neglected parasitic infections in the United States: cysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 805–809.
-
8.
Phiri IK, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Willingham AL 3rd, Sikasunge C, Siziya S, Vercruysse J, 2006. Assessment of routine inspection methods for porcine cysticercosis in Zambian village pigs. J Helminthol 80: 69–72.
-
9.
Ngowi HA, Kassuku AA, Maeda GE, Boa ME, Willingham AL, 2004. A slaughter slab survey for extra-intestinal porcine helminth infections in northern Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Pro 36: 335–340.
-
10.
Dorny P, Phiri IK, Vercruysse J, Gabriël S, Willingham AL 3rd, Brandt J, Victor B, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, 2004. A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 34: 569–576.
-
11.
Sato MO et al. 2003. Evaluation of tongue inspection and serology for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine: usefulness of ELISA using purified glycoproteins and recombinant antigen. Vet Parasitol 111: 309–322.
-
12.
Gonzalez AE et al. 1990. Prevalence and comparison of serologic assays, necropsy, and tongue examination for the diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 194–199.
-
13.
Brandt JR, Geerts S, De Deken R, Kumar V, Ceulemans F, Brijs L, Falla N, 1992. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 22: 471–477.
-
14.
Deckers N, Kanobana K, Silva M, Gonzalez AE, García HH, Gilman RH, Dorny P, 2008. Serological responses in porcine cysticercosis: a link with the parasitological outcome of infection. Int J Parasitol 38: 1191–1198.
-
15.
Nguekam A, Zoli AP, Vondou L, Pouedet SM, Assana E, Dorny P, Brandt J, Losson B, Geerts S, 2003. Kinetics of circulating antigens in pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium eggs. Vet Parasitol 111: 323–332.
-
16.
Harrison LJ, Joshua GW, Wright SH, Parkhouse RM, 1989. Specific detection of circulating surface/secreted glycoproteins of viable cysticerci in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Parasite Immunol 11: 351–370.
-
17.
Van Kerckhoven I, Vansteenkiste W, Claes M, Geerts S, Brandt J, 1998. Improved detection of circulating antigen in cattle infected with Taenia saginata metacestodes. Vet Parasitol 76: 269–274.
-
18.
Erhart A et al. 2002. Taenia solium cysticercosis in a village in northern Viet Nam: seroprevalence study using an ELISA for detecting circulating antigen. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 270–272.
-
19.
Nguekam JP, Zoli AP, Ongolo-Zogo P, Dorny P, Brandt J, Geerts S, 2003. Follow-up of neurocysticercosis patients after treatment using an antigen detection ELISA. Parasite 10: 65–68.
-
20.
Rodriguez S, Dorny P, Tsang VC, Pretell EJ, Brandt J, Lescano AG, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, García HH, 2009. Detection of Taenia solium antigens and anti-T. solium antibodies in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with intraparenchymal or extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 199: 1345–1352.
-
21.
García HH, O’Neal SE, Gilman RH, 2016. Elimination of Taenia solium transmission in Peru. New Eng J Med 375: 1196–1197.
-
22.
Rojas RG, Patino F, Perez J, Medina C, Lares M, Mendez C, Aular J, Parkhouse RME, Cortez MM, 2019. Transmission of porcine cysticercosis in the Portuguesa state of Venezuela. Trop Anim Health Prod [Epub ahead of print].
-
23.
Chembensofu M et al. 2017. Re-visiting the detection of porcine cysticercosis based on full carcass dissections of naturally Taenia solium infected pigs. Parasite Vector 10: 572.
-
24.
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159: 50–59.
-
25.
Straw BJ, Meuten DJ, 1992. Physical Examination. Straw BJ, Mengeling WL, D´Allaire S, Taylor DJ, Ames IA, ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 793–807.
-
26.
Zea-Vera A et al. 2013. Parasite antigen in serum predicts the presence of viable brain parasites in patients with apparently calcified cysticercosis only. Clin Infect Dis 57: e154–e159.
-
27.
De Jonge N, Fillie YE, Deelder AM, 1987. A simple and rapid treatment (trichloroacetic acid precipitation) of serum samples to prevent non-specific reactions in the immunoassay of a proteoglycan. J Immunol Methods 99: 195–197.
-
28.
Draelants E, Brandt JR, Kumar V, Geerts S, 1995. Characterization of epitopes on excretory-secretory antigens of Taenia saginata metacestodes recognized by monoclonal antibodies with immunodiagnostic potential. Parasite Immunol 17: 119–126.
-
29.
Dermauw V, Ganaba R, Cisse A, Ouedraogo B, Millogo A, Tarnagda Z, Van Hul A, Gabriël S, Carabin H, Dorny P, 2016. Taenia hydatigena in pigs in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional abattoir study. Vet Parasitol 230: 9–13.
-
30.
Dorny P, Brandt J, Geerts S, 2004. Immunodiagnostic approaches for detecting Taenia solium. Trends Parasitol 20: 259–260; author reply 260–251.
-
31.
Cortez MM, Rojas GC, Parkhouse RME, 2018. The HP10 Taenia monoclonal antibody-based ELISA detects a similar protein in the vesicular fluid of Taenia hydatigena. Trop Anim Health Prod 50: 697–700.
-
32.
Rodriguez S, Wilkins P, Dorny P, 2012. Immunological and molecular diagnosis of cysticercosis. Pathog Glob Health 106: 286–298.
-
33.
Kumar D, Gaur SN, 1987. Serodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using fractionated antigens. Vet Parasitol 24: 195–202.
-
34.
Cheng RW, Ko RC, 1991. Cross-reactions between crude antigens of larval Taenia solium (Cysticercus cellulosae) and other helminths of pigs. Vet Parasitol 39: 161–170.
-
35.
Ko RC, Ng TF, 1998. Evaluation of excretory/secretory products of larval Taenia solium as diagnostic antigens for porcine and human cysticercosis. J Helminthol 72: 147–154.
-
36.
Phiri IK, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Willingham AL 3rd, Speybroeck N, Vercruysse J, 2002. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in eastern and southern provinces of Zambia. Vet Parasitol 108: 31–39.
-
37.
Boa ME, Kassuku AA, Willingham AL 3rd, Keyyu JD, Phiri IK, Nansen P, 2002. Distribution and density of cysticerci of Taenia solium by muscle groups and organs in naturally infected local finished pigs in Tanzania. Vet Parasitol 106: 155–164.
-
38.
Sciutto E et al. 1998. Limitations of current diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs. Vet Parasitol 79: 299–313.
-
39.
Gonzalez AE, Bustos JA, García HH, Rodriguez S, Zimic M, Castillo Y, Praet N, Gabriël S, Gilman RH, Dorny P, 2015. Successful antiparasitic treatment for cysticercosis is associated with a fast and marked reduction of circulating antigen levels in a naturally infected pig model. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 1305–1310.
-
40.
Gabriël S, Blocher J, Dorny P, Abatih EN, Schmutzhard E, Ombay M, Mathias B, Winkler AS, 2012. Added value of antigen ELISA in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in resource poor settings. PLoS Neglect Trop Dis 6: e1851.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 117 | 117 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 1012 | 224 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 460 | 80 | 0 |
Performance of a Sandwich Antigen-Detection ELISA for the Diagnosis of Porcine Taenia solium Cysticercosis
Javier A. Bustos
Javier A. Bustos
Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences and Center for Global Health–Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru;
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Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru;
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Berenice E. Ninaquispe
Berenice E. Ninaquispe
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;
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Silvia Rodriguez
Silvia Rodriguez
Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru;
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Yesenia Castillo
Yesenia Castillo
Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru;
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Susan Y. Yang
Susan Y. Yang
School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
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Robert H. Gilman
Robert H. Gilman
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Pierre Dorny
Pierre Dorny
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;
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Sarah Gabriël
Sarah Gabriël
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Héctor H. García
Héctor H. García
Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences and Center for Global Health–Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru;
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Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru;
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Armando E. Gonzalez
Armando E. Gonzalez
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;
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for the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
for the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences and Center for Global Health–Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;
Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru;
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;
School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru;
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;
School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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The pig is the natural intermediate host of Taenia solium, a parasite causing significant burden of disease in both humans and pigs. Porcine cysticercosis is traditionally detected via tongue palpation and slaughterhouse meat inspection, both with limited sensitivity. Serum antibody detection has a better performance; however, it does not discriminate past from present infection. Serum antigen detection can demonstrate viable infection and gives a good estimate of parasitic load. This study evaluated a sandwich antigen-detection ELISA using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 158C11 and 60H8 for the diagnosis of viable cysticercosis in pigs. Serum samples were used from 35 naturally T. solium cysticerci–infected pigs, 31 cysticercosis-negative pigs, and 22 pigs with Taenia hydatigena infection (to assess cross-reactions). Positive cysticercosis samples were subcategorized at necropsy according to parasitic burden as mild (1–10 viable cysts, n = 10), moderate (11–100 cysts, n = 5), or severe infection (more than 100 cysts, n = 20). This Ag-ELISA showed a sensitivity of 82.9% and a specificity of 96.8% when not considering cross-reactions with T. hydatigena. Hundred percentage of severely infected, 80% of moderately infected, and 50% of mildly T. solium–infected pigs tested positive. Twenty of 22 pigs with only T. hydatigena infections were positive, with 13 reaching saturating levels in the ELISA. The Ag-ELISA revealed the presence of live cysts and is, thus, a fairly reliable test to monitor experimental infection, response to treatment, and follow-up in animal models of cysticercosis. It should, however, be carefully interpreted when used in regions where T. hydatigena is endemic in pigs.
Author Notes
Financial support: Partial support from the Fogarty International Center/NIH Training grants D43TW001140, D43TW008273, and NIH-R01-AI116456 is acknowledged.
Authors’ addresses: Javier A. Bustos, Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mail: javier.bustos@jhu.edu. Berenice E. Ninaquispe and Armando E. Gonzalez, Department of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, E-mails: esthervet04@yahoo.es and agonzale@jhsph.edu. Yesenia Castillo, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mail: yesenia.castillo.b@upch.pe. Susan Y. Yang, School of Medicine, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, E-mail: susanchyang@gmail.com. Robert H. Gilman, International Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: gilmanbob@gmail.com. Pierre Dorny, Biomedical Sciences, Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: pdorny@itg.be. Sarah Gabriël, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, E-mail: sarah.gabriel@ugent.be. Héctor H. García, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, and Transmissible Diseases, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru, E-mail: hgarcia@jhsph.edu.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Deceased.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Maurice J, 2014. Of pigs and people—WHO prepares to battle cysticercosis. Lancet 384: 571–572.
-
2.
García HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH, 2014. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol 13: 1202–1215.
-
3.
Ndimubanzi PC, Carabin H, Budke CM, Nguyen H, Qian YJ, Rainwater E, Dickey M, Reynolds S, Stoner JA, 2010. A systematic review of the frequency of neurocyticercosis with a focus on people with epilepsy. PLoS Neglect Trop Dis 4: e870.
-
4.
García HH et al. 2014. Efficacy of combined antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel and albendazole for neurocysticercosis: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 14: 687–695.
-
5.
Schantz PM, Wilkins PP, Tsang VCW, 1998. Immigrants, imaging and immunoblots: the emergence of neurocysticercosis as a significant public health problem. Scheld WM, Craig WA, Hughes JM, ed. Emerging Infection 2. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 213–241.
-
6.
Wallin MT, Kurtzke JF, 2004. Neurocysticercosis in the United States: review of an important emerging infection. Neurology 63: 1559–1564.
-
7.
Cantey PT, Coyle CM, Sorvillo FJ, Wilkins PP, Starr MC, Nash TE, 2014. Neglected parasitic infections in the United States: cysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 805–809.
-
8.
Phiri IK, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Willingham AL 3rd, Sikasunge C, Siziya S, Vercruysse J, 2006. Assessment of routine inspection methods for porcine cysticercosis in Zambian village pigs. J Helminthol 80: 69–72.
-
9.
Ngowi HA, Kassuku AA, Maeda GE, Boa ME, Willingham AL, 2004. A slaughter slab survey for extra-intestinal porcine helminth infections in northern Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Pro 36: 335–340.
-
10.
Dorny P, Phiri IK, Vercruysse J, Gabriël S, Willingham AL 3rd, Brandt J, Victor B, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, 2004. A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 34: 569–576.
-
11.
Sato MO et al. 2003. Evaluation of tongue inspection and serology for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine: usefulness of ELISA using purified glycoproteins and recombinant antigen. Vet Parasitol 111: 309–322.
-
12.
Gonzalez AE et al. 1990. Prevalence and comparison of serologic assays, necropsy, and tongue examination for the diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 194–199.
-
13.
Brandt JR, Geerts S, De Deken R, Kumar V, Ceulemans F, Brijs L, Falla N, 1992. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 22: 471–477.
-
14.
Deckers N, Kanobana K, Silva M, Gonzalez AE, García HH, Gilman RH, Dorny P, 2008. Serological responses in porcine cysticercosis: a link with the parasitological outcome of infection. Int J Parasitol 38: 1191–1198.
-
15.
Nguekam A, Zoli AP, Vondou L, Pouedet SM, Assana E, Dorny P, Brandt J, Losson B, Geerts S, 2003. Kinetics of circulating antigens in pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium eggs. Vet Parasitol 111: 323–332.
-
16.
Harrison LJ, Joshua GW, Wright SH, Parkhouse RM, 1989. Specific detection of circulating surface/secreted glycoproteins of viable cysticerci in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Parasite Immunol 11: 351–370.
-
17.
Van Kerckhoven I, Vansteenkiste W, Claes M, Geerts S, Brandt J, 1998. Improved detection of circulating antigen in cattle infected with Taenia saginata metacestodes. Vet Parasitol 76: 269–274.
-
18.
Erhart A et al. 2002. Taenia solium cysticercosis in a village in northern Viet Nam: seroprevalence study using an ELISA for detecting circulating antigen. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 270–272.
-
19.
Nguekam JP, Zoli AP, Ongolo-Zogo P, Dorny P, Brandt J, Geerts S, 2003. Follow-up of neurocysticercosis patients after treatment using an antigen detection ELISA. Parasite 10: 65–68.
-
20.
Rodriguez S, Dorny P, Tsang VC, Pretell EJ, Brandt J, Lescano AG, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, García HH, 2009. Detection of Taenia solium antigens and anti-T. solium antibodies in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with intraparenchymal or extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 199: 1345–1352.
-
21.
García HH, O’Neal SE, Gilman RH, 2016. Elimination of Taenia solium transmission in Peru. New Eng J Med 375: 1196–1197.
-
22.
Rojas RG, Patino F, Perez J, Medina C, Lares M, Mendez C, Aular J, Parkhouse RME, Cortez MM, 2019. Transmission of porcine cysticercosis in the Portuguesa state of Venezuela. Trop Anim Health Prod [Epub ahead of print].
-
23.
Chembensofu M et al. 2017. Re-visiting the detection of porcine cysticercosis based on full carcass dissections of naturally Taenia solium infected pigs. Parasite Vector 10: 572.
-
24.
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159: 50–59.
-
25.
Straw BJ, Meuten DJ, 1992. Physical Examination. Straw BJ, Mengeling WL, D´Allaire S, Taylor DJ, Ames IA, ed. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 793–807.
-
26.
Zea-Vera A et al. 2013. Parasite antigen in serum predicts the presence of viable brain parasites in patients with apparently calcified cysticercosis only. Clin Infect Dis 57: e154–e159.
-
27.
De Jonge N, Fillie YE, Deelder AM, 1987. A simple and rapid treatment (trichloroacetic acid precipitation) of serum samples to prevent non-specific reactions in the immunoassay of a proteoglycan. J Immunol Methods 99: 195–197.
-
28.
Draelants E, Brandt JR, Kumar V, Geerts S, 1995. Characterization of epitopes on excretory-secretory antigens of Taenia saginata metacestodes recognized by monoclonal antibodies with immunodiagnostic potential. Parasite Immunol 17: 119–126.
-
29.
Dermauw V, Ganaba R, Cisse A, Ouedraogo B, Millogo A, Tarnagda Z, Van Hul A, Gabriël S, Carabin H, Dorny P, 2016. Taenia hydatigena in pigs in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional abattoir study. Vet Parasitol 230: 9–13.
-
30.
Dorny P, Brandt J, Geerts S, 2004. Immunodiagnostic approaches for detecting Taenia solium. Trends Parasitol 20: 259–260; author reply 260–251.
-
31.
Cortez MM, Rojas GC, Parkhouse RME, 2018. The HP10 Taenia monoclonal antibody-based ELISA detects a similar protein in the vesicular fluid of Taenia hydatigena. Trop Anim Health Prod 50: 697–700.
-
32.
Rodriguez S, Wilkins P, Dorny P, 2012. Immunological and molecular diagnosis of cysticercosis. Pathog Glob Health 106: 286–298.
-
33.
Kumar D, Gaur SN, 1987. Serodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using fractionated antigens. Vet Parasitol 24: 195–202.
-
34.
Cheng RW, Ko RC, 1991. Cross-reactions between crude antigens of larval Taenia solium (Cysticercus cellulosae) and other helminths of pigs. Vet Parasitol 39: 161–170.
-
35.
Ko RC, Ng TF, 1998. Evaluation of excretory/secretory products of larval Taenia solium as diagnostic antigens for porcine and human cysticercosis. J Helminthol 72: 147–154.
-
36.
Phiri IK, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Willingham AL 3rd, Speybroeck N, Vercruysse J, 2002. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in eastern and southern provinces of Zambia. Vet Parasitol 108: 31–39.
-
37.
Boa ME, Kassuku AA, Willingham AL 3rd, Keyyu JD, Phiri IK, Nansen P, 2002. Distribution and density of cysticerci of Taenia solium by muscle groups and organs in naturally infected local finished pigs in Tanzania. Vet Parasitol 106: 155–164.
-
38.
Sciutto E et al. 1998. Limitations of current diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs. Vet Parasitol 79: 299–313.
-
39.
Gonzalez AE, Bustos JA, García HH, Rodriguez S, Zimic M, Castillo Y, Praet N, Gabriël S, Gilman RH, Dorny P, 2015. Successful antiparasitic treatment for cysticercosis is associated with a fast and marked reduction of circulating antigen levels in a naturally infected pig model. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 1305–1310.
-
40.
Gabriël S, Blocher J, Dorny P, Abatih EN, Schmutzhard E, Ombay M, Mathias B, Winkler AS, 2012. Added value of antigen ELISA in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in resource poor settings. PLoS Neglect Trop Dis 6: e1851.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 117 | 117 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 1012 | 224 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 460 | 80 | 0 |