Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2011. mHealth: New Horizons for Health through Mobile Technologies. GOf eHealth, ed. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
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2.
Zurovac D, Talisuna AO, Snow RW, 2012. Mobile phone text messaging: tool for malaria control in Africa. PLoS Med 9: e1001176.
-
3.
Afrobarometer, 2016. Building on Progress: Infrastructure Development Still a Major Challenge in Africa, Dispatch No. 69. Available at: http://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Dispatches/ab_r6_dispatchno69_infrastructure_remains_challenge_en.pdf. Accessed October 6, 2017.
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4.
Gurol-Urganci I, de Jongh T, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, Atun R, Car J, 2013. Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12: CD007458.
-
5.
de Jongh T, Gurol-Urganci I, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, Car J, Atun R, 2012. Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self-management of long-term illnesses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12: CD007459.
-
6.
Gurol-Urganci I, de Jongh T, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, Car J, Atun R, 2012. Mobile phone messaging for communicating results of medical investigations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6: CD007456.
-
7.
Vodopivec-Jamsek V, de Jongh T, Gurol-Urganci I, Atun R, Car J, 2012. Mobile phone messaging for preventive health care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12: CD007457.
-
8.
Free C, Phillips G, Galli L, Watson L, Felix L, Edwards P, Patel V, Haines A, 2013. The effectiveness of mobile-health technology-based health behaviour change or disease management interventions for health care consumers: a systematic review. PLoS Med 10: e1001362.
-
9.
Agarwal S, Perry HB, Long LA, Labrique AB, 2015. Evidence on feasibility and effective use of mHealth strategies by frontline health workers in developing countries: systematic review. Trop Med Int Health 20: 1003–1014.
-
10.
Zurovac D, Sudoi RK, Akhwale WS, Ndiritu M, Hamer DH, Rowe AK, Snow RW, 2011. The effect of mobile phone text-message reminders on Kenyan health workers' adherence to malaria treatment guidelines: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 378: 795–803.
-
11.
Jones CO, Wasunna B, Sudoi R, Githinji S, Snow RW, Zurovac D, 2012. “Even if you know everything you can forget”: health worker perceptions of mobile phone text-messaging to improve malaria case-management in Kenya. PLoS One 7: e38636.
-
12.
Zurovac D, Larson BA, Sudoi RK, Snow RW, 2012. Costs and cost-effectiveness of a mobile phone text-message reminder programmes to improve health workers’ adherence to malaria guidelines in Kenya. PLoS One 7: e52045.
-
13.
Chen Y, Yang K, Jing T, Tian J, Shen X, Xie C, Ma B, Liu Y, Yao L, Cao X, 2014. Use of text messages to communicate clinical recommendations to health workers in rural China: a cluster-randomized trial. Bull World Health Organ 92: 474–481.
-
14.
Bruxvoort K, Festo C, Kalolella A, Cairns M, Lyaruu P, Kenani M, Kachur SP, Goodman C, Schellenberg D, 2014. Cluster randomized trial of text message reminders to retail staff in tanzanian drug shops dispensing artemether-lumefantrine: effect on dispenser knowledge and patient adherence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 844–853.
-
15.
Friedman W, Woodman B, Chatterji M, 2015. Can mobile phone messages to drug sellers improve treatment of childhood diarrhoea?—A randomized controlled trial in Ghana. Health Policy Plan 30 (Suppl 1): i82–92.
-
16.
Tomlinson M, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Swartz L, Tsai AC, 2013. Scaling Up mHealth: where is the evidence? PLoS Med 10: e1001382.
-
17.
van Heerden A, Tomlinson M, Swartz L, 2012. Point of care in your pocket: a research agenda for the field of m-health. Bull World Health Organ 90: 393–394.
-
18.
National Malaria Control Programme Malawi and ICF International, 2014. Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) 2014. Lilongwe, Malawi and Rockville, MD: International NaI.
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19.
President’s Malaria Initiative, 2017. Malawi Malaria Operational Plan FY 2018. Washington, DC.
-
20.
Mace KE, Mwandama D, Jafali J, Luka M, Filler SJ, Sande J, Ali D, Kachur SP, Mathanga DP, Skarbinski J, 2011. Adherence to treatment with artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated malaria in rural Malawi. Clin Infect Dis 53: 772–779.
-
21.
Bruxvoort K, Kalolella A, Cairns M, Festo C, Kenani M, Lyaruu P, Kachur SP, Schellenberg D, Goodman C, 2015. Are Tanzanian patients attending public facilities or private retailers more likely to adhere to artemisinin-based combination therapy? Malar J 14: 87.
-
22.
Namuyinga RJ et al. 2017. Health worker adherence to malaria treatment guidelines at outpatient health facilities in southern Malawi following implementation of universal access to diagnostic testing. Malar J 16: 40.
-
23.
Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Chu Y, Perin J, Zhu J, Lawn JE, Cousens S, Mathers C, Black RE, 2016. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the sustainable development goals. Lancet 388: 3027–3035.
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24.
The World Health Organization, 2014. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Chart Booklet. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
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25.
Johansson EW, Nsona H, Carvajal-Aguirre L, Amouzou A, Hildenwall H, 2017. Determinants of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) non-severe pneumonia classification and care in Malawi health facilities: analysis of a national facility census. J Glob Health 7: 020408.
-
26.
Kobayashi M, Mwandama D, Nsona H, Namuyinga RJ, Shah MP, Bauleni A, Vanden Eng J, Rowe AK, Mathanga DP, Steinhardt LC, 2017. Quality of case management for pneumonia and diarrhea among children seen at health facilities in southern Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 1107–1116.
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27.
Mzilahowa T, Hastings IM, Molyneux ME, McCall PJ, 2012. Entomological indices of malaria transmission in Chikhwawa district, Southern Malawi. Malar J 11: 380.
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28.
The World Health Organization, 2017. Country Cooperation Strategy at a Glance: Malawi. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/136935/1/ccsbrief_mwi_en.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2017.
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29.
National Malaria Control Programme, 2013. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria in Malawi. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health.
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30.
Malawi Ministry of Health, 2013. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Chartbook. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health.
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31.
Steinhardt LC, Chinkhumba J, Wolkon A, Luka M, Luhanga M, Sande J, Oyugi J, Ali D, Mathanga D, Skarbinski J, 2014. Quality of malaria case management in Malawi: results from a nationally representative health facility survey. PLoS One 9: e89050.
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32.
Liang KY, Zeger SL, 1986. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73: 13–22.
-
33.
Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E, 2005. Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences. Am J Epidemiol 162: 199–200.
-
34.
Suda KJ, Hicks LA, Roberts RM, Hunkler RJ, Taylor TH, 2014. Trends and seasonal variation in outpatient antibiotic prescription rates in the United States, 2006 to 2010. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58: 2763–2766.
-
35.
Holstiege J et al. 2014. Systemic antibiotic prescribing to paediatric outpatients in 5 European countries: a population-based cohort study. BMC Pediatr 14: 174.
-
36.
Shao AF, Rambaud-Althaus C, Swai N, Kahama-Maro J, Genton B, D’Acremont V, Pfeiffer C, 2015. Can smartphones and tablets improve the management of childhood illness in Tanzania? A qualitative study from a primary health care worker’s perspective. BMC Health Serv Res 15: 135.
-
37.
Rambaud-Althaus C, Shao A, Samaka J, Swai N, Perri S, Kahama-Maro J, Mitchell M, D’Acremont V, Genton B, 2017. Performance of health workers using an electronic algorithm for the management of childhood illness in Tanzania: a pilot implementation study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 249–257.
-
38.
Rambaud-Althaus C, Althaus F, Genton B, D’Acremont V, 2015. Clinical features for diagnosis of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 439–450.
-
39.
Haque F et al. 2017. Evaluation of a smartphone decision-support tool for diarrheal disease management in a resource-limited setting. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005290.
-
40.
Keitel K et al. 2017. A novel electronic algorithm using host biomarker point-of-care tests for the management of febrile illnesses in Tanzanian children (e-POCT): a randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial. PLoS Med 14: e1002411.
-
41.
Barrington J, Wereko-Brobby O, Ward P, Mwafongo W, Kungulwe S, 2010. SMS for life: a pilot project to improve anti-malarial drug supply management in rural Tanzania using standard technology. Malar J 9: 298.
-
42.
Ateudjieu J, Stoll B, Nguefack-Tsague G, Tchangou C, Genton B, 2014. Vaccines safety; effect of supervision or SMS on reporting rates of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with meningitis vaccine (MenAfriVac): a randomized controlled trial. Vaccine 32: 5662–5668.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 375 | 375 | 57 |
| Full Text Views | 2816 | 853 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 299 | 51 | 2 |
The Effect of Text Message Reminders to Health Workers on Quality of Care for Malaria, Pneumonia, and Diarrhea in Malawi: A Cluster-Randomized, Controlled Trial
Laura C. Steinhardt
Laura C. Steinhardt
Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Don P. Mathanga
Don P. Mathanga
Malaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi;
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Dyson Mwandama
Dyson Mwandama
Malaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi;
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Humphreys Nsona
Humphreys Nsona
Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi;
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Dubulao Moyo
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Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi;
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Austin Gumbo
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Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi;
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Miwako Kobayashi
Miwako Kobayashi
Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Ruth Namuyinga
Ruth Namuyinga
Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Monica P. Shah
Monica P. Shah
Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Andy Bauleni
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Malaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi;
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Peter Troell
Peter Troell
US President’s Malaria Initiative, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lilongwe, Malawi;
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Dejan Zurovac
Dejan Zurovac
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya;
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Alexander K. Rowe
Alexander K. Rowe
Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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The use of mobile technologies in medicine, or mHealth, holds promise to improve health worker (HW) performance, but evidence is mixed. We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of text message reminders to HWs in outpatient health facilities (HFs) on quality of care for malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea in Malawi. After a baseline HF survey (2,360 patients) in January 2015, 105 HFs were randomized to three arms: 1) text messages to HWs on malaria case management; 2) text messages to HWs on malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea case management (latter two for children < 5 years); and 3) control arm (no messages). Messages were sent beginning April 2015 twice daily for 6 months, followed by an endline HF survey (2,536 patients) in November 2015. An intention-to-treat analysis with difference-in-differences binomial regression modeling was performed. The proportion of patients with uncomplicated malaria managed correctly increased from 42.8% to 59.6% in the control arm, from 43.7% to 55.8% in arm 1 (effect size −4.7%-points, 95% confidence interval (CI): −18.2, 8.9, P = 0.50) and from 30.2% to 50.9% in arm 2 (effect size 3.9%-points, 95% CI: −14.1, 22.0, P = 0.67). Prescription of first-line antibiotics to children < 5 years with clinically defined pneumonia increased in all arms, but decreased in arm 2 (effect size −4.1%-points, 95% CI: −42.0, 33.8, P = 0.83). Prescription of oral rehydration solution to children with diarrhea declined slightly in all arms. We found no significant improvements in malaria, pneumonia, or diarrhea treatment after HW reminders, illustrating the importance of rigorously testing new interventions before adoption.
- Supplemental Materials (PDF 205 KB)
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) through a cooperative agreement with the Malaria Alert Centre in Malawi.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This study protocol was approved by the Malawi College of Medicine (COMREC approval P.11/13/1488) and by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Institutional Review Board and registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02645513). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients (or caregivers for patients < 18 years of age) and assent from those aged 7–17 years for exit interviews. Written informed consent was obtained from HWs for interviews and participation in the trial. If a patient enrolled in the survey reported fever or had a measured axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C and had not been prescribed antimalarials by facility HWs, survey clinicians did a malaria RDT (SD Bioline malaria Pf, Standard Diagnostics, Inc, Giheng-ku, Republic of Korea) and gave antimalarials if the RDT was positive.
Authors’ addresses: Laura C. Steinhardt, Ruth Namuyinga, Monica P. Shah, and Alexander K. Rowe, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: iyp6@cdc.gov, rnamuyinga@gmail.com, hyy9@cdc.gov, and axr9@cdc.gov. Don P. Mathanga, Dyson Mwandama, and Andy Bauleni, Malaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, E-mails: dmathang@mac.medcol.mw, dmwandama@gmail.com, and abauleni@mac.medcol.mw. Humphreys Nsona, Dubulao Moyo, and Austin Gumbo, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi, E-mails: hnsona@gmail.com, dubulaomoyo@yahoo.com, and aagumbo@yahoo.co.uk. Miwako Kobayashi, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ydk3@cdc.gov. Peter Troell, US President’s Malaria Initiative, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lilongwe, Malawi, E-mail: vht9@cdc.gov. Dejan Zurovac, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya and Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, E-mail: dzurovac@kemri-wellcome.org.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2011. mHealth: New Horizons for Health through Mobile Technologies. GOf eHealth, ed. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
2.
Zurovac D, Talisuna AO, Snow RW, 2012. Mobile phone text messaging: tool for malaria control in Africa. PLoS Med 9: e1001176.
-
3.
Afrobarometer, 2016. Building on Progress: Infrastructure Development Still a Major Challenge in Africa, Dispatch No. 69. Available at: http://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Dispatches/ab_r6_dispatchno69_infrastructure_remains_challenge_en.pdf. Accessed October 6, 2017.
-
4.
Gurol-Urganci I, de Jongh T, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, Atun R, Car J, 2013. Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12: CD007458.
-
5.
de Jongh T, Gurol-Urganci I, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, Car J, Atun R, 2012. Mobile phone messaging for facilitating self-management of long-term illnesses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12: CD007459.
-
6.
Gurol-Urganci I, de Jongh T, Vodopivec-Jamsek V, Car J, Atun R, 2012. Mobile phone messaging for communicating results of medical investigations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6: CD007456.
-
7.
Vodopivec-Jamsek V, de Jongh T, Gurol-Urganci I, Atun R, Car J, 2012. Mobile phone messaging for preventive health care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12: CD007457.
-
8.
Free C, Phillips G, Galli L, Watson L, Felix L, Edwards P, Patel V, Haines A, 2013. The effectiveness of mobile-health technology-based health behaviour change or disease management interventions for health care consumers: a systematic review. PLoS Med 10: e1001362.
-
9.
Agarwal S, Perry HB, Long LA, Labrique AB, 2015. Evidence on feasibility and effective use of mHealth strategies by frontline health workers in developing countries: systematic review. Trop Med Int Health 20: 1003–1014.
-
10.
Zurovac D, Sudoi RK, Akhwale WS, Ndiritu M, Hamer DH, Rowe AK, Snow RW, 2011. The effect of mobile phone text-message reminders on Kenyan health workers' adherence to malaria treatment guidelines: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 378: 795–803.
-
11.
Jones CO, Wasunna B, Sudoi R, Githinji S, Snow RW, Zurovac D, 2012. “Even if you know everything you can forget”: health worker perceptions of mobile phone text-messaging to improve malaria case-management in Kenya. PLoS One 7: e38636.
-
12.
Zurovac D, Larson BA, Sudoi RK, Snow RW, 2012. Costs and cost-effectiveness of a mobile phone text-message reminder programmes to improve health workers’ adherence to malaria guidelines in Kenya. PLoS One 7: e52045.
-
13.
Chen Y, Yang K, Jing T, Tian J, Shen X, Xie C, Ma B, Liu Y, Yao L, Cao X, 2014. Use of text messages to communicate clinical recommendations to health workers in rural China: a cluster-randomized trial. Bull World Health Organ 92: 474–481.
-
14.
Bruxvoort K, Festo C, Kalolella A, Cairns M, Lyaruu P, Kenani M, Kachur SP, Goodman C, Schellenberg D, 2014. Cluster randomized trial of text message reminders to retail staff in tanzanian drug shops dispensing artemether-lumefantrine: effect on dispenser knowledge and patient adherence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 844–853.
-
15.
Friedman W, Woodman B, Chatterji M, 2015. Can mobile phone messages to drug sellers improve treatment of childhood diarrhoea?—A randomized controlled trial in Ghana. Health Policy Plan 30 (Suppl 1): i82–92.
-
16.
Tomlinson M, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Swartz L, Tsai AC, 2013. Scaling Up mHealth: where is the evidence? PLoS Med 10: e1001382.
-
17.
van Heerden A, Tomlinson M, Swartz L, 2012. Point of care in your pocket: a research agenda for the field of m-health. Bull World Health Organ 90: 393–394.
-
18.
National Malaria Control Programme Malawi and ICF International, 2014. Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) 2014. Lilongwe, Malawi and Rockville, MD: International NaI.
-
19.
President’s Malaria Initiative, 2017. Malawi Malaria Operational Plan FY 2018. Washington, DC.
-
20.
Mace KE, Mwandama D, Jafali J, Luka M, Filler SJ, Sande J, Ali D, Kachur SP, Mathanga DP, Skarbinski J, 2011. Adherence to treatment with artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated malaria in rural Malawi. Clin Infect Dis 53: 772–779.
-
21.
Bruxvoort K, Kalolella A, Cairns M, Festo C, Kenani M, Lyaruu P, Kachur SP, Schellenberg D, Goodman C, 2015. Are Tanzanian patients attending public facilities or private retailers more likely to adhere to artemisinin-based combination therapy? Malar J 14: 87.
-
22.
Namuyinga RJ et al. 2017. Health worker adherence to malaria treatment guidelines at outpatient health facilities in southern Malawi following implementation of universal access to diagnostic testing. Malar J 16: 40.
-
23.
Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Chu Y, Perin J, Zhu J, Lawn JE, Cousens S, Mathers C, Black RE, 2016. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the sustainable development goals. Lancet 388: 3027–3035.
-
24.
The World Health Organization, 2014. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Chart Booklet. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
25.
Johansson EW, Nsona H, Carvajal-Aguirre L, Amouzou A, Hildenwall H, 2017. Determinants of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) non-severe pneumonia classification and care in Malawi health facilities: analysis of a national facility census. J Glob Health 7: 020408.
-
26.
Kobayashi M, Mwandama D, Nsona H, Namuyinga RJ, Shah MP, Bauleni A, Vanden Eng J, Rowe AK, Mathanga DP, Steinhardt LC, 2017. Quality of case management for pneumonia and diarrhea among children seen at health facilities in southern Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 1107–1116.
-
27.
Mzilahowa T, Hastings IM, Molyneux ME, McCall PJ, 2012. Entomological indices of malaria transmission in Chikhwawa district, Southern Malawi. Malar J 11: 380.
-
28.
The World Health Organization, 2017. Country Cooperation Strategy at a Glance: Malawi. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/136935/1/ccsbrief_mwi_en.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2017.
-
29.
National Malaria Control Programme, 2013. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria in Malawi. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health.
-
30.
Malawi Ministry of Health, 2013. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Chartbook. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health.
-
31.
Steinhardt LC, Chinkhumba J, Wolkon A, Luka M, Luhanga M, Sande J, Oyugi J, Ali D, Mathanga D, Skarbinski J, 2014. Quality of malaria case management in Malawi: results from a nationally representative health facility survey. PLoS One 9: e89050.
-
32.
Liang KY, Zeger SL, 1986. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73: 13–22.
-
33.
Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E, 2005. Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences. Am J Epidemiol 162: 199–200.
-
34.
Suda KJ, Hicks LA, Roberts RM, Hunkler RJ, Taylor TH, 2014. Trends and seasonal variation in outpatient antibiotic prescription rates in the United States, 2006 to 2010. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58: 2763–2766.
-
35.
Holstiege J et al. 2014. Systemic antibiotic prescribing to paediatric outpatients in 5 European countries: a population-based cohort study. BMC Pediatr 14: 174.
-
36.
Shao AF, Rambaud-Althaus C, Swai N, Kahama-Maro J, Genton B, D’Acremont V, Pfeiffer C, 2015. Can smartphones and tablets improve the management of childhood illness in Tanzania? A qualitative study from a primary health care worker’s perspective. BMC Health Serv Res 15: 135.
-
37.
Rambaud-Althaus C, Shao A, Samaka J, Swai N, Perri S, Kahama-Maro J, Mitchell M, D’Acremont V, Genton B, 2017. Performance of health workers using an electronic algorithm for the management of childhood illness in Tanzania: a pilot implementation study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 96: 249–257.
-
38.
Rambaud-Althaus C, Althaus F, Genton B, D’Acremont V, 2015. Clinical features for diagnosis of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 439–450.
-
39.
Haque F et al. 2017. Evaluation of a smartphone decision-support tool for diarrheal disease management in a resource-limited setting. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005290.
-
40.
Keitel K et al. 2017. A novel electronic algorithm using host biomarker point-of-care tests for the management of febrile illnesses in Tanzanian children (e-POCT): a randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial. PLoS Med 14: e1002411.
-
41.
Barrington J, Wereko-Brobby O, Ward P, Mwafongo W, Kungulwe S, 2010. SMS for life: a pilot project to improve anti-malarial drug supply management in rural Tanzania using standard technology. Malar J 9: 298.
-
42.
Ateudjieu J, Stoll B, Nguefack-Tsague G, Tchangou C, Genton B, 2014. Vaccines safety; effect of supervision or SMS on reporting rates of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with meningitis vaccine (MenAfriVac): a randomized controlled trial. Vaccine 32: 5662–5668.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 375 | 375 | 57 |
| Full Text Views | 2816 | 853 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 299 | 51 | 2 |