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ProCite
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1.
Babu S, Nutman TB, 2014. Immunology of lymphatic filariasis. Parasite Immunol 36: 338–346.
-
2.
Nutman TB, 2013. Insights into the pathogenesis of disease in human lymphatic filariasis. Lymphat Res Biol 11: 144–148.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Guideline: Alternative Mass Drug Administration Regimens to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
4.
Owusu IO, Vroom FB, Mensah EO, Gyapong M, 2018. Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: current perspectives on mass drug administration. Res Rep Trop Med 9: 25–33.
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-
6.
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-
7.
Mahanty S, Mollis SN, Ravichandran M, Abrams JS, Kumaraswami V, Jayaraman K, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB, 1996. High levels of spontaneous and parasite antigen-driven interieukin-10 production are associated with antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in human lymphatic filariasis. J Infect Dis 173: 769–773.
-
8.
Mahanty S, Nutman TB, 1995. Immunoregulation in human lymphatic filariasis: the role of interleukin 10. Parasite Immunol 17: 385–392.
-
9.
Metenou S, Nutman TB, 2013. Regulatory T cell subsets in filarial infection and their function. Front Immunol 4: 1–8.
-
10.
Babu S, Blauvelt CP, Kumaraswami V, Nutman TB, 2005. Diminished expression and function of TLR in lymphatic filariasis: a novel mechanism of immune dysregulation. J Immunol 175: 1170–1176.
-
11.
Semnani RT et al. 2006. Filaria-induced monocyte dysfunction and its reversal following treatment. Infect Immun 74: 4409–4417.
-
12.
Babu S, Kumaraswami V, Nutman TB, 2009. Alternatively activated and immunoregulatory monocytes in human filarial infections. J Infect Dis 199: 1827–1837.
-
13.
O’Regan NL, Steinfelder S, Venugopal G, Rao GB, Lucius R, Srikantam A, Hartmann S, 2014. Brugia malayi microfilariae induce a regulatory monocyte/macrophage phenotype that suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3206.
-
14.
Brown JA, Dorfman DM, Ma F-R, Sullivan EL, Munoz O, Wood CR, Greenfield Ea, Freeman GJ, 2003. Blockade of programmed death-1 ligands on dendritic cells enhances T cell activation and cytokine production. J Immunol 170: 1257–1266.
-
15.
Freeman GJ et al. 2000. Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med 192: 1027–1034.
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16.
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20.
Wilcox RA et al. 2009. B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274) suppresses host immunity in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 114: 2149–2158.
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Association of a PD-L2 Gene Polymorphism with Chronic Lymphatic Filariasis in a South Indian Cohort
Gopinath Venugopal
Gopinath Venugopal
Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
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Noëlle L. O’Regan
Noëlle L. O’Regan
Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
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Subash Babu
Subash Babu
National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), International Centre for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India;
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Ralf R. Schumann
Ralf R. Schumann
Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
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Aparna Srikantam
Aparna Srikantam
Blue Peter Public Health and Research Centre, LEPRA Society, Hyderabad, India;
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Roswitha Merle
Roswitha Merle
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
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Susanne Hartmann
Susanne Hartmann
Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
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Svenja Steinfelder
Svenja Steinfelder
Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
Department of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Department of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic infection, caused by three closely related nematodes, namely Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. Previously, we have shown that lysate from B. malayi microfilariae induces the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 on monocytes, which lead to inhibition of CD4+ T-cell responses. In this study, we investigated associations of IL-10 and programmed cell death (PD)-1 pathway gene polymorphisms with clinical manifestation in LF. We evaluated the frequency of alleles and genotypes of IL-10 (rs3024496, rs1800872), IL-10RA (rs3135932), IL-10RB (rs2834167), PD-1 (rs2227982, rs10204525), PD-L1 (rs4143815), PD-L2 (rs7854413), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 103 patients with chronic pathology (CP), such as elephantiasis or hydrocele and 106 endemic normal (EN) individuals from a South Indian population living in an area endemic for LF. Deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were tested, and we found a significant difference between the frequency of polymorphisms in PD-L2 (rs7854413; P < 0.001) and IL-10RB (rs2834167; P = 0.012) between the CP and the EN group, whereas there were no significant differences found among IL-10, IL-10RA, PD-1, and PD-L1 SNPs. A multivariate analysis showed that the existence of a CC genotype in PD-L2 SNP rs7854413 is associated with a higher risk of developing CP (OR: 2.942; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.957–9.046; P = 0.06). Altogether, these data indicate that a genetically determined individual difference in a non-synonymous missense SNP of PD-L2 might influence the susceptibility to CP.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Gopinath Venugopal, Noëlle L. O’Regan, and Susanne Hartmann, Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, E-mails: gopinath.v@fu-berlin.de, noelleoregan@gmail.com, and susanne.hartmann@fu-berlin.de. Subash Babu, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India, E-mail: sbabu@mail.nih.gov. Ralf R. Schumann, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany, E-mail: ralf.schumann@charite.de. Aparna Srikantam, Blue Peter Public Health and Research Center, LEPRA Society, Hyderabad, India, E-mail: aparna@leprahealthinaction.in. Roswitha Merle, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biometry, Epidemiology Group, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, E-mail: roswitha.merle@fu-berlin.de. Svenja Steinfelder, Department of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, E-mail: svenja.steinfelder@mdc-berlin.de.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Babu S, Nutman TB, 2014. Immunology of lymphatic filariasis. Parasite Immunol 36: 338–346.
-
2.
Nutman TB, 2013. Insights into the pathogenesis of disease in human lymphatic filariasis. Lymphat Res Biol 11: 144–148.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Guideline: Alternative Mass Drug Administration Regimens to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
4.
Owusu IO, Vroom FB, Mensah EO, Gyapong M, 2018. Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: current perspectives on mass drug administration. Res Rep Trop Med 9: 25–33.
-
5.
Allen JE, Maizels RM, 1996. Immunology of human helminth infection. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 109: 3–10.
-
6.
Jayaraman K, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB, King CL, Mahanty S, Kumaraswami V, Abrams JS, Regunathan J, 1993. Cytokine control of parasite-specific anergy in human lymphatic filariasis. Preferential induction of a regulatory T helper type 2 lymphocyte subset. J Clin Invest 92: 1667–1673.
-
7.
Mahanty S, Mollis SN, Ravichandran M, Abrams JS, Kumaraswami V, Jayaraman K, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB, 1996. High levels of spontaneous and parasite antigen-driven interieukin-10 production are associated with antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in human lymphatic filariasis. J Infect Dis 173: 769–773.
-
8.
Mahanty S, Nutman TB, 1995. Immunoregulation in human lymphatic filariasis: the role of interleukin 10. Parasite Immunol 17: 385–392.
-
9.
Metenou S, Nutman TB, 2013. Regulatory T cell subsets in filarial infection and their function. Front Immunol 4: 1–8.
-
10.
Babu S, Blauvelt CP, Kumaraswami V, Nutman TB, 2005. Diminished expression and function of TLR in lymphatic filariasis: a novel mechanism of immune dysregulation. J Immunol 175: 1170–1176.
-
11.
Semnani RT et al. 2006. Filaria-induced monocyte dysfunction and its reversal following treatment. Infect Immun 74: 4409–4417.
-
12.
Babu S, Kumaraswami V, Nutman TB, 2009. Alternatively activated and immunoregulatory monocytes in human filarial infections. J Infect Dis 199: 1827–1837.
-
13.
O’Regan NL, Steinfelder S, Venugopal G, Rao GB, Lucius R, Srikantam A, Hartmann S, 2014. Brugia malayi microfilariae induce a regulatory monocyte/macrophage phenotype that suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3206.
-
14.
Brown JA, Dorfman DM, Ma F-R, Sullivan EL, Munoz O, Wood CR, Greenfield Ea, Freeman GJ, 2003. Blockade of programmed death-1 ligands on dendritic cells enhances T cell activation and cytokine production. J Immunol 170: 1257–1266.
-
15.
Freeman GJ et al. 2000. Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med 192: 1027–1034.
-
16.
Keir ME, Butte MJ, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, 2008. PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 26: 677–704.
-
17.
Bardhan K, Anagnostou T, Boussiotis VA, 2016. The PD1:PD-L1/2 pathway from discovery to clinical implementation. Front Immunol 7: 550.
-
18.
Latchman Y et al. 2001. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Nat Immunol 2: 261–268.
-
19.
Butte MJ, Keir ME, Phamduy TB, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ, 2007. Programmed death-1 ligand 1 interacts specifically with the B7-1 costimulatory molecule to inhibit T cell responses. Immunity 27: 111–122.
-
20.
Wilcox RA et al. 2009. B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274) suppresses host immunity in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 114: 2149–2158.
-
21.
Keir ME, Francisco LM, Sharpe AH, 2007. PD-1 and its ligands in T-cell immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 19: 309–314.
-
22.
Asadullah K, Sterry W, Volk HD, 2003. Interleukin-10 therapy—review of a new approach. Med Immunol 55: 241–269.
-
23.
de Waal Malefyt R, Abrams J, Bennett B, Figdor CG, de Vries JE, 1991. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J Exp Med 174: 1209–1220.
-
24.
Akdis CA, Blaser K, 2001. Mechanisms of interleukin-10-mediated immune suppression. Immunology 103: 131–136.
-
25.
Mosser DM, Zhang X, 2008. Interleukin 10: new perspectives on an old cytokines. Immunol Rev 226: 205–218.
-
26.
Metenou S et al. 2010. At homeostasis filarial infections have expanded adaptive T regulatory but not classical Th2 cells. J Immunol 184: 5375–5382.
-
27.
Metenou S et al. 2009. Patent filarial infection modulates malaria-specific type 1 cytokine responses in an IL-10-dependent manner in a filaria/malaria-coinfected population. J Immunol 183: 916–924.
-
28.
Ravichandran M, Mahanty S, Kumaraswami V, Nutman TB, Jayaraman K, 1997. Elevated IL-10 mRNA expression and downregulation of Th1-type cytokines in microfilaraemic individuals with Wuchereria bancrofti infection. Parasite Immunol 19: 69–77.
-
29.
Choi EH, Nutman TB, Chanock SJ, 2003. Genetic variation in immune function and susceptibility to human filariasis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 3: 367–374.
-
30.
Figueiredo CA et al. 2013. Coassociations between IL10 polymorphisms, IL-10 production, helminth infection, and asthma/wheeze in an urban tropical population in Brazil. J Allergy Clin Immunol 131: 1683–1690.
-
31.
Assis S, Marques CR, Silva TM, Costa RS, Alcantara-Neves NM, Barreto ML, Barnes KC, Figueiredo CA, 2014. IL10 single nucleotide polymorphisms are related to upregulation of constitutive IL-10 production and susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 19: 168–173.
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