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Rothen J, Githaka N, Kanduma EG, Olds C, Pflüger V, Mwaura S, Bishop RP, Daubenberger C, 2016 .Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for comprehensive indexing of East African ixodid tick species. Parasit Vectors 9: 151.
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Niare S, Tandina F, Davoust B, Doumbo O, Raoult D, Parola P, Almeras L, 2017 .Accurate identification of Anopheles gambiae Giles trophic preferences by MALDI-TOF MS. Infect Genet Evol 63: 410–419.
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Tandina F, Niaré S, Laroche M, Koné AK, Diarra AZ, Ongoiba A, Berenger JM, Doumbo OK, Raoult D, Parola P, 2018. Using MALDI-TOF MS to identify mosquitoes collected in Mali and their blood meals. Parasitology 145: 1170–1182.
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Diarra AZ, Almeras L, Laroche M, Berenger JM, Koné AK, Bocoum Z, Dabo A, Doumbo O, Raoult D, Parola P, 2017 .Molecular and MALDI-TOF identification of ticks and tick-associated bacteria in Mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005762.
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Biteye B, Fall AG, Ciss M, Seck MT, Apolloni A, Fall M, Tran A, Gimonneau G, 2018. Ecological distribution and population dynamics of Rift Valley fever virus mosquito vectors (Diptera, Culicidae) in Senegal. Parasit Vectors 11: 27.
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Use of MALDI-TOF MS for the Identification of Chad Mosquitoes and the Origin of Their Blood Meal
Adama Zan Diarra
Adama Zan Diarra
Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France;
Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;
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Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali;
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Maureen Laroche
Maureen Laroche
Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France;
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Franck Berger
Franck Berger
Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France;
SSA, CESPA, Marseille, France
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SSA, CESPA, Marseille, France
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Philippe Parola
Philippe Parola
Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France;
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Matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a clinical microbiology tool for the systematic identification of microorganisms. It has recently been presented as an innovative tool for the rapid and accurate identification of mosquitoes and their blood meal. To evaluate the capacity of this tool to identify mosquitoes collected in a tropical environment and preserved with silica gel, we analyzed 188 mosquitoes of different species collected in Chad, which were preserved with silica gel for 2 months. The MALDI-TOF MS analysis correctly identified 96% of the mosquitoes and 37.5% of their blood meals. Using MALDI-TOF MS and molecular biology, eight mosquito species were identified, including Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles rufipes, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex neavei, Culex pipiens, Culex perexiguus, Culex rima, and Culex watti. Blood meal identification revealed that mosquitoes fed mainly on humans, birds, and cows. Matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry appears to be a promising, fast, and reliable tool to identify mosquitoes and the origin of their blood meal for samples stored with silica gel.
Author Notes
Financial support: The project leading to this publication has received funding from Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University-A*MIDEX, a French “Investissements d’Avenir” program” (n ANR-10-IAHU-03).
Authors’ addresses: Adama Zan Diarra, Maureen Laroche, and Philippe Parola, Aix Marseille University, Institut de recherche pour le devéloppement (IRD), Assistance publique-Hopitaux Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Vecteurs – Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France, E-mails: adamazandiarra@gmail.com, maureen.laroche972@gmail.com, and philippe.parola@univ-amu.fr. Franck Berger, Aix Marseille University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche pour le devéloppement (IRD), Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Marseille, France, Service de Santé des Armées (SSA ), Centre d’épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées (CESPA), Marseille, France, E-mail: franck1.berger@intradef.gouv.fr.
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EndNote
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1.
Fernandes JN, Moise IK, Maranto GL, Beier JC, 2018. Revamping mosquito-borne disease control to tackle future threats. Trends Parasitol 34: 359–368.
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2.
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8.
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9.
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15.
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16.
Seng P, Drancourt M, Gouriet F, La Scola B, Fournier PE, Rolain JM, Raoult D, 2009 .Ongoing revolution in bacteriology: routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Infect Dis 49: 543–551.
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17.
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-
18.
Murugaiyan J, Roesler U, 2017. MALDI-TOF MS profiling-advances in species identification of pests, parasites, and vectors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7: 184.
-
19.
Halada P, Hlavackova K, Dvorak V, Volf P, 2018. Identification of immature stages of phlebotomine sand flies using MALDI-TOF MS and mapping of mass spectra during sand fly life cycle. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 93: 47–56.
-
20.
Hoppenheit A, Murugaiyan J, Bauer B, Steuber S, Clausen PH, Roesler U, 2013. Identification of tsetse (Glossina spp.) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2305.
-
21.
Raharimalala FN, Andrianinarivomanana TM, Rakotondrasoa A, Collard JM, Boyer S, 2017. Usefulness and accuracy of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a supplementary tool to identify mosquito vector species and to invest in development of international database. Med Vet Entomol 31: 289–298.
-
22.
Rothen J, Githaka N, Kanduma EG, Olds C, Pflüger V, Mwaura S, Bishop RP, Daubenberger C, 2016 .Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for comprehensive indexing of East African ixodid tick species. Parasit Vectors 9: 151.
-
23.
Niare S, Tandina F, Davoust B, Doumbo O, Raoult D, Parola P, Almeras L, 2017 .Accurate identification of Anopheles gambiae Giles trophic preferences by MALDI-TOF MS. Infect Genet Evol 63: 410–419.
-
24.
Tandina F, Niaré S, Laroche M, Koné AK, Diarra AZ, Ongoiba A, Berenger JM, Doumbo OK, Raoult D, Parola P, 2018. Using MALDI-TOF MS to identify mosquitoes collected in Mali and their blood meals. Parasitology 145: 1170–1182.
-
25.
Diarra AZ, Almeras L, Laroche M, Berenger JM, Koné AK, Bocoum Z, Dabo A, Doumbo O, Raoult D, Parola P, 2017 .Molecular and MALDI-TOF identification of ticks and tick-associated bacteria in Mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005762.
-
26.
Yssouf A, 2013. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry: an emerging tool for the rapid identification of mosquito vectors. PLoS One 8: e72380.
-
27.
Vogels CB, Möhlmann TW, Melsen D, Favia G, Wennergren U, Koenraadt CJ, 2016. Latitudinal diversity of Culex pipiens biotypes and hybrids in farm, peri-urban, and wetland habitats in Europe. PLoS One 11: e0166959.
-
28.
Biteye B, Fall AG, Ciss M, Seck MT, Apolloni A, Fall M, Tran A, Gimonneau G, 2018. Ecological distribution and population dynamics of Rift Valley fever virus mosquito vectors (Diptera, Culicidae) in Senegal. Parasit Vectors 11: 27.
-
29.
Diagne N, Fontenille D, Konate L, Faye O, Lamizana MT, Legros F, Molez JF, Trape JF, 1994. Anopheles of Senegal. An annotated and illustrated list. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 87: 267–277.
-
30.
Nebbak A, Willcox AC, Bitam I, Raoult D, Parola P, Almeras L, 2016. Standardization of sample homogenization for mosquito identification using an innovative proteomic tool based on protein profiling. Proteomics 16: 3148–3160.
-
31.
Townzen JS, Brower AV, Judd DD, 2008. Identification of mosquito bloodmeals using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b gene sequences. Med Vet Entomol 22: 386–393.
-
32.
Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R, 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 3: 294–299.
-
33.
Weeraratne TC, Surendran SN, Reimer LJ, Wondji CS, Perera MDB, Walton C, Parakrama Karunaratne SHP, 2017. Molecular characterization of Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of Sri Lanka. Malar J 16: 234.
-
34.
Carbonnelle E, Mesquita C, Bille E, Day N, Dauphin B, Beretti JL, Ferroni A, Gutmann L, Nassif X, 2011. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry tools for bacterial identification in clinical microbiology laboratory. Clin Biochem 44: 104–109.
-
35.
Welker M, Moore ER, 2011. Applications of whole-cell matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in systematic microbiology. Syst Appl Microbiol 34: 2–11.
-
36.
Gregory D, Chaudet H, Lagier JC, Raoult D, 2018. How mass spectrometric approaches applied to bacterial identification have revolutionized the study of human gut microbiota. Expert Rev Proteomics 15: 217–229.
-
37.
El HB, Laroche M, Almeras L, Bérenger JM, Raoult D, Parola P, 2018. Detection of Bartonella spp. in fleas by MALDI-TOF MS. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0006189.
-
38.
Laroche M, Almeras L, Pecchi E, Bechah Y, Raoult D, Viola A, Parola P, 2017. MALDI-TOF MS as an innovative tool for detection of plasmodium parasites in Anopheles mosquitoes. Malar J 16: 5.
-
39.
Tahir D, Almeras L, Varloud M, Raoult D, Davoust B, Parola P, 2017. Assessment of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for filariae detection in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0006093.
-
40.
Yssouf A, Flaudrops C, Drali R, Kernif T, Socolovschi C, Berenger JM, Raoult D, Parola P, 2013. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification of tick vectors. J Clin Microbiol 51: 522–528.
-
41.
Yssouf A, Socolovschi C, Leulmi H, Kernif T, Bitam I, Audoly G, Almeras L, Raoult D, Parola P, 2014. Identification of flea species using MALDI-TOF/MS. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 37: 153–157.
-
42.
Mathis A et al. 2015. Identification of phlebotomine sand flies using one MALDI-TOF MS reference database and two mass spectrometer systems. Parasit Vectors 8: 266.
-
43.
Kerah-Hinzoumbe C, Péka M, Antonio-Nkondjio C, Donan-Gouni I, Awono-Ambene P, Samè-Ekobo A, Simard F, 2009. Malaria vectors and transmission dynamics in Goulmoun, a rural city in south-western Chad. BMC Infect Dis 9: 71.
-
44.
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-
45.
Vinogradova EB, Shaikevich EV, 2005. Differentiation between the urban mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens F. molestus and Culex torrentium (Diptera: Culicidae) by the molecular genetic methods. Parazitologiia 39: 574–576.
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